The Link between Diabetes and Urinary Tract Infections

People having diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infections are more prevalent, more serious, and have worse consequences. The presence of resistant microbes is a common factor in their occurrence. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are more common in these patients for a variety of reasons, including immune system impairments, poor metabolic control, and incomplete bladder emptying caused by autonomic neuropathy. The present review is an amalgamation of existing literature to understand link between diabetes and UTI and the microorganisms responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI) and colonization in diabetic patients, as well as natural treatments effective in treating and preventing urological problems. For solving the purpose, A review of existing literature on UTIs in diabetic patients was conducted, with a focus on the microorganisms responsible for UTI and colonization, as well as natural treatments for urological problems. It was observed from the literatures that the UTIs are more common in diabetic patients due to impaired immunity and incomplete emptying of the bladder. Symptoms of UTIs are similar in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and prevention depends on the severity and extent of the infection. Antimicrobial resistance is increasing among urinary pathogens, making effective treatment more difficult. Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of infection in both the upper and lower urinary tracts. Natural treatments have shown promise in treating and preventing UTIs in diabetic patients, although more research is needed to confirm their efficacy. It could be concluded that the UTIs are a significant concern for patients with diabetes, who are at a higher risk of infection due to impaired immunity and incomplete bladder emptying. Effective treatment is becoming more challenging due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Natural treatments may offer a promising alternative, but further research is needed to explore their potential benefits for UTIs in diabetic patients. &nbsp

High Energy Foods: Review with Food Technological Perspective

Energy foods have gained a special interest all around the globe due to enhanced consumer awareness about activity-based calorie requirements. Energy-specific foods can be prepared in the form of bars/ fluids by using a combination of various types of ingredients such as cereals, pulses, nuts, and seeds. Energy foods provide concentrated calories specifically required for athletes and military personnel, those involved in high-endurance physical activities. The latter group was deployed in challenging terrains associated with harsh climatic conditions (high altitudes, hot and cold environments). In addition to the harsh climate, the situation worsens with limited accessibility and availability of regular food. Therefore, food and fluid intake will be considerably less, which ultimately disturbs the energy metabolism and health of an individual. The research poses challenges in the development of energy foods for specialised requirements and incorporating the highest energy in the lowest volume of foods. This is because of raw material selections, economics, product palatability and stability (shelf life) in adverse conditions. The high energy content, volume, and stability are suitable factors for using certain products as survival or emergency rations. Indeed, there was a necessity to understand the fate of energy metabolism and its medical implications in different harsh climatic conditions. The present review is a brief discussion about the influence of a challenging environment on nutritional and energy requirements and the significance of different energy foods

Extraction and Formulation of Lip Tint from Natural Dye Extracted from Celosia Cristata Linn Flower

The escalating utilisation of synthetic dyes across diverse industries, including textiles, cosmeceuticals, food, and pharmaceuticals, is projected to witness a notable 6.5 % surge by 2027, notwithstanding the well-documented drawbacks associated with their usage. Synthetic dyes have been linked to adverse effects such as skin irritation, necrosis, genotoxicity, and hyperactivity in children. Acknowledging the imperative need to transition towards safer alternatives, this study investigates the extraction and formulation of a lip tint employing a dye derived from Celosia cristata Linn as a natural substitute for synthetic dyes. The aqueous extraction of Celosia cristata Linn flower unveiled the presence of various phytochemical constituents, including flavonoids, tannins, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, quinones, cellulose, starch, and saponins. Particularly noteworthy is the betalain constituent in the flower extract, which imparts the dye with nutraceutical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The formulated lip tint underwent a comprehensive evaluation encompassing dye stability, spreadability, melting point, skin irritation, surface anomalies, homogeneity, perfume stability, pH, short-term stability, and colorant yield. The study concludes that the lip tint formulated from Celosia cristata Linn dye represents a viable and safe alternative for various cosmeceutical applications, providing a natural solution to the adverse effects associated with synthetic dyes

Harnessing the Power of Seabuckthorn in Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles : Opportunities and Challenges

