National Museum of Ethnology Repository

王,  應麟

オウ, オウリン

繪圖三字經

Karmay,  Samten G.

Introduction言語: English出版者: 公開日: 2009-04-28キーワード (Ja): キーワード (En): 作成者: Karmay,  Samten G.メールアドレス: 所属: メタデータhttp://hdl.handle.net/10502/00008534URLIntroduction Samten G Kannay This lexicographic work contains terms described as being of Zhangzhung origin in the texts of the Bon tradition alongside Tibetan terms that have a specific meaning in the context of Bon religious texts. It is the first time that such an attempt to collect them has ever been made. The terms are collected from only a few texts regarded as authoritative, and by no means can the present work be considered as exhaustive even within the texts from which the terms are collected. The present work is simply a tentative start, because the Bon literature is so vast that it would take at least decades to make a complete and thorough review of all the terms to be entered. The question may be asked why it is so necessary to do this work in the first place as there are a number of dictionaries that already exist such as that of H. A. Jiischke (Tibetan-English Dictionary, Kegan Paul, London 1881 and subsequent reprints) and Sarat Chandra Das (Tibetan-English Dictionary, Calcutta 1902 and subsequent reprints) not to mention the most recent major works like the Bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo (Mi rigs dpe skrun khang 1993 and subsequent reprints). To answer this question we need to look further afield. It is only in recent years that linguists began to take an interest in the Zhangzhung language and this again is only a beginning. Furthermore, there has been some work on the language, but there has never been a systematic and reliable endeavour to index the Zhangzhung terms apart from the work by Zhu Nyi rna grags pa, a Bonpo scholar of an unknown date, whose short work was worked on by Erick Haarh (The Zhang-zhung Language: A Grammar and Dictionary of the Unexplored Language of the Tibetan Bonpos, Acta Jutlandica, XL:l, 1-43 [Humanistisk Serie, 47]. This work was followed by Dan Martin: The Zhang zhung Dictionary; electronic edition at zhangzhungstudies@yahoogroups.com). As for the Bon terms all scholars know that no sooner than they open a Bon text they stumble over an unknown vocabulary which makes the existing dictionaries mentioned above either entirely useless or involve present a term wrongly defined. It is not so hard to know why this situation has arisen. The early lexicographers such as Jiischke simply had no access to Bon texts. Das seems to have consulted some Bon texts, but his definitions fall into the category which I will now describe. The compilers of the Bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo, whose project was sponsored by the Chinese state and is relatively complete to a very high degree, were mostly Tibetan Buddhist-orientated scholars. It is no wonder then that they had simply shut their eyes to the existence of the Bon literature. Their perception of Tibetan vocabulary is mainly viewed from the Buddhist angle. They therefore naturally attempted perhaps unconsciously to define even indigenous terms with an indic interpretation. For example, the word smrang is defined as rig byed dam ngag skad, "veda or word". In the indigenous literature it III simply means "archetypal myth". The indigenous tenn bla whose meaning can only be given as "soul" is strangely interpreted as dkar rtsis las bshad pa 'i srog rten, "the support of life as given in astrology" . In view of this incongruous situation it is necessary to have a separate lexicological work for the tenns of Zhangzhung origin which are extensively used in Bon texts and the Tibetan tenns that have been entered, but without regard for their Bon context meaning and the majority of specifically Bon tenns that have never been entered at all in the existing dictionaries. When the editors put forward the idea of the present project to Yen. bsTan pa g-yung drung, the Abbot of Khri brtan nor bu rtse (Triten Norbutse) Monastery in Kathmandu, he readily agreed with us and began to appoint those of his monks who would be eligible for collaboration on the project. At the beginning four monks were selected thought to be suitable for the job. However, one of them soon dropped out, but the remaining three steadfastly adhered to the project. They were sPa sar Tshul khrims bstan 'dzin (b. 1968), the abbot of the sGrub grva section of the monastery, dGe bshes Ga tsha Blo gros rab gsal (b.1971) and dGe bshes sPyang ru Khri gtsug mam dag nyi rna (b. 1971 ). These monk scholars have had no experience in lexicographic work, but all the three are highly versed in Bon texts and are the sort of people needed for such a project. However, when one comes to think of defining a tenn, it is altogether a different matter. Nevertheless, they quickly grasped the importance of the work they had undertaken and made strenuous efforts throughout the whole work to stick as faithfully as they could to the traditional understanding of each tenn. Each monk undertook the reading of a certain number of texts to collect the tenns and had periodic meetings at which each presented what he had collected and the definitions given to them. Every word and its definition in Tibetan was therefore jointly discussed among the three and then, only then, were the tenns and their definitions kept when all three had agreed upon the selection of the tenn with its appropriate definition. The three compilers are therefore jointly responsible for whether the definitions are correct and accurate. It is earnestly hoped that this lexicographic work will be followed by Bonpo monk scholars in the future either for improvement or extension by consulting more texts or both, because as stated earlier, the present work is far from complete. Only about 16 texts were touched upon and the collection of tenns from these texts had to be done within limits of time and resources. To publish the lexicon without an English translation of the definitions in Tibetan would have been a drawback. The editors therefore greatly appreciate Dr Heather Stoddard, Professor at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, Paris, for the superb and reassuring English translation. Although the definitions of terms given in Tibetan were purposely kept short and to the point, the translator has taken the iv trouble to give a variety of choices in English. When there were cases whose meanings were unclear or too vague she personally consulted Geshe sPang ru Khri gtsug mam dag nyi rna and made sure what she had translated agreed with the definitions given in Tibetan. v 

