Efficacy of Magnetic Stimulation in Men With Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy: a Randomized, Quadruple-Blind, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial

Yildiz, Necmettin/0000-0002-1947-4375Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of MStim on incontinence-related clinical parameters, quality of life (QoL), sexual function, depression and anxiety in patients with UI after RP. Methods: Forty men with UI after RP were randomized into two groups using the random numbers generator as follows: Group 1 received MStim (n: 20), and Group 2 Sham-MStim (control) (n: 20). MStim and Sham-Mstim were performed with MStim therapy armchair (Novamag NT60), 2 days a week, 20 min a day, a total of 16 sessions for 8 weeks. Men were evaluated in terms of improvement rates (primary outcome), severity of incontinence (24 h-pad test), frequency of voiding, nocturia, incontinence episodes, number of pads, (3-day bladder diary) anxiety-depression (HADS), QoL (IIQ-7), sexual function (IIEF), and continence rates and treatment satisfaction. Results: While there was a statistically significant improvement in all parameters except erectile function, sexual desire, and intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction subgroups of sexual function and depression Group 1, a statistically significant improvement was found only in the severity of incontinence and bladder diary parameters in Group 2 at the 8th week compared to the baseline values (p 0.05). At the end of treatment; the severity of incontinence, nocturia, incontinence episodes, QoL, total and orgasmic function subgroups of sexual function and anxiety were significantly improved in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at the 8th week (p 0.05). The improvement rates (75.0% vs. 26.3%), continence rates (45.0% vs. 15.8%), and treatment satisfaction (effect size: d = 1.23) were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p 0.05). Conclusion: MStim is a clinically feasible treatment option that is well tolerated with no serious side effects and is more effective than sham on both UI related clinical parameters and QoL, anxiety and sexual function in men with UI after RP. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04644614.This study was supported by Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Pamukkale University under the project number 2020TIPF021.This study was supported by Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Pamukkale University under the project number 2020TIPF021. [2020TIPF021]; Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Pamukkale Universit

An Artistic Experience at the Science Center: the Artistic Remark of the Scientific Context

The research focuses on transforming students' experiences, sensations, impressions, and perceptions in the science center into artistic expression. The research aims to examine how the scientific content of the science center exhibition is interpreted by the students of the visual art course of Science and Art Center according to the artistic context. The sample of the study carried out with the case study pattern consists of nine students aged 1014, who are defined as gifted in the field of visual arts. For this study, an activity program called "Artistic Discovery in the Science Center" was created by the researchers. This program includes three activities named "Color and Light", "Visual Illusions", and "Geometry and Art". Qualitative data sources included focus group interviews, worksheets, students' artistic works, and reflective diaries. Inductive analysis was applied by triangulating findings from multiple data sources. The learning experiences offered by the activities to the students were determined as the unit of analysis. Research findings have shown that science centers offer rich learning experiences to the students in understanding the causality of art-related subjects and exploring a different context of the information learned in the visual arts course, in a way that contributes to imaginative thinking

Sex-Based Estimation of Biological Variation in Plasma-Free Amino Acid Concentrations Among Healthy Adults

Introduction: Free amino acid (FAA) analysis plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring inborn errors of metabolism, assessing nutritional status, and identifying metabolic imbalances associated with various diseases. This study aimed to provide updated biological variation (BV) data to support the reliable clinical application of FAA concentrations in plasma samples, utilizing LC-MS/MS. Materials and methods: Venous blood was collected from 22 healthy Turkish adults (9 men and 13 women) over approximately nine weeks. Plasma FAAs were measured in duplicate. BV estimates with 95 % confidence intervals were determined using nested ANOVA for the entire study group and sex-stratified subgroups, following analysis of outliers, normality, steady-state conditions, and variance homogeneity. Results: Within-subject variation (CVI) and between-subject variation (CVG) estimates ranged from 9.5 % to 32.5 % and 8.6 % to 50.0 %, respectively. The estimated CVI values for essential amino acids were significantly lower than those for non-essential amino acids (P = 0.03). For most plasma FAAs, no significant differences in CVI (except for alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, and threonine) or CVG were observed between sexes. However, differences in the indices of individuality were noted between men and women for some plasma FAAs. Conclusions: This Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist-compliant study provides the first updated BV data for plasma FAAs. The significant variation observed in CVI estimates is hypothesized to result from differences in the metabolic regulation of essential versus non-essential amino acids. The sex-stratified indices obtained in this study will aid in the appropriate application of population-based reference intervals for plasma FAA assessment.BOLD>Funding/BOLD> This study was funded by the Research Fund of the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Project number: 22.GENEL.011.Research Fund of the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University [22