Nanoparticles (NPs) have extended substantial popularity in everyday care products owing to their unique physicochemical features. However, traditional synthesis routes typically involve dangerous chemicals and high-energy processes that are a threat to the environment and safety. Green synthesis is a sustainable strategy for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis that takes advantage of plant-based reducing agents as substitutes for harsh chemicals. Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) extract is a prime candidate with an excellent list of bioactive compound profile that includes flavonoids, phenolics, and vitamins. Such natural components provide the possibility of using a cleaner, greener, and sustainable route for the formation of nanoparticles. This review paper explores the potential role of Seabuckthorn extract in the green synthesis protocols of NPs (NPs) based on its exceptional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. A critical analysis of the synthesis procedure highlights the benefits of using Seabuckthorn extract over conventional approaches in terms of increased biocompatibility and eco compatibility. In addition, this review discusses the variety of nanoparticles that may be synthesised with Seabuckthorn extract. In addition, we critically evaluate the current research scenario, competition in scaling up the synthesis process, and the directions for enhancing the use of Seabuckthorn extract-mediated nanoparticles in diverse applications. The results highlight the significance of sustainable methods in nanotechnology, opening the door for eco-friendly innovations in personal care products

Wastewater: A Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance - Exploring the Impact on Public Health and the Environment

Human waste carries more than just waste; it houses a hidden world of microorganisms, including some alarming residents: Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB). The overuse of antibiotics in medicine has fueled the rise of these “superbugs” in wastewater, posing a double threat to both human health and the environment. For humans, ARB in wastewater directly translates to infections that are harder to treat with traditional antibiotics. This especially concerns children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Beyond humans, ARB can contaminate water, soil, and food, potentially disrupting ecosystems and harming aquatic life. The impact does not stop there. ARB in agriculture can infect livestock, jeopardizing food safety and productivity. This, in turn, affects tourism, trade, and various other sectors. Confronting this challenge requires a multi-pronged approach. Regular monitoring of water, soil, and food helps identify contamination early. Tracking infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance patterns allows for targeted interventions. Ultimately, effective wastewater treatment and responsible antibiotic use are key to curbing the rise of these superbugs and safeguarding our health and the environment

Isolation and Characterisation of Microorganisms from Rhizospheric Soil of Seabuckthorn from Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand

A plant with significant nutritional and therapeutic value, Seabuckthorn (common name: Badrifal and Family: Elaeagnaceae) is recognised for its abundance of bioactive substances, including vitamins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and vital fatty acids, and possesses various health benefits and has the potential to cure diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Seabuckthorn is a drought-resistant shrub that flourishes in harsh environments, as climate change is a major driver of biodiversity loss. In India, it is primarily found in high altitudes of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), such as Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. In the present study, 9 rhizospheric microorganisms have been isolated from a soil sample of Seabuckthorn from Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. Out of 9 isolates, 4 were fungal isolates, 4 were bacterial isolates, and the remaining 1 was an actinobacteria. Furthermore, isolated microbes were investigated for biochemical tests including, catalase, oxidase, siderophore production and phosphate solubilisation assay. The analysis shows that all isolates (bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria) were positive for catalase and oxidase test. The two fungal isolates (GEU_SBT03 and GEU_SBT04) and two bacterial isolates (GEU_SBT05 and GEU_SBT06) were found positive for siderophore production. In addition, three fungal isolates (GEU_SBT01, GEU_SBT02, and GEU_SBT04) and two bacterial isolates (GEU_SBT05 and GEU_SBT06) showed positive response for phosphate solubilisation. These results conclude that isolated microbes (both bacteria and fungi) from the rhizosphere of Seabuckthorn possess plant growth-promoting activity, which can be further applied as biofertilizers for promoting high yield of Seabuckthorn plant and other biotechnological applications

Prevalence of Cancer in India with Respect to Leukaemia and their Factorial Relations

Cancer is a growing burden on the healthcare system. Leukaemia is one such commonly reported cancer. In the United States, leukaemia is thought to account for roughly 3.5 percent of all cancer cases and 4 percent of cancer-related deaths. The present article examines the responsible factors for leukaemia cases in India. For the study, trends of cancer incidence (new cases per year), death, and DALYs (Disability-adjusted life years) attributable to all cancers combined and distinct kinds of malignancies. DALYs were selected as the primary measure for disease burden because it accounts for both death and morbidity and is recommended by India’s National Health Policy for illness monitoring. The preserved blood samples of prior knowledge of cases were taken for study and analysis. The article highlights the total burden of all cancers in terms of DALYs from 1990 to 2020, followed by incidence and fatalities. Patterns of 10 cancer types that account for the majority of cancer-related and leukaemia DALYs important disparities in cancer distribution between men and females in India have been discussed in the paper. Six more cancer types that are in the top ten most common incident cancers in Indian women and men but are not among the top ten cancers generating the most DALYs are also reported from the study. The age-standardised incidence rate of the major kinds of malignancies like leukaemia showed significant inter-state variability, ranging from 3.3 to 11.6 times for the four most common malignancies (lip and oral, breast, lung, and stomach). Leukaemia CML mortality has been steadily declining over the last 20 years, but AML fatalities have been steadily increasing. In conclusion, total cancer incidence did not rise as quickly as previously anticipated among aging Americans; nonetheless, myeloid leukaemia and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) rates dramatically surpassed those of other malignancies. In this paper, we have given a brief overview of the factors responsible for leukaemia and compared to other cancer cases in India, and a major portion is waited for future research

