A consistent test of equality of distributions for Hilbert-valued random elements

Two independent random elements taking values in a separable Hilbert space are considered. The aim is to develop a test with bootstrap calibration to check whether they have the same distribution or not. A transformation of both random elements into a new separable Hilbert space is considered so that the equality of expectations of the transformed random elements is equivalent to the equality of distributions. Thus, a bootstrap test procedure to check the equality of means can be used in order to solve the original problem. It will be shown that both the asymptotic and bootstrap approaches proposed are asymptotically correct and consistent. The results can be applied, for example, in functional data analysis. In practice, the test can be solved with simple operations in the original space without applying the mentioned transformation, which is used only to guarantee the theoretical results. Empirical results and comparisons with related methods support and complement the theory.The research has been partially supported by Grants MTM2017-89632-P and PID2020-116587GB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the COST Action CA21163 from the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the referees and editors by their helpful comments and suggestions.S

Langmuir monolayer studies of non-ionic surfactants and DOTMA for the design of ophthalmic niosomes

The worldwide increase in diabetes entails a rise in associated diseases, with diabetic retinopathy on the forefront of the ocular complications. To overcome the challenges posed by ocular barriers, self-assembled nanocarriers have gathered increasing attention in recent years, with niosomes revealing themselves to be suitable for the delivery of a variety of drugs. This study investigated the mechanical properties of Langmuir monolayers comprising cholesterol, Tween 60, and 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTMA), both individually and in binary and ternary systems. The cholesterol monolayer was characterized by an L-shaped isotherm, reflecting two surface aggregation states. Tween 60 exhibited expanded conformation and progressive aggregation, transitioning through a phase change. The addition of cholesterol to Tween 60 resulted in a subtle reduction in surface compressional modulus. The compression isotherms highlighted the stabilizing effect of cholesterol on the monolayer, affecting the film's resistance to compression. The introduction of DOTMA in Tween 60 monolayers revealed concentration-dependent effects, where the compression resistance of the film was proportional to DOTMA concentration. Ternary systems of cholesterol, DOTMA and Tween 60 exhibited unique behavior, with DOTMA enhancing film stability and cholesterol modulating this effect. Temperature and subphase ionic strength variations further exacerbated the effects of DOTMA concentration. Brewster Angle Microscopy confirmed the absence of microdomains in the compressed monolayer, supporting the hypothesis of a monolayer collapse. Overall, the research provided valuable insights into the intricate interactions and mechanical behavior of these surfactant systems and the feasibility of obtaining cationic niosome-based drug delivery.S

Power-series solution of the L-fractional logistic equation

We consider the L-fractional derivative, which has been proposed in the literature to study fractional differentials in geometry and processes in mechanics. Our context is population growth and epidemiology, for which the use of L-derivatives is motivated by transitions. Using power series, we solve the logistic differential equation model under this fractional derivative. Several conclusions on the method, the derivative, and the singularity of the associated kernel are reached. Fractional Euler numbers, related to the logistic map and the famous Riemann zeta function, are also introducedThe research of J.J. Nieto was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) of Spain Grant PID2020-113275GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union” and Xunta de Galicia , grant ED431C 2023/12 for Competitive Reference Research Groups (2023–2026)S

'Localizing' the 2030 Agenda: Analysis of the determinants of the disclosure of information on the Sustainable Development Goals by Spanish municipalities

The concept of sustainability in economic development emerged in the Brundtland Report in 1987. In 2015, the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development became a major global milestone. Local governments, due to their proximity to citizens, play a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, in Spain, the disclosure of sustainability information is voluntary and influenced by socioeconomic and political factors. This study analyses data from 102 municipalities between 2016 and 2021. The results show a growing commitment to the SDGs, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, with larger municipalities, female mayors and left-wing governments showing higher SDG disclosure. This research advances our understanding of local government sustainability eefforts and their determinants

"Praga", de Claudio Rodríguez Fer / tradución do galego ao checo por Anna Hozmanová e Karolina Nohynková