Possible Drug-Drug Interactions Between Mesalamine and Tricyclic Antidepressants Through Cyp2d6 Metabolism - in Silico and in Vitro Analyses

Mesalamine (mesalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) is an essential anti-inflammatory agent both used for therapy and as a remission control in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are used to alleviate remaining symptoms in patients already receiving IBD therapy or with quiescent inflammation. The cytochrome P4502D6 enzyme is involved in the metabolism of TCAs. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the role of CYP2D6 in 5-ASA metabolism. Initially, in silico analysis involving the docking of 5-ASA to CYP2D6 and molecular dynamics simulations was conducted. Next, the rate of O-demethylation of a nonfluorescent probe 3-[2-(N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium)-ethyl]-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin (AMMC) into a fluorescent metabolite AMHC (3-[2-(N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium)ethyl]-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin) was optimized with baculosomes co-expressing human CYP2D6 and human P450 oxidoreductase (hCPR) to monitor CYP2D6 activity in a microtiter plate assay. The apparent Km and Vmax were found to be 1.30 μM and 32.68 pmol/min/mg of protein for the O-demethylation of AMMC to AMHC, and the reaction was linear for 40 min. Then, nonselective inhibition of CYP2D6 activity with various concentrations of 5-ASA was detected. Finally, the conversion of AMMC to metabolites was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS spectrometry, and none were identified. Thus, this study suggests that concurrent use of mesalamine with TCA may lead to adverse effects, and CYP2D6 genotyping should be routinely performed on these patients to eliminate possible threats. © 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved

An Evaluation of the Adequacy of the Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Endoscopy-Assisted Metopic, Coronal, or Sagittal Craniosynostosis Surgeries: a Retrospective Observational Study

Evran, Turan/0000-0003-4768-3622; Ilhan, Seher/0000-0002-4857-8501Background and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the adequacy of the liberal transfusion strategy applied in patients undergoing endoscopy-assisted Metopic, Coronal, or Sagittal craniosynostosis surgery according to the Pre-Transfusion and Post-Transfusion Estimated Red Blood Cell Mass (ERCM) ratios. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted at the Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine (2017-2023), utilized anesthesia, surgical records, and hospital electronic data of patients undergoing endoscopic craniosynostosis surgery. The primary endpoints were the rates of Post-Transfusion 1st-hour ERCM/Pre-Transfusion ERCM (%) and Post-Transfusion 24th-hour ERCM/Pre-Transfusion ERCM (%). The secondary endpoints were determined as Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) values at the 1st and 24th hours after surgery, Calculated Blood Loss (CBL) during surgery (%), total 24 h CBL (%), ERCM (%), and Estimated Blood Loss (EBV) during surgery and total 24 h transfusions, Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) (mL/kg) amounts during surgery, and total 24 h transfusions. Results: A total of 86 pediatric craniosynostosis cases were evaluated and categorized into Metopic (n = 38), Sagittal (n = 33), and Coronal (n = 15) groups, with Post-Transfusion evaluation conducted across these groups. Post-Transfusion 1st-hour ERCM/Pre-Transfusion ERCM ratios were found to have median values of 90.70% in the Metopic group, 91.61% in the Sagittal group, and 93.09% in the Coronal group. Post-Transfusion 24th-hour ERCM/Pre-Transfusion ERCM ratios were found to be median values of 94.05% in the Metopic group, 88.3% in the Sagittal group, and 87.08% in the Coronal group. Conclusions: The liberal transfusion strategy provided adequate transfusion, maintaining ERCM ratios within the 85-115% range across all groups. Significant decreases in Hb and Hct levels were observed from preoperative to postoperative measurements at 1 and 24 h. Changes in CBL, ERCM, EBV, and PRBC volumes were noted between the postoperative 1 h and 24 h measurements across all groups

