Estrategias publicitarias alternativas dirigidas a los jóvenes en España: análisis de casos en revistas

En la actualidad los jóvenes se presentan como un colectivo complejo y difícil de seducir, por diferentes motivos, en consecuencia se exige que las estrategias publicitarias diseñadas para captar su atención y lograr la eficacia buscada, tengan que valerse de recursos distintos de los habituales. Entre estos recursos, uno que ha ganado importancia en los últimos años es el de la utilización de “lo alternativo”, entendiendo este como el empleo de personajes, mensajes y escenarios distintos de lo habitual y, en muchas ocasiones, rozando lo transgresor, lo polémico o lo incorrecto. Para ello hemos realizado un análisis de casos centrado en el medio revistas en España. Para intentar cono-cer cuáles son esas nuevas estrategias, se ha realizado un amplio trabajo de campo que toma como base las revistas, cuyos principales resultados son los que se presentan en este artículo.For many reasons, today’s teenagers are seen as one of the most difficult and complex advertising targets. The design of advertising strategies has, therefore, changed drastically in order to capture the attention of this public. Among those new resources, one may include the use of “alternative style”, in other words, everything other than the usual strategy applied to characters, messages and scenarios and, in many instances, near transgression. A case analysis has been carried out considering magazines in Spain. The study seeks to unravel those new strategies based on a thorough investigation of that medium.Na atualidade, os jovens apresentam-se como um coletivo complexo, de difícil sedução, por motivos distintos, em conseqüência exige-se que as estratégias publicitárias formuladas para cativar a sua atenção e atingir a eficácia desejada tenham que se valer de recursos diferentes dos habituais. Entre estes recursos um que tem ganhado importância nos últimos anos é o da utilização de “o alternativo”, percebendo-se este como exemplo de personagens, mensagens e cenários diferentes do usual e, muitas vezes, tangenciando a transgressão, a polêmica ou a incorreção. Para tanto, nossa análise concentra-se nos casos tirados de revistas espanholas. Para tentar conhecer quais são as novas estratégias, realizou-se um grande trabalho de campo com base nas revistas, cujos principais resultados são os que se apresentam neste artigo

Pelargonic acid’s interaction with the auxin transporter PIN1: A potential mechanism behind its phytotoxic effects on plant metabolism

Pelargonic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in several organisms, that is known for its phytotoxic effect and its use as bioherbicide for sustainable weed management. Although PA is already commercialised as bioherbicide, its molecular targets and mode of action is unknown according to the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. Therefore, the aim of this work was focusing on the way this natural active substance impacts the plant metabolism of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. PA caused increase of secondary and adventitious roots, as well as torsion, loss of gravitropism and phytotoxic effects. Moreover, PA altered the cellular arrangement and the PIN proteins activity. Computational simulations revealed that the intermolecular interactions between PA and the polar auxin transporter protein PIN1 are very similar to those established between the natural auxin IAA and PIN1. However, under intracellular conditions, the PA-PIN1 binding is more energetically stable than the IAA-PIN1. These results suggest that PA could act as an auxin-mimics bioherbicide. The exogenous application of PA would be responsible for the alterations observed both at structural and ultrastructural levels, which would be caused by the alteration on the transport of auxins into the plant, inducing root inhibition and ultimately total stop of root growth.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018–094716-B-I00Universidade de Vig

The outdated public management function in Spain and its relationship to a common regulatory framework?

La Dirección Pública es una de las áreas de la gestión pública española menos evolucionada, siendo infructuosos o ineficaces los intentos emprendidos por profesionalizar dicha función. Esta deficiencia cobra mayor importancia si cabe en un momento como el actual presidido por la búsqueda de la transparencia, la cercanía al ciudadano y la mejora en la calidad de la acción pública. En este sentido, el caso español responde a un enfoque multicausal en el que este artículo se fijará en una sola de sus variantes, como es la condicionante de la normativa o la legislación al respecto y su evolución.Se pretende, en definitiva, arrojar luz sobre si la escasa, ambigua o poco coercitiva legislación actual sobre dirección pública puede estar en el trasfondo de la falta de evolución del modelo o al menos constituirse en concausa de dicha falta de evolución. Se indagará especificamente, de forma complementaria, en el hecho de si ha habido o no un compendio legislativo al que pueda denominarse normativa común. La metodología empleada, fundamentalmente cualitativa, se ha basado fundamentalmente en el análisis historico-político así como en un análsis jurídico de las normas principales en la material; cuidando en sobremanera las fuentes que proporcionaban esta información, todas ellas de alto nivel académico.The public direction is one of de areas of the least evolved public management in Spain, being fruitless or ineffective the attempts undertaken for profesionalizing this function. This deficiency receive major importance in a moment as the current one presided by the research of the transparency, the nearness to the citizen and the improvement in the quality of the public action. In this respect, the Spanish case answers to a multicasual approach in which this article will be fixed in alone one of his variants, since it is the determining one of the regulation or the legislation in the matter and his evolution. One tries to throw, definitively, light on if the scanty, ambiguous or slightly coercive current legislation on public direction can be in the background of the lack of evolution of the model or at least to be constituted in concausa of the above mentioned lack of evolution. It will be investigated specifically, of complementary form, in the fact of if it has had or not a legislative compendium to which it could be named a common regulation. The used, fundamentally qualitative methodology, it has been based fundamentally on the historical-political analysis as well as on a juridical análysis of the legislation; taking care in exceedingly the sources that there was providing this information, all of them high-level academician

