Data Poisoning: A New Threat to Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption is rapidly being deployed in a number of fields, from banking and finance to healthcare, robotics, transportation, military, e-commerce and social networks. Grand View Research estimates that the global AI market was worth 93.5 billion in 2021 and that it will increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 38.1% from 2022 to 2030. According to a 2020 MIT Sloan Management survey, 87% of multinational corporations believe that AI technology will provide a competitive edge. Artificial Intelligence relies heavily on datasets to train its models. The more data, the better it learns and predicts. However, the downside to AI is data, data that can be manipulated or poisoned. A new type of threat is emerging, and that threat is data poisoning. Data Poisoning is challenging and time consuming to spot and when it is discovered, the damage is already extensive. Unlike traditional attack that is caused by errors found in code, this new threat is attacking the AI training data used in its algorithm. Data is now being weaponized. It requires minimal effort but can cause substantial damages. It only takes 1-3% of data to be poisoned to severely diminish an AI’s ability to produce accurate predictions

A new strategic approach for R&D project portfolio selection using efficiency-uncertainty maps

Purpose: New business practices and the globalization of markets force firms to take innovation as the fundamental pillar of their competitive strategy. Research and Development (R&D) plays a vital role in innovation. As technology advances and product life cycles become shorter, firms rely on R&D as a strategy to invigorate innovation. R&D project portfolio selection is a complex and challenging task. Despite the management\u27s efforts to implement the best project portfolio selection practices, many projects continue to fail or miss their target. The problem is that selecting R&D projects requires a deep understanding of strategic vision and technical capabilities. However, many decision-makers lack technological insight or strategic vision. This article aims to provide a method to capitalize on the expertise of R&D professionals to assist managers in making informed and effective decisions. It also provides a framework for aligning the portfolio of R&D projects with the organizational vision and mission. Design/methodology/approach: This article proposes a new strategic approach for R&D project portfolio selection using efficiency-uncertainty maps. Findings: The proposed strategy plane helps decision-makers align R&D project portfolios with their strategies to combine a strategic view and numerical analysis in this research. The proposed strategy plane consists of four areas: Exploitation Zone, Challenge Zone, Desperation Zone and Discretion Zone. Mapping the project into this strategic plane would help decision-makers align their project portfolio according to the corporate perspectives. Originality/value: The new approach combines the efficiency and uncertainty dimensions in portfolio selection into an integrated framework that: (i) provides a complete representation of the stochastic decision-making processes, (ii) models the endogenous uncertainty inherent in the project selection process and (iii) proposes a computationally practical and visually unique solution procedure for classifying desirable and undesirable R&D projects

Does Mentoring Work with High‑Risk Adult Probationers?: The Implementation and Outcomes of an Adult Mentoring Court

While some programs for justice system-involved adults have included mentoring as one of many different program components, a problem-solving court known as the MENTOR (Mentors Empowering Now to Overcome Recidivism) program was recently the first known program to center mentoring as the primary program component. Evaluation results suggested that program participants experienced a high quantity and quality of mentoring and case management. Using a quasi-experimental research design with a matched comparison group, outcome evaluation results revealed that the program was associated with a significant reduction in probation revocations, a marginally significant reduction in new arrests, and no significant effects on employment outcomes in the 12-month study period

Hypercasual and Hybrid-Casual Video Gaming: A Digital Leisure Perspective

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of hypercasual and hybrid-casual video gaming and their influence on digital leisure. Existing sport and leisure scholarship on video gaming has focused primarily on competitive video gaming, namely esports. However, among the most popular competitive video games are simple and easy to play titles – hypercasual and hybrid-casual games. In this conceptual article, a digital leisure perspective is used to examine hypercasual and hybrid-casual gaming. To address the study’s purpose, the growth, gameplay, and consumption practices of hypercasual and hybrid-casual games are outlined. The current article supports that the intuitive nature and design of these games increases their appeal and adoption, particularly by those marginalized by the digital divide. Hypercasual and hybrid-casual video games reflect trends in digital leisure activities, including participant preferences favoring simplicity over sophistication, providing a novel perspective in contrast to increasingly complex forms of digital leisure

Evidence-Based Educational Modules on the Safe Delivery of Anesthesia in MRI Suites

Few citations were located on the formal education on MRI patient safety for anesthesia providers administering anesthesia services in MRI suites. Consequently, patients and staff may be at risk for injury or death during MRI procedures and health care institutions can be threatened with financial loss secondary to legal exposure, equipment damage and resultant morbidity and mortality associated with MRI patient safety events. This doctoral project will create three evidence-based continuing education modules to educate anesthesia providers on the operation of the MRI unit, potential MRI associated risks and complications, and specific anesthesia considerations for providers assigned to the MRI suite for procedural care. Safety threats and injuries are confirmed in the literature and include the creation of projectiles within the MRI suite, patient burns, and death within the MRI unit itself. Integrating the three newly created evidence-based educational modules into health care quality improvement programs and required employee annual training events could improve provider preparedness and patient safety in the MRI suite

The Negative Economic Impacts of Money Laundering in Kenya, Thailand and France

Cybercrime has grown exponentially around the world due to consistently changing technology and the craftiness of cybercriminals often outpacing that of security officers. In the past three decades, cybercrime has been expedited and globally expanded due to the accumulated experience of these criminals, who take advantage of the new found black market, cryptocurrency, and other operations. According to a report published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies titled, “Economic Impact of Cybercrime,” it was found that, “close to $600 billion, nearly one percent of global GDP, is lost to cybercrime each year” (2018). Unfortunately, this number will only continue to increase in the upcoming decades due to the progressiveness of technologies and other digital currencies. This is a global phenomenon and with the anticipation of these numbers rising, countries all over the world will need to be prepared for the impacts of the crime. This crime poses significant social and economic problems that will impact each country differently depending on many different factors. One of these problems is the connection between cybercrime and money laundering. This paper will address the economic impacts of these cybercrimes, specifically money laundering, and in a way that is symbolic to the rest of the world, examine the negative economic impacts of cybercrime-centric money laundering in Kenya, Thailand and France. Money laundering has been around for decades, as a clandestine white-collar crime that has significant social consequences as well as economic consequences for every country affected. According to the article titled, “Money Laundering: Concept, Significance and its Impact,” money laundering is officially the “process by which large amount of illegally obtained money (from drug trafficking, terrorist activity or other serious crimes) is given the appearance of having originated from the legitimate source” (Kumar, 2012). Essentially, similar to the process of washing or laundering clothes, these criminals are attempting to clean up their dirty money, as well as cover up where they actually received the specific source of income. This laborious process conceals the crime from authorities and officials who could potentially observe and flag them for the associated crimes