Niñas y mujeres en la hilatura del algodón en la Cataluña del siglo XVIII: la fábrica de Josep Rovira (1794-1797)

La industria algodonera en la Catalunya del siglo XVIII recurrió masivamente al trabajo infantil, ya que este se adaptaba de manera flexible a los vaivenes de la producción. En las indianas, por ejemplo, el motor económico de Barcelona en el último tercio de dicho siglo, la mano de obra infantil era prácticamente toda de sexo masculino. Era en la hilatura, en cambio, donde la mayor parte del trabajo infantil estaba realizado por niñas. Aunque se trataba de un ramo caracterizado por un ritmo de trabajo muy irregular, las trabajadoras en general, niñas incluidas, podían llegar a ganar sumas considerables en algunas fases álgidas del año en un régimen de pluriactividad acentuado. En comparación a otros sectores, como el servicio doméstico, la hilatura no se ajusta estrictamente al relato de la miseria fruto de discursos y enfoques de la infancia más propios del siglo XIX que del XVIII

Ressenya a Jacob Mompó, Conversos valencians i Inquisició. Experiències vitals d’una minoria perseguida (1481-1521), València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2022

Ressenya a Jacob Mompó, Conversos valencians i Inquisició. Experiències vitals d’una minoria perseguida (1481-1521), València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2022, 145 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1118-079-5Review to Jacob Mompó, Conversos valencians i Inquisició. Experiències vitals d’una minoria perseguida (1481-1521), València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2022, 145 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1118-079-

Psychometric evaluation of recall and recognition tasks for the measurement of young spectators’ theatrical memory

The purpose of this research is the construction and psychometric evaluation of seven categories of recall and recognition tasks for the measurement of young spectators’ theatrical memory, based on the respective theatre codes of a specific performance for young spectators. The aim of those tasks is the evaluation of the young spectators’ mnemonic recordings on a level a) the actors’ representation of the characters on stage (acting), b) the visual frame of the performance, c) the audio code d) the lights, e) the dramatic text, f) the plot/action and g) the Shadow Theatre technique. The recall and recognition tasks were constructed according to the Classical Test Theory of Question Analysis on a sample of 5th Grade Primary School pupils (i.e. ten-year-old pupils), who had seen this specific performance addressed to young spectators and were evaluated with the Factor Analysis method. For the evaluation of the quality of the questions, we took into consideration the difficulty coefficient of each question, the discriminant coefficient and the evaluation of the correlation level of expert judges. For the psychometric control of the tests we examined the validity of their conceptual construct via inquiry factor analysis and the internal validity coefficient. The result of the above tasks was the creation of seven reliable and valid measurement tools, in which no gender effect is inferred

A Cu-Based Near-IR Active MOF with an Ion-Pair Guest Exhibiting Versatile and Selective Gas-Solid Reactivity

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that react spontaneously and selectively with gases or vapors are useful in separation and purification processes, but are very scarce since only a few MOFs are capable of undergoing structural transformations. Simultaneous incorporation of cations and anions in a MOF is, as far as is known, never been observed. Here a new MOF: (Me2NH2)(CuICl2)@[CuII4(INA)4Cl2O]·1.5dmf (3) (INA = isonicotinate, dmf = N,N'-dimethylformamide) is presented that simultaneously incorporates Me2NH2+ cations and CuCl2− anions. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, MOF 3 is the first transition metal-based near-IR active MOF. A systematic reactivity study with highly reactive gases and vapors shows that, in the presence of NH3, MOF 3 presents a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation into [Cu(INA)(OH)]·H2O (4-NH3), a 3D MOF containing unprecedented [Cu(μ3-OH)]nn- chains. With HCl or HCOOH vapors, MOF 3 shows a dissolution-recrystallization structural transformation into (HINA)2[Cu2Cl6(H2O)2] (5-HCl) or the 3D MOF (Me2NH2)[Cu(HCOO)3] (6-For). In contrast, MOF 3 remains stable under vapors of H2SO4, H3PO4, Et3N, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, and pyridine. Theoretical calculations confirm the spontaneous nature of these transformations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the reduction of CuII to CuI in the host helps to explain such exceptional optical properties