Control strategy for multiphase drives with minimum losses in the full torque operation range under single open-phase fault

Fault tolerance is an advantageous characteristic of multiphase machines when compared with three-phase ones. During open-phase fault, the current references need to be adapted to provide ripple-free torque. As a consequence of this modification, the postfault phase currents might be larger than the rated current. Such a situation leads to overheating, and to preserve the integrity of the system, some limits are set to the postfault phase currents. Two main strategies have been proposed for the postfault situation: maximum torque (MT) and minimum losses (ML). The MT strategy allows us to obtain the widest torque operation range (TOR) in the postfault situation but does not minimize the stator winding losses; conversely, the ML strategy provides the minimum stator winding losses for each torque value, at the expense of reducing the TOR. Thus, the solutions proposed so far do not achieve minimum stator winding losses in the entire (that of the MT strategy) TOR. This paper presents the full-range minimum losses (FRML) postfault control strategy, which minimizes the losses in the whole TOR, for multiphase machines with sinusoidally distributed windings under single open-phase fault. The FRML strategy is evaluated for different types of machines, phase numbers, and winding arrangements. Experimental results are provided.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. DPI2016-75832Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. BES-2013-06314

Parthenogenetic Ischnura hastata (Say, 1839) is widespread in the Azores islands (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)

Literature and personal information on the distribution ofI. hastata and other odon. spp. in theAzores is reported. /. hastata and I. pumilioare recorded forthe firsttime from the islands ofCorvo and Sao Jorge,respectively. I. hastata appears the most common and abundant sp. and itspopulationis formed by only 9 9 (no 6 S were everrecorded). The asexual reproductionofthese populations was demonstrated by meansof laboratory rearing during several generations.The dispersalability ofthis sp. and the possible origin ofparthenogenesis after its colonisation ofthe Azores are briefly discussed. The possible causes ofthreat are identified and the need for conservation measures is outlined

Association between genetic admixture and morphological patterns in a hybrid zone between the two Iberian vipers, Vipera aspis and V. latastei

Understanding how hybridization influences the morphology and fitness of hybrids is essential for studying adaptive evolution and ecological speciation. Secondary contact zones, where separately evolving populations meet and hybridize, offer valuable insights into the evolutionary processes driving speciation and provide an excellent system to address these questions. In this study, we investigate patterns of morphological and genetic variation of two congeneric viper species, Vipera aspis and V. latastei , across a contact zone in northern Spain (Oja‐Tirón), where vipers with mixed morphology are often detected, but genetic studies addressing hybridization and relating patterns of genetic and morphological admixture are lacking. Using nine morphological traits (scalation and colouration) and 18 microsatellite markers, we (1) estimated the extent of hybridization, (2) morphologically characterized parental species and hybrids, and (3) evaluated the correlation between patterns of genetic and morphological admixture. Analyses revealed a bimodal hybrid zone with high rate of hybridization (22%) and prevalence of late‐generation hybrids (F2 and backcrosses). Morphological analyses differentiated the two parental species, and a positive correlation ( r  = 0.95) was found between morphological and genetic patterns. The hybrid group displayed on average an intermediate morphology between the parentals, yet morphologically intermediate hybrids were rare in our dataset. Instead, most hybrids resembled the parental species with whom they share most of the genetic background. Notably, the hybrid group exhibited greater morphological variation than the parental groups. Traits with adaptative value, such as ventral scales and dorsal marks, showed significant differences between hybrids and the two parental species. Introgression of these traits may confer ecological advantages to hybrids, enhancing local adaptation. Overall, this study reveals a positive correlation between patterns of morphological and genetic variation across a hybrid zone and provides insights into the phenotypic consequences of hybridization on these viper species.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC2019-026959-IAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC2019-026688-IFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. PTDC/BIA-CBI/2278/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. PTDC/BIA-EVL/28090/2017Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDP/50027/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BD/148514/2019Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. DL57/2016/CP1440/CT001

Iron-oxide nanoparticles embedded in 3D-printed PLA/HA scaffolds for magnetic hyperthermia therapy: an experimental–numerical analysis of thermal behavior