Efficacy of Induction Therapy and Its Impact on the Development of Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients: a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two different induction therapies-Basiliximab and ATG-Fresenius (ATG-F)-on early outcomes and the development of delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplant recipients from living or deceased donors at a single center. Matherials and methods: A total of 33 patients over 18 years old who underwent kidney transplantation at a single center between February 2022 and February 2025 were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI), demographic data, transplant characteristics, and complications were recorded. DGF was defined as requiring dialysis within the first seven postoperative days. Statistical analyses were performed using the t-test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables, with p0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age of recipients was 39.8±11.9 years; there were 10 females and 23 males. The mean BMI was 24.5±3 kg/m². Sixteen patients (14/16 Basiliximab) received living-donor kidneys, while 17 (17/17 ATG-F) received deceased-donor kidneys. Cold ischemia time was 1.1±0.2 hours for living-donor grafts versus 11.6±2.0 hours for deceased donors (p=0.001). Similarly, Pre-transplant dialysis duration was significantly longer in deceased-donor recipients (2.5±2.6 vs. 9.4±4.8 years, p=0.001). Overall, 30.3% (10/33) of patients developed DGF, predominantly in those with longer ischemia and dialysis times. Conclusion: In deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients, prolonged cold ischemia and pre-transplant dialysis duration increase the incidence of DGF. The use of ATG-F in patients with high immunologic risk appears to be beneficial and is consistent with the existing literature. However, the limited sample size makes it difficult to clarify the impact of induction therapy on DGF; therefore, larger prospective studies are needed. © 2025, Pamukkale University. All rights reserved

8:16 Time Restricted Feeding and 5:2 Intermittent Fasting Exert Beneficial Metabolic Effects on Lipid Profile and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in High Fructose-Consuming Rats

We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of two different frequently utilized intermittent fasting (IF) protocols (8:16 and 5:2) applied for eight weeks on weight loss, metabolic indices, serum/liver sterol regulatory protein (SREBP) levels, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers in normal and high-fructose (HF) fed rats. Sixty male, Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 60): Control(C), 8:16 (8 h ad libitum and 16 h fasting), 5:2 (2 days food restriction followed by 5 days ad libitum-feeding), HF (high-fructose, 20% drinking water, eight weeks), 8:16 + HF, 5:2 + HF groups. IF protocols were applied for eight weeks. Serum and liver SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and serum protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) levels were determined by commercial kits. The body weight (BW) and visceral fat lowering effects of 5:2 diet was more prominent compared to 8:16 TRF. Both IF protocols decreased serum SREBP-2, ACC, TG, cholesterol levels (p 0.05). HF induced weight gain and increment in serum glucose which was reversed by 8:16 IF. The weight loss effect of 5:2 IF was also more prominent in HF. Serum and liver SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, cholesterol, TG levels were higher in HF group than C (p 0.05). Both IF regimens decreased serum and liver SREBP-1, SREBP-2, ACC, TG, cholestreol levels in rats subjected to HF diet (p 0.05). Although IF regimens did not cause ERS; they reversed elevated ERS induced by HF diet. Both IF protocols have beneficial effects on both normal and HF consuming rats, being superior to each other on several parameters.Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit; [2021HZDP011]This study was supported by Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (grant number 2021HZDP011)