Effect of Packaging Material on Moisture Migration and Textural Attributes of Bread During Storage

Bread as a commodity is included in the special inventory of Defence Forces, particularly as a morning or evening snack item. The present investigation pertains to the studies on the effect of various packaging materials, e.g. metalized polyester (MP-99.8 µm), low-density polyethylene with lower thickness (LDPE-1-78.33 µm), multi-layer flexible pouches (MLFP-106.2 µm), low-density polyethylene with higher thickness (LDPE-2-125.12 µm), and paper foil polyethylene (PFP-124.6 µm) on textural attributes of bread. Textural properties were significantly influenced by the change in moisture content which was clearly shifted from crumb to crust to the extent varying from -25.89% to +24.90% in LDPE-2; -29.11% to +29.77% in MP; -22.22% to +21.11%; in MLFP; -19.46% to +19.67% in PFP; -20.42% to +20.55% in LDPE-1 at the end of its expected shelf-life i.e. five days. Though overall bread moisture content was not much affected in PFP and MP, the marked difference was primarily observed in the case of bread packed in LDPE-2, LDPE-1, and MLFP. This difference may be attributed to the thickness and permeable properties of the packaging material used for the study. The hardness and resilience of samples depicted opposite trends, respectively, during their storage. The current study gives insight into physicochemical changes occurring in the bread system when  variety commonly practiced packaging materials is used and a perspective strategy for its extended life during varied field conditions.

Commercialisation of Innovations: A Case Study of Liposomal Formulations

Liposomes are the potential drug delivery systems for various therapeutic categories. During the past 60 years, researchers have explored this drug delivery system which has resulted in a large pool of documents in terms of patents and publications. The paper’s objective is to understand why after 60 years of extensive research with more than 50,000 patent documents and 35,000 research publications, only 17 products based on liposomes are commercially available. After detailed analysis, the authors found that the research publications and patent documents are primarily focused on the basic research aspects and have limited participation from the industry. Therefore, in this paper, it has been emphasised how the research projects on liposomes must re-orient its focus so that it leads to the commercialisation of liposomes. This paper also provides a comprehensive analysis of challenges and opportunities for researchers concerning various research areas of liposomes like manufacturing techniques, characterisations, stability, storage, pre-clinical and clinical evaluations, regulatory requirements as well as pharmaco-economic analysis

Person-Situation-Behaviour Triad: Exploring Relationships and Behavioural Consistency

The present paper, a part of a major work in this field, concentrates on exploring the precise relationship of personality and situational elements with behavior. It was also aimed to examine the behavioral consistency across situations. The study was conducted on 200 XIthand XIIth grade students (100 male, 100 female) drawn from various schools of Karnal and Kurukshetra towns in Haryana (India). Participants received the NEO Five Factor Inventory-Revised. The behavior of the participants was observed through a video recording, with their knowledge and consent, in three dyadic experimental situations and then was rated on Riverside Behavioral Q-sort. Although 64 behavioral characteristics were rated on Riverside Behavioral Q-sort, only 34 of them were retained for further analysis in a view of their psychometric properties in the instant study. Results of correlational analysis revealed that personality traits correlated significantly (p<.01) with most of the trait-congruent behaviors. Neuroticism was found correlated with 6 behaviors, Extraversion with 9, Openness with 3, Agreeableness with 6, and Consciousness with 3. Situational dimensions, measured as 8 DIAMONDS, have shown a relatively lower degree of relationship with behaviors in dyadic situations. The data have provided strong evidence for cross-situational consistency in the majority of observed behaviors. The findings of the study were discussed in light of earlier researches in the field and pertinent theoretical models