Telework and occupational segregation in Europe

Occupational segregation between men and women and between rural and urban areas is a persistent driver of labor market inequality in Europe. Women and rural workers are often overrepresented in lower-paid and lower-status occupations, reflecting structural barriers to occupational mobility. This paper investigates how occupational segregation varies across gender, space, and telework status and examines the potential of telework to reduce these inequalities. Using microdata from the 2023 European Labor Force Survey, we calculate segregation indices to measure occupational segregation and monetary gains, as well as losses due to segregation. We further analyze the relationship of segregation and telework. We find the highest segregation and economic disadvantages due to segregation for rural men. Female teleworkers are less clustered in feminized roles compared to non-teleworking women, suggesting that remote work can broaden occupational opportunities. Telework shows reduced segregation when primarily working remotely, but not in hybrid settings. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of spatial and gendered labor market disparities. We further identify the potential of telework to promote a more equitable occupational integration across gender and space

Editorial: Critical Pedagogy in Literary Education: Reading the Word to read the World

The current special issue of JLE embodies Freire’s goal of literacy/literary education: reading the word to read the world.  The cornerstone of Critical Pedagogy lies undoubtedly in Paulo Freire’s seminal work, Pedagogy of the Oppressed. (Pedagogia do Oprimido, 1968). Freire critiques traditional education models, which he terms the "banking model," in which teachers deposit knowledge into passive students. He advocates for a dialogic approach that transforms education into a collaborative process of inquiry. Freire’s methods emphasize critical consciousness (conscientização), urging learners to question societal structures and their own roles within them. Aiming to empower minds through dialogue and reflection, Critical Pedagogy sees literature as more than an artistic endeavor; it is a medium through which societies interrogate their values, challenge injustices, and envision alternate realities. In the realm of education, how literature is taught can either reinforce systems of oppression or act as a transformative tool for liberation. Critical Pedagogy provides a compelling framework for rethinking literary education. This approach not only democratizes the classroom but also empowers students to become agents of social change

Ética de la responsabilidad y cuidado en un horizonte de inteligencia artificial sostenible

A menudo, el destello de los beneficios que reporta la inteligencia artificial en numerosos espacios, eclipsa los impactos medioambientales de esta tecnología. En este sentido, en un contexto marcado por la superación de los límites planetarios, es conveniente iniciar una senda reflexiva que aspire a plantear una inteligencia artificial sostenible. El compromiso con la responsabilidad y el cultivo del cuidado modelan un marco ético para la realización de la sostenibilidad como un ideal moral indispensable para el presente y el futuro de los intelectos sintéticos. El reconocimiento y la estimación de la vulnerabilidad de la biosfera constituyen dos piezas claves para comprender los efectos de una agencia moral mediada por la tecnología