Inflation Co-Movement: New Insights From Quantile Factor Model

The growing empirical literature documents evidence on increasing global inflation co-movement across countries over time; however, little is known about the quantile co-movement structure of inflation. By introducing quantile factor model for a global sample of 151 countries from 1970 to 2023, this study provides new insights with respect to inflation co-movement. The quantile factor analysis sheds light on that (i) global inflation has a quantile-dependent factor structure, with different behavior in low, mild/stable, and high inflation periods; (ii) inflation shows an asymmetric co-movement pattern, with a decreasing degree in low and high inflation periods in comparison with stable inflation period; (iii) while interest rate and economic activity are the underlying observables for the latent quantile factors in low and stable inflation periods, commodity prices also become an underlying observable in high inflation period; and finally (iv) using quantile factors is nontrivial in improving density forecast of inflation in both developed and emerging markets.Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK).Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK

Kanser korku ölçeğinin uyarlanması Ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi

Kanser korkusu halk sağlığının önemli bir alanı olan erken tanı ve taramalar, sağlık hizmetlerine ulaşım gibi başlıklarda çözülmeyi bekleyen önemli bir konudur. Toplumda kanser korku düzeyini saptanması ve kanser korku düzeyini etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya konması önemlidir. Türkiye de kanser korkusu için geçerliliği ve g üvenirliği kanıtlanmış olan ve literatürde oldukça fazla kullanılan ölçekler mevcuttur Ancak bu araçlar çok iyi geçerlilik ve güvenirliğe sahip olmalarına karşın t ek bir hedef kanser türü ne özgü, ö zellikle kanser öyküsü olmayan kişiler için kullanıl maması gibi özelliklerinden ötürü u ygulama kapsamları sınırlıdır . Toplumda kanser korkusunu kanser korkusunun çok boyutlu yapısını göz önüne alarak ölçebilecek, sistematik, kapsamlı Türkçe bir ölçüm aracı bilgimiz dahilinde bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Feng ve ark. Tarafından 2022 yılında Çin de geliştirilen 17 maddelik Kanser Korkusu Ölçe ğini Türkçeye uyarlamak ve psikometrik özelliklerinin belirlenme k bu çalışmanın amacıdır Bu metodolojik araştırma, 16 Ekim 30 Kasım 2024 tarihleri arasında Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi'nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın evrenini, belirtilen tarihler arasında hastaneye başvuran 18 yaş üstü bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin uyarlaması için gerekli minimum ör neklem büyüklüğü 170 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Katılımcılar, hastanenin 14 farklı bekleme salonunda hem sabah hem de öğleden sonra olmak üzere, olasılıklı olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden amaçlı örnekleme ile seçilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, sosyodemog rafik özellikler ve kanserle ilgili bilgiler, Kanser Korkusu Ölçeği, Kanser Kaygı Ölçeği ve Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu 7 (YAB 7) Testi'ni içeren toplamda 46 soruluk bir anket kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması için, çeviri geri çeviri tekniği ku llanılmış ve iki bağımsız çevirmen, uzman komitesi ve ölçeği geliştiren araştırmacı dahil olmak üzere titiz bir süreç izlenmiştir. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Hastanesi'nde 15 kişilik bir grupla ön uygulama yapılarak ölçeğin anlaşılabilirliği ve uygulama süresi değerlendirilmiş ve gerekli düzeltmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, ölçeğin geçerliliğini değerlendirmek için kapsam geçerliliği (Davis tekniği), yapı geçerliliği (D oğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ), yakınsak geçerlilik (AVE ve CR), ıraksak xiii geçerlilik (HTMT), eşzamageçerlilik (HTMT), eşzamanlı geçerlilik ve hipotez testine dayalı yapı geçerliliği nlı geçerlilik ve hipotez testine dayalı yapı geçerliliği kullanılmıştır. Güvenilirlik analizi için ise, Cronbach alfa, McDonaldkullanılmıştır. Güvenilirlik analizi için ise, Cronbach alfa, McDonald’’s Omega, madde s Omega, madde toplam korelasyonu, grup karşılaştırma yöntemi, testtoplam korelasyonu, grup karşılaştırma yöntemi, test--tekrar test ve sınıf içi korelasyon tekrar test ve sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı (ICC) hesaplakatsayısı (ICC) hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde nmıştır. Verilerin analizinde R yazılımının 4.4.2 sürümü R yazılımının 4.4.2 sürümü kullanılmıştır.kullanılmıştır. p değerinin 0,05'ten küçük olması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul p değerinin 0,05'ten küçük olması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştiredilmiştir.. Bu çalışma 1195 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. 6 katılımcının anket Bu çalışma 1195 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. 