Developing a compartmental model of human vitamin B-6 metabolism which accommodates changes

Our goal has been to develop a compartmental model of vitamin B-6 metabolism which can respond appropriately to a variety of conditions using data from the literature. Modeling vitamin B-6 metabolism is challenging because vitamin B-6 is interconverted between 7 common forms: pyridoxine, pyridoxine 5\u27-phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxal 5\u27-phosphate, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5\u27-phosphate and 4-pyridoxic acid. In addition, in humans 5-pyridoxic acid becomes a significant metabolite with high vitamin B-6 intakes. Development of the model utilized the Simulation, Analysis and Modeling (SAAM) software originally developed at NIH and now available as WinSAAM(http://www.winsaam.org/) and SAAM II (https://tegvirginia.com/solutions/saam-ii/). The model is designed to achieve a steady state before changes are introduced. We found that several characteristics were required in the model. Because plasma values fluctuate with meal intake, the model needed to reflect meal intake. Because experimental data reveals flushing effects, at least some pool sizes must have limits to generate flushing. Because reducing intake has limited effect on the vitamin B-6 content of muscle, which accounts for about 70% of the body pool, there must be a mechanism to conserve vitamin B-6. Models provide a method of simulating various situations. In the case of vitamin B-6 this model can be used to estimate turnover rates, the effect of changes in intake on body pools, and the role of erythrocytes in vitamin B-6 metabolism. The model can also be used to determine optimal sampling times for proposed experiments. It can easily be updated as new data become available. We are still working to improve the fit of the model to various data sets. We also hope to add more data on circulation and additional tissues

The Effect of Endosymbiont Arsenophonus on The Population Size of Soybean aphids (Aphis glycines) on Drought-Stressed Soybean Plants

http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2017/1062/thumbnail.jp

Humanistic Experiential Methodologies as Design Mechanism

This paper discusses the Humanistic Revolution, promoting individual aesthetic with phenomenology and experiential fusion at its core, offering insight into experientiality, phenomenology, and the power of the handmade

Continuous Solutions of Nonlinear Cauchy-Riemann equations and Pseudoholomorphic Curves in Normal Coordinates

We establish elliptic regularity for nonlinear inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations under minimal assumptions, and give a counterexample in a borderline case. In some cases where the inhomogeneous term has a separable factorization, the solution set can be explicitly calculated. The methods also give local parametric formulas for pseudoholomorphic curves with respect to some continuous almost complex structures

The Ambiguous Effect of Population Size on the Prevalence of Terrorism,

Absolute population size has been proposed as one factor that encourages terrorism since large states have more difficulty maintaining security. More populous states suffer from more terrorism because they have more people, but the relationship disappears when per capita measures of terrorism are used. There are some indications that smaller states are more secure, but the evidence is not consistently present

Social Network Behavior and Romantic Relationships: A Across-lagged Panel Analysis

A longitudinal study examines the correlation between social networking behaviors and romantic relationship variables. Rather than being harmful to relationships, analysis indicates that most behaviors are reflections of the relationship’s current state. Flirtation and public praise are exceptions, with the former diminishing relationships, and the latter enhancing