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New strategies for the prevention and treatment of complications associated with diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus has emerged as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases of the 21st century with serious complications worsening its progression. This doctoral thesis is divided into four chapters focused on improving the treatment of complications associated with diabetes mellitus. In the first chapter, the subcutaneous administration of biopharmaceuticals is adressed as an effective and patientpreferred alternative to intravenous infusions. In the second chapter, supercritical foaming technology was utilised to manufacture PLGA implants loaded with dexamethasone and bevacizumab. The third chapter develops a drug delivery system to enhance the penetration of antifungal drugs into nails with onychomycosis. The fourth chapter develops an inert coating for in vitro testing with 3D printed devices.2025-03-0

Understanding vaccination hesitation among health professionals: a systematic review of qualitative studies

Objectives In terms of vaccination, people trust healthcare professionals (HCPs) more than any other source of information. They are the cornerstone of vaccination as they can move undecided populations not only towards vaccination but also towards non-vaccination. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and barriers associated with own vaccination and patient recommendation in HCPs. Study design This study incorporated a systematic review. Methods A systematic review of studies published from January 1, 2000, to June 1, 2020, was conducted by searching PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases. Qualitative studies reporting outcomes related to knowledge, attitudes, or barriers related to vaccination/recommendation by healthcare personnel were included. The guidelines in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. Results From a total of 2916 studies identified, 36 articles met the inclusion criteria. Some of the factors cited by the HCP that may contribute to vaccine hesitancy were (a) concerns regarding safety or efficacy of vaccines (23 articles); (b) time constraints (21 articles); (c) lack of knowledge about the vaccination/vaccine (19 articles); (d) costs (13 articles); (e) distrust of pharmaceutical industry (8 articles); and (f) considering oneself insusceptible (7 articles), stock shortage (7 articles), lack of personnel (5 articles), and feelings of unnecessary vaccination (5 articles). Conclusions Our review suggests that interventions to combat vaccine hesitancy should increase HCP education on vaccine efficacy and safety, as well as intervene on health system factors such as cost and time per visit. In this way, we could tackle the problem of vaccine hesitancy, which seriously threatens global public health.S

Generación de un repositorio de datos de genotipado de muestras de población control española y diseño de un nuevo array para estudios de GWAS

La finalización del Proyecto Genoma Humano en 2003 y el Proyecto Internacional HapMap en 2005, ha supuesto la generación de nuevas herramientas de investigación que permiten analizar las contribuciones genéticas a enfermedades complejas. Una de las posibles complicaciones de los estudios de asociación es la existencia de estratificación, diferencias genético-poblacionales entre casos y controles que pueden sesgar la interpretación de los resultados. En esta tesis se ha diseñado un array específico de población española y se ha generado un repositorio de datos de genotipado de muestras de población control española que se harán accesibles a la comunidad científica para sus estudios de asociación del genoma completo (GWAS).2025-02-0

Clasificación ecográfica de la tendinopatía calcificada del manguito de los rotadores del hombro (ECOCLAF) como guía de actuación terapéutica

La tendinopatía calcificada del manguito de los rotadores es un trastorno del hombro caracterizado por la formación de depósitos de cristales de calcio. El objetivo del presente trabajo es definir una clasificación ecográfica que permita el diagnóstico, oriente el pronóstico y sugiera la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Se diseñó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de serie de casos de práctica clínica real en el que se reclutaron 217 pacientes. Las decisiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas tomadas en todos los casos siguieron las indicaciones basadas en la evidencia y la experiencia. Se han propuesto cinco tipos de calcificación ecográfica por sus características radiológicas, comportamiento clínico y respuesta a los tratamientos

Viticultura de precisión para la caracterización y gestión de viñedos en un contexto de cambio climático

A lo largo de los últimos años, ha aumentado el interés de la agricultura de precisión, como conjunto de técnicas y herramientas que proporcionan información de utilidad en el menor tiempo posible. La utilización de una viticultura de precisión, para tratar de forma eficaz cada parte del terreno, es la clave para aplicar lo que es necesario, donde se necesite y en el momento oportuno, permitiendo una mayor eficacia para no malgastar los recursos, mejorar la eficiencia y crear una agricultura más sostenible. El ensayo experimental, se ha realizado en tres viñedos comerciales, para la realización de una zonificación, así como, para el diseño de un modelo inteligente, que permita la predicción de parámetros clave para el viticultor.2025-01-1