6 katılımcının anket verilerindeki eksiklikler ve verilerindeki eksiklikler ve 15 katılımcının pilot çalışma verileri olması nedeniyle 15 katılımcının pilot çalışma verileri olması nedeniyle toplamda 21 katılımcı çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Veri analizi sırasında 61 katılımcının toplamda 21 katılımcı çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Veri analizi sırasında 61 katılımcının kanser öyküsü olması nedeniyle dışlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak 1174 katılımcının verileri kanser öyküsü olması nedeniyle dışlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak 1174 katılımcının verileri analizde kullanılmıştıranalizde kullanılmıştır.. Katılımcıların Katılımcıların yaş ortalamasının 36yaş ortalamasının 36,00,00±14±14,00,00 yıl olduğu, yıl olduğu, katılımcıların %54,1katılımcıların %54,100'inin kadın olduğu ve %57,3'inin kadın olduğu ve %57,300'ü yaşına uygun tüm kanser 'ü yaşına uygun tüm kanser taramalarını yaptırmayı düşündüğünü belirtmiştirtaramalarını yaptırmayı düşündüğünü belirtmiştir.. Kanser Kaygı Ölçeği toplam puan Kanser Kaygı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 15,38±5,05, Yaygın Anksiyete Bortalaması 15,38±5,05, Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğuozukluğu--7 Testi toplam puan ortalaması 7 Testi toplam puan ortalaması 6,86,800±5,49 ve Kanser Korkusu Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 33,06±13,56 olarak ±5,49 ve Kanser Korkusu Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 33,06±13,56 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre ubulunmuştur. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre uyum indekslerininyum indekslerinin iyi veya iyi veya mükemmel mükemmel düzeydedüzeyde ((CFI =0CFI =0,,972, TLI =0972, TLI =0,,966, NNFI =0966, NNFI =0,,966, 966, RMSEA =0RMSEA =0,,08 08 SRMR=0SRMR=0,,074, NFI=0,968 GFI = 0074, NFI=0,968 GFI = 0,,990990 ve AGFI = 0ve AGFI = 0,,983983) ) olduğuolduğu veve orijinal orijinal 2 2 faktörlü faktörlü yapıyapının nın doğruladoğrulanndığı dığı gösterilmiştir.gösterilmiştir. Kanser Kaygı Ölçeği ve Kanser Korku Ölçeği Kanser Kaygı Ölçeği ve Kanser Korku Ölçeği arasındaarasında anlamlı ve orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r = 0,599, anlamlı ve orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r = 0,599, p 0,001p 0,001)). . Kanser Korku Ölçeği ve Yaygın AnksiyeteKanser Korku Ölçeği ve Yaygın Anksiyete--7 testi arasında 7 testi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ancak düşük düzeyde bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir ancak düşük düzeyde bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (r = 0,29(r = 0,2900, p 0,001, p 0,001.. Kanser Kanser Korku ÖlçeğininKorku Ölçeğinin hipotez geçerliliği ve eşzaman geçerliliğinhipotez geçerliliği ve eşzaman geçerliliğininin sağlandığı görülmüştür.sağlandığı görülmüştür. Kanser Korkusu Ölçeğinin CronbachKanser Korkusu Ölçeğinin Cronbach Alfa katsayısı 0.90 McDonaldAlfa katsayısı 0.90 McDonald’’ss Omega katsayısı Omega katsayısı (ω) 0.91, (ω) 0.91, McDonaldMcDonald’’ın Hiyerarşik Omega katsayısı ın Hiyerarşik Omega katsayısı (ω(ωh) ise h) ise 0,900,90 olarak bulunmuştur. olarak bulunmuştur. Alt faktörlerin sırasıyla Cronbach Alfa katsayısı 0,87 ve 0,83 McDoAlt faktörlerin sırasıyla Cronbach Alfa katsayısı 0,87 ve 0,83 McDonaldnald’’ın Omega ın Omega katsayısı katsayısı (ω) 0,88 (ω) 0,88 ve 0,84 olarak ve 0,84 olarak bulunmuşturbulunmuştur. Test re test güvenirlik katsayısı 0,. Test re test güvenirlik katsayısı 0,8888, ICC değeri ise 0,90 olarak saptamıştır.değeri ise 0,90 olarak saptamıştır. Türkçe Kanser Korkusu Ölçeği geçerli ve Türkçe Kanser Korkusu Ölçeği geçerli ve güvenilirdir.güvenilirdir.Cancer fear is an important issue in public health that awaits solutions in areas such as early diagnosis and screenings, and access to health services. It is important to determine the level of cancer fear in society and identify the factors affecting the level of cancer fear. There are scales in Turkey that are proven to be valid and reliable for cancer fear and are extensively used in the literature. However, despite their high validity and reliability, these tools have limited application scopes due to characteristics such as being specific to a single target cancer type and not being used for individuals without a cancer history. To our knowledge, there is no systematic, comprehensive Turkish measurement tool available to measure cancer fear in society considering the multidimensional structure of cancer fear. The aim of this study is to adapt the 17 item Cancer Fear Scale developed by Feng et al. in 2022 in China to Turkish and to determine its psychometric properties. This methodological research was c onducted at Pamukkale University Medical Faculty Hospital between October 16 and November 30, 2024. The population of the study consisted of individuals over the age of 18 who applied to the hospital during the specified dates. The minimum sample size requ ired for the adaptation of the scale was calculated as 170. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, one of the non probability sampling methods, in 14 different waiting rooms of the hospital in both the morning and afternoon. As a data collect ion tool, a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and information about cancer, the Cancer Fear Scale, the Cancer Anxiety Scale, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD 7) Test, totaling 46 questions, was used. For the adaptation of the scale into Turkish, a rigorous process including translation back translation technique with two independent translators, an expert committee, and the researcher who developed the scale was followed. A pilot test was conducted with a group of 15 people at Pamukkale University Hospital to evaluate the comprehensibility and application time of the scale, and necessary corrections were made. In the study, to evaluate the validity of the scale, content validity (Davis technique), construct xv validity (Confirmvalidity (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), convergent validity (AVE and CR), divergent atory Factor Analysis), convergent validity (AVE and CR), divergent validity (HTMT), concurrent validity, and hypothesisvalidity (HTMT), concurrent validity, and hypothesis--based construct validity were based construct validity were used. For reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega, itemused. For reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega, item--total total correlation, group comparicorrelation, group comparison method, testson method, test--retest, and intraretest, and intra--class correlation class correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. The R software version 4.4.2 was used for data coefficient (ICC) were calculated. The R software version 4.4.2 was used for data analysis. A panalysis. A p--value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. This study value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. This study was conducted with 1195 particwas conducted with 1195 participants. Due to missing data in the survey responses of ipants. Due to missing data in the survey responses of 6 participants and pilot study data for 15 participants, a total of 21 participants were 6 participants and pilot study data for 15 participants, a total of 21 participants were excluded from the study. During data analysis, 61 participants with a history of cancer excluded from the study. During data analysis, 61 participants with a history of cancer were excluded. Consequenwere excluded. Consequently, the data of 1174 participants were used in the analysis. tly, the data of 1174 participants were used in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was found to be 36The mean age of the participants was found to be 36,,00±1400±14,,00 years, 5400 years, 54,,10% of the 10% of the participants were women, and 57participants were women, and 57,,30% stated that they intended to undergo all age30% stated that they intended to undergo all age--appropriate cancer screenings. appropriate cancer screenings. The mean total score of the Cancer Anxiety Scale was The mean total score of the Cancer Anxiety Scale was found to be 15found to be 15,,38±538±5,,05, the mean total score of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder05, the mean total score of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder--7 7 Test was 6Test was 6,,80±580±5,,49, and the mean total score of the Cancer Fear Scale was 49, and the mean total score of the Cancer Fear Scale was 3333,,06±1306±13,,56. According to the confirmatory fac56. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, it was shown that the fit tor analysis, it was shown that the fit indices were at a good or excellent level (CFI =0indices were at a good or excellent level (CFI =0,,972, TLI =0972, TLI =0,,966, NNFI =0966, NNFI =0,,966, 966, RMSEA =0RMSEA =0,,08 SRMR=008 SRMR=0,,074, NFI=0074, NFI=0,,968 GFI = 0968 GFI = 0,,990 and AGFI = 0990 and AGFI = 0,,983) and the 983) and the original 2original 2--factor structure was confirmed. A significant and modfactor structure was confirmed. A significant and moderate positive erate positive correlation was found between the Cancer Anxiety Scale and the Cancer Fear Scale (r correlation was found between the Cancer Anxiety Scale and the Cancer Fear Scale (r = 0= 0,,599, p 0.001). A statistically significant but low599, p 0.001). A statistically significant but low--level correlation was found level correlation was found between the Cancer Fear Scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorderbetween the Cancer Fear Scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder--7 Test7 Test (r = 0(r = 0,,290, 290, p 0.001). It was observed that the Cancer Fear Scale met the hypothesis validity and p 0.001). It was observed that the Cancer Fear Scale met the hypothesis validity and concurrent validity. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the Cancer Fear Scale was concurrent validity. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the Cancer Fear Scale was found to be 0found to be 0,,90, the McDonald's Omega coefficient 90, the McDonald's Omega coefficient (ω) (ω) was 0was 0,,91, and McDonal91, and McDonald's d's Hierarchical Omega coefficient Hierarchical Omega coefficient (ω(ωh) was 0h) was 0,,90. The Cronbach Alpha coefficients of 90. The Cronbach Alpha coefficients of the subthe sub--factors were found to be 0factors were found to be 0,,87 and 087 and 0,,83, and McDonald's Omega coefficients 83, and McDonald's Omega coefficients (ω) (ω) were 0were 0,,88 and 088 and 0,,84, respectively. The test84, respectively. The test--retest reliability coefficient was found retest reliability coefficient was found tto be 0o be 0,,88, and the ICC value was 088, and the ICC value was 0,,90. The Turkish Cancer Fear Scale is valid and 90. The Turkish Cancer Fear Scale is valid and reliable.reliable