Hyperthermia is nowadays intensively investigated as a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy against different types of cancer and resistant infections. In particular, the remote generation of localized hyperthermia by magnetic field through iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) offers good thermal conductivity in a controlled area. The incorporation of these IONPs in 3D-printed scaffolds designed for bone tissue regeneration has been scarcely addressed in the literature. This strategy would add the potential of magnetic-mediated hyperthermia against remnant cancer or resistant infections in the damaged tissue area to these personalized bone-related scaffolds. The present work proposes two methodologies to obtain 3D-printed bone-related scaffolds with magnetic properties: 1-Direct 3D printing with IONPs-embedded polylactic acid (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA), resulting in a uniform distribution of IONPs; and 2-Drop coating on 3D-printed PLA/HA scaffolds, resulting in the IONPs being concentrated on the scaffold surface. Physicochemical/mechanical characterizations were performed to confirm the IONPs’ distributions and viability assays were carried out to validate the absence of cytotoxicity. Hyperthermia tests (314 kHz) were carried out, including the simulation/validation of the experimental equipment, to establish optimal distances from the planar coil. Temperature–time/distance curves were obtained and parametrized (R2 > 0.96) for both methodologies in relation to the contribution of IONPs (0.20–1.00 mg), their distribution in the scaffold (uniform/concentrated), the electric-current intensity, and the distance. The results validated both methodologies to obtain personalized 3D-printed PLA/HA scaffolds with magnetic properties, reaching the required moderate/ablative hyperthermia levels

Age as a determining variable in the practice or abandonment of physical exercise among young people

Background: Numerous studies have reported a gradual decline in the practice of physical exercise with age, confirming high dropout rates in the adolescent period. The aim of this study was to investigate the motivation or barriers that lead to greater or lesser adherence to physical exercise among children and adolescents. Methods: In this study, 1,081 individuals volunteered to participate [239 children (age: 10.89 ± .66 years) and 842 adolescents (age: 14.9 ± 1.75 years)]. For this purpose, we used the Self-Report on Motivation for Exercising (AMPEF) and Self-Report on Barriers to Exercising (ABPEF) questionnaires. Results: The most significant motivational factors in the practice of physical exercise (in both children and adolescents) are competition, social recognition and challenge (t = -16.02, p < .001), prevention and positive health (t = 5.24, p < .001) and affiliation, fun and well-being (t = -19.54, p < .001), while the barriers focus on fatigue and laziness (t = -13.20, p < .001) and body image and physical-social anxiety (t = -5.71, p < .001). It is also observed that adolescents showed significantly higher motivation than children and greater presence of barriers in the practice of physical exercise. Conclusions: The age is a determining variable to include in preventive and intervention programs for the practice of physical exercise.Generalitat Valenciana | Ref. Best/2019/110Universitat de Valènci

La estrategia “Farm to Fork” de la Unión Europea y el camino hacia un marco jurídico de un sistema alimentario sostenible comunitario

[Inicio] La comunidad internacional, científicos, operadores económicos y ciudadanos están preocupados por el empeoramiento de la salud del planeta. Las amenazas tienen muchos aspectos y causas. La adopción de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (en adelante, ODS) por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidad en el año 2015 demostró las múltiples dimensiones de los retos a los que se enfrenta el planeta y que muchos de ellos están interrelacionados. [...

Alongside but separate: Sympatric baleen whales choose different habitat conditions in São Miguel, Azores

Fin whales and sei whales are two migratory baleen whale species sighted every year across the waters of the Azores. Improved understanding of the ecological niche and habitat requirements of these baleen whales is needed to identify persistent or predictable oceanographic events that may set the time of their migration, as well as local or ephemeral oceanographic features that may aggregate their prey in a particular area. In dynamic environments such as the open ocean, mesoscale and submesoscale features can become decisive to determine the distributions of highly mobile species such as baleen whales. In this study, we analyse the habitat preferences of fin whales and sei whales around São Miguel Island (Azores) using environmental variables at different temporal and spatial scales. For both species, model results showed a clear influence of variables linked with primary production and therefore, prey availability; as well as a noticeable preference for oceanographically dynamic areas which directly affect distribution and aggregation of prey. Those environmental choices may indicate different levels of foraging habitat use for both species. Differences were found between the species, highlighting preferences for colder waters in fin whales and areas with stronger sea surface temperature gradients in sei whales. Model results obtained for fin whales were similar with those previously published for blue whales, suggesting that both species make similar use of the waters around São Miguel, often foraging during the migration across these waters. Results for sei whale, however, emphasize dynamic variables, indicating that travelling may prevail over feeding behaviour during their migration by the Azores.Universidade de VigoXunta de Galicia | Ref. PRE/2013/40