Carglumic acid enhances rapid ammonia detoxification in classical organic acidurias with a favourable risk-benefit profile: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Isovaleric aciduria (IVA), propionic aciduria (PA) and methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) are inherited organic acidurias (OAs) in which impaired organic acid metabolism induces hyperammonaemia arising partly from secondary deficiency of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) synthase. Rapid reduction in plasma ammonia is required to prevent neurological complications. This retrospective, multicentre, open-label, uncontrolled, phase IIIb study evaluated the efficacy and safety of carglumic acid, a synthetic structural analogue of NAG, for treating hyperammonaemia during OA decompensation. Methods: Eligible patients had confirmed OA and hyperammonaemia (plasma NH3 > 60 μmol/L) in ≥1 decompensation episode treated with carglumic acid (dose discretionary, mean (SD) first dose 96.3 (73.8) mg/kg). The primary outcome was change in plasma ammonia from baseline to endpoint (last available ammonia measurement at ≤18 hours after the last carglumic acid administration, or on Day 15) for each episode. Secondary outcomes included clinical response and safety. Results: The efficacy population (received ≥1 dose of study drug and had post-baseline measurements) comprised 41 patients (MMA: 21, PA: 16, IVA: 4) with 48 decompensation episodes (MMA: 25, PA: 19, IVA: 4). Mean baseline plasma ammonia concentration was 468.3 (±365.3) μmol/L in neonates (29 episodes) and 171.3 (±75.7) μmol/L in non-neonates (19 episodes). At endpoint the mean plasma NH3 concentration was 60.7 (±36.5) μmol/L in neonates and 55.2 (±21.8) μmol/L in non-neonates. Median time to normalise ammonaemia was 38.4 hours in neonates vs 28.3 hours in non-neonates and was similar between OA subgroups (MMA: 37.5 hours, PA: 36.0 hours, IVA: 40.5 hours). Median time to ammonia normalisation was 1.5 and 1.6 days in patients receiving and not receiving concomitant scavenger therapy, respectively. Although patients receiving carglumic acid with scavengers had a greater reduction in plasma ammonia, the endpoint ammonia levels were similar with or without scavenger therapy. Clinical symptoms improved with therapy. Twenty-five of 57 patients in the safety population (67 episodes) experienced AEs, most of which were not drug-related. Overall, carglumic acid seems to have a good safety profile for treating hyperammonaemia during OA decompensation. Conclusion: Carglumic acid when used with or without ammonia scavengers, is an effective treatment for restoration of normal plasma ammonia concentrations in hyperammonaemic episodes in OA patients

La enseñanza del registro coloquial a través de nuevos géneros: la tertulia deportiva en el aula de E/LE

El uso de recursos basados en registro y género en la enseñanza de E/LE constituye una práctica habitual, tanto con materiales de ficción, como series y películas, como con conversaciones coloquiales genuinas pertenecientes a diferentes corpus. La tertulia, por su parte, es un género que combina, cada vez más, rasgos propios de la conversación coloquial (sin ser una muestra prototípica de inmediatez completa en términos de Koch y Oesterreicher, 2007, o de prototipicidad, según Briz, 2010), con un escenario interactivo distinto que permite, en el campo de la enseñanza, aislar mejor determinados fenómenos pragmáticos para su estudio. El presente artículo propone una secuencia centrada en la tertulia deportiva, por su carácter actual y atractivo para determinados grupos de edad, así como por su acceso libre desde diferentes medios de cara a la preparación de materiales. El foco lingüístico recae sobre dos tipos de estrategias verbalizadoras: las fórmulas de tratamiento y los marcadores discursivos

Análisis y propuesta de valorización del Molí de la Sal o del Salt en la Huerta de Burjassot (Valencia)

El Molí de la Sal es un molino hidráulico de rueda horizontal situado en el sistema de regadío histórico de la acequia de Tormos, una de las siete acequias del Tribunal de las Aguas de la Vega de Valencia. Está ubicado en la Huerta de Burjassot, integrada en un área de especial protección por sus extraordinarios valores agropecuarios y paisajísticos. El bien patrimonial es testimonio de la historia agrícola de la localidad y está declarado Bien de Relevancia Local, lo que constata su elevado valor cultural. Sin embargo, el elemento se encuentra actualmente en un avanzado estado de abandono. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las características y contexto del Molí de la Sal y desarrollar una estrategia para su puesta en valor, centrada en su museización. Para ello se ha realizado una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica, labores de trabajo de campo, así como procesos de participación con los principales agentes territoriales. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que, aunque el molino presenta un deficiente estado de conservación, sus significativos valores patrimoniales confirman la necesidad de su restitución y puesta en valor. El plan de acción propuesto incluye la excavación arqueológica del elemento, así como la rehabilitación del edificio y las construcciones anexas. Se ha desarrollado una estrategia de museización, mediante la creación de exposiciones que integran la maquinaria histórica y otros elementos, junto con la exhibición de tres colecciones temáticas relacionadas con la etnografía. La planificación propuesta ha permitido la formulación de un proyecto con un elevado grado de aplicabilidad, destinado a la valorización del Molí de la Sal y de su paisaje del agua asociado