English

Introduction

Yagi, Yuriko

八木, 百合子

ヤギ, ユリコ

SES no.111; PREFACE言語: es出版者: 国立民族学博物館公開日: 2022-07-12キーワード (Ja): キーワード (En): 作成者: 八木, 百合子メールアドレス: 所属: メタデータhttp://hdl.handle.net/10502/00009941URLiPREFACIOLos trabajos incluidos en este volumen han sido presentados en el simposio internacional titulado “50 años de Antropología Japonesa en el Sur de los Andes: Recorridos, Etnografías y Valoración Cultural”, evento que se llevó a cabo en noviembre de 2019 en el Museo Histórico Regional del Cusco, Casa Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Este simposio fue programado en el marco de los eventos conmemorativos de los 120 años de la migración japonesa al Perú, como celebratorio de la amistad entre ambas naciones, con la finalidad de mostrar el alcance de los trabajos antropológicos japoneses tanto a los investigadores académicos como a las personas que se residen en tales regiones. Durante la semana en que tuvo lugar dicho evento, también se realizaron exposiciones fotográfícas y audiovisuales bajo el título “Etnografía Andina: Colección Fotográfica de Antropólogos Japoneses 1960s–1980s”, en una sala del Centro de Convenciones de la Municipalidad de Cusco. Fue una oportunidad que hizo posible presentar las imágenes fotográficas captadas especialmente en las regiones de Cusco, Apurímac y Ayacucho, desde la década de 1960 a la de 1980, y las mismas fueron presentadas para su proyección en pantallas y exhibición en paneles y álbumes. Gracias a la ayuda de nuestros colaboradores, estos eventos han sido fructíferos, contando con la participación de autoridades, investigadores, representantes de las instituciones relacionadas con los estudios realizados, alumnos universitarios y público en general. Presento aquí nuestro agradecimiento a las instituciones que han hecho posible estos eventos celebratorios, muy particularmente a la Dirección Desconcentrada del Ministerio de la Cultura del Cusco, y a la Municipalidad Provincial del Cusco, que facilitó los locales donde se realizaron estas actividades; y también quisiera agradecer al Arzobispado del Cusco su valioso patrocinio. Asimismo, la realización de estos eventos fue posible gracias a la Agencia de Cultura del Gobierno del Japón (Bunkacho). En este año conmemorativo, con el patrocinio de Bunkacho se llevaron a cabo actividades académico - culturales en distintos lugares como Lima, Cajamarca, Cusco, Nasca, y Tokio, las cuales fueron programadas también en recuerdo de los sesenta años de la Expedición Científica de la Universidad de Tokio a los Andes, que tuvo lugar en 1958. Doy las gracias al coordinador principal de estos programas, el profesor Yuji Seki, subdirector del Museo Nacional de Etnología, por darnos la oportunidad de organizar un evento sobre el tema de estudio etnológico andino. De igual manera, manifiesto mi agradecimiento a los profesores del Museo Nacional de Etnología, quienes han hecho posible concretar la publicación de nuestros estudios en este volumen. Finalmente, quisiera dejar constancia de nuestra gratitud a los distinguidos antropólogos peruanos Dr. Jorge Flores Ochoa, y Dr. Ricardo Valderrama, quienes han tenido un vínculo amistoso con los investigadores japoneses, con quienes compartieron un valioso tiempo de trabajo y de discusión antropológica. Tras la culminación de los Yuriko Yagiiievenos en los que se pudo contar con su presencia, hemos recibido la noticia lamentable de que tuvieron que partir como víctimas de la pandemia, dolorosa ausencia que honramos en estas líneas. Noviembre del 2021Yuriko YagiMuseo Nacional de Etnología

Spanish

SES no.111; PREFACE

Japanese

Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology Vol. 40 No. 2; Cover, Contents,and others

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繪圖三字經

Introduction

SES no.111; PREFACE

Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology Vol. 40 No. 2; Cover, Contents,and others

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