Sustainable Production of Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Textile Waste Using Hcl and Naoh/Urea Treatment

Bio-nanomaterials are gaining increasing attention due to their renewable and eco-friendly characteristics. Among these, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) stands out as one of the most advanced materials for applications in food, healthcare, composite production, and beyond. In this study, NCC was successfully extracted from cotton-based textile waste using a combination of chemical and mechanical methods. The cellulose fibers were first hydrolyzed using a dilute HCl solution, neutralized, and then dried, resulting in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with diameters ranging from 7 to 15 mu m and lengths up to 300 mu m (as observed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, SEM). To achieve nanoscale dimensions, NaOH/urea solution with mechanical treatment was applied, resulting in the successful extraction of NCC in the supernatant, particularly under room-temperature conditions. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed the presence of nanostructures (average sizes ranging from 120 nm to 750 nm), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis verified the nanoscale range (diameters between 2 and 4 nm and lengths from 200 nm to 1 mu m). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II, confirming the successful transformation into NCC. For the first time, NCC was obtained from undyed cotton textile wastes using NaOH/urea treatment after HCl hydrolysis, eliminating the need for pre-treatment and intermediate steps.TUBITAK-2219 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program [1059B192300439, TUBITAK-2219]; International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship ProgramThis study was carried out within the scope of the study titled "Investigation of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA Matrix Biocomposites Reinforced with Micro and Nanocrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Waste Textile Products-1059B192300439" funded by the TUBITAK-2219 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program