RETRO MARKETING – A PHENOMENON OF MODERN TIMES

Currently, consumer behaviour is influenced by trends that are clearly noticeable at different levels. Some organizations monitor changes in consumption and, on this basis, point to the general tendencies that are typical of today's consumers. The reason why retro marketing has become increasingly popular in recent years is the linking of the brand and the customer at a deeper, emotional level. It is designed to create a positive emotion that is favourable to the brand as well as to remember its message. The main aim of the paper is to find out, through secondary data and questionnaire research, how the young generation reacts to the elements and effects of retro marketing, compared to the older population, and what differences can be observed in its impact on the sample of male and female respondents. Subsequently according the results, the possibilities of applying a new trend of communication on the food market - retro marketing, also called nostalgia marketing, were suggested. The questionnaire survey was conducted only in the presence of a geographically limited population, namely Slovak customers. This may represent a certain limit to this paper, as the recommendations are proposed in terms of this limitation. It can be removed, if the research is considered to be relevant for the solution and the results achieved are subject to subsequent verification in an international environment. If these barriers were removed, more accurate results could be achieved

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS IN CLIMATE POLICY

Climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time. Climate change can occur as a result of natural processes on Earth (e.g., tectonic motion of continents), as a result of external influences on the planet (e.g., changes in the intensity of solar radiation), or even as a result of human activity (e.g., greenhouse gas production). Human activities have boosted emissions of carbon dioxide, pushing up the temperatures. One potential impact is extreme weather and melting polar ice. There are natural climate fluctuations, but it is a fact that temperatures are growing higher now than at many other periods. This is related to the greenhouse effect which describes how some of the Sun's energy is trapped in the Earth's atmosphere. Solar energy from the Earth's surface, radiating back to space, is absorbed by greenhouse gases and re-emitted in every direction. This present paper discusses the impact of climate change and summarises the role of legal regulations in the process of this major environmental problem

PREPARATION OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN PHARMACIES OF UKRAINE

Preparation of medicinal products according to individual prescriptions in pharmacies is an important component of the pharmaceutical supply of the population. An analysis of the world practice shows that in most foreign countries preparation of medicinal products in pharmacies exists. The study of the state of pharmacy drug manufacturing in Ukraine indicates a decrease in the level of extemporaneous drugs in pharmacies. Over the past 15 years the number of producing pharmacies in Ukraine has decreased more than threefold. But the need of extemporaneous drugs despite the wide range of medicines of industrial production is still relevant, because the preparation of medicinal drugs in pharmacies individual pharmacotherapy of patients, in addition, for some vital drugs there are no analogues in the range of medicines of industrial production. Of course, preparation of medicinal drugs in pharmacies can not replace industrial production, however, pharmacotherapeutic and pharmacoeconomic benefits are significant arguments in favor of the drug technology according to the prescriptions of doctors. Today in Ukraine the number of producing pharmacies does not exceed 1.8 % of the total number of pharmacies. Factors that negatively affect the development of pharmacy manufacturing in Ukraine have been identified. The assortment of extemporaneous drugs in the context of their pharmacological orientation and form of release is described. According to the results of the study, there were proposed the ways for further development and optimization of drug production in pharmacies of Ukraine

INFORMALITY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM IN ALBANIA

The informal sector constitutes a significant part of the economies in developing countries and it is very often stigmatized as unmanageable and troublesome. It has been a major issue for Albania since the early stages of its transition to a market economy. For this reason, integrating the informal economy into the formal sector has become an important policy challenge. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between informality in Albanian enterprises and their size in terms of yearly revenues, exporting opportunities, trainings and to make a deeper analysis of the causes of informality and possible incentives to reduce it. The data, used for this study, are taken from the survey, implemented by the Albanian Investment Council (AIC) on tax audit, VAT reimbursement and informality during the period July-September 30, 2017. Study results reveal that main causes that lead businesses to informality are corruption and high taxes, and that there exists a significant negative relationship between the aforementioned variables. Research findings suggest that informality in the sector can be decreased by improving the ecosystem, in which Albanian enterprises operate through lowering taxes and reviewing taxation policy, training entrepreneurs and providing exporting opportunities to enlarge their market and increase revenues. This study provides distinct contributions that have theoretical implications to ecosystem researchers, as well as practical implications to policymakers and entrepreneurs

INVESTIGATION OF FORMATION OF THE SOCIAL READINESS TO STUDYING AT SCHOOL IN SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH MODERATE INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS

The authors of the paper consider the problem of social formation of senior preschool children with moderate intellectual development disorders as a precondition of studying at school. The problem is solved in the aspect of general favoring social development of this category of children, namely formation of soft-skills in preschool children with intellectual development disorders. The theoretical-analytical work of studying the problem of formation of the social readiness of senior preschool children with moderate intellectual development disorders was based on the diagnostics of the social readiness to studying at school of this category of children and two components in its structure (communicative and social competences), which content includes criteria (cognitive-motivational; behavioral; cognitive; operational), indicators and their levels were determined. The formation of the social readiness of children with moderate intellectual development disorders to studying at school was investigated competence by competence (social and communicative competences), taking into account the comparative principle by juxtaposing their results with ones of children with light intellectual development disorders. There was empirically revealed the low formation level of the social readiness of senior preschool children with moderate intellectual development disorders that is conditioned by an insufficient formation level of its structural components: social – at the expanse of low indicators of understanding him/herself as a member of a social group by a child, non-formation of the ability to perceive and produce information about him/herself, own inclinations, significant adults, inability to observe social norms and values in behavior and interaction with others, rigidity of behavioral strategies at interaction with others, non-conformity of reaction to their words and actions, non-formation of the ability to listen, not to interrupt; communicative – because of difficulties to understand addressed speaking, inability to enter the communication process, non-formation of knowledge about communication culture rules in relation with coevals and adults, absence of self-control/mutual control in communication situations, non-formation of the ability to correlate verbal communication means with nonverbal ones

LANGUAGE AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF THE SPECIALTY 061 JOURNALISM IN THE COLLEGES OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the research is to analyze the peculiarities of language and professional training of students of the specialty 061 Journalism in the Ukrainian College. In order to achieve this purpose such general scientific methods were used as: theoretical (analysis, comparison, systematization of theoretical and research materials), empirical (observations) and interrogation, generalization and systematization of the obtained results. The study analyzes the language and professional training of students of the specialty 061 Journalism in the colleges of Ukraine. On the basis of the normative sources the author systematizes the peculiarities of preparation of students of the specialty 061 Journalism in the colleges of Ukraine. The article summarizes the results of the interrogation on further education and employment of graduates of the specialty 061 Journalism (specialization «Publishing and Editing») of Machine Building College of Sumy State University. The author pays attention to the positive experience of preparing applicants for the specialty 061 Journalism in Ukrainian Colleges. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that today in the colleges of the specialty 061 Journalism students have the opportunity to acquire fundamental scientific, professional and practical training, as well as knowledge, skills that make the ground of their professional competence, allowing to work as a specialist of secondary education in a specific field and/or continue higher education. Valuable and fundamental cultural, professional training and social experience allow college graduates of this specialty to continue successfully study at undergraduate bachelor programs, if they choose a course of study, appropriate to their specialty. The level of their professional competence has a certain social value, corresponds to the needs and opportunities of the modern labor market, allows to be responsible for the decisions, made in professional activity and their own lives

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS

The world faces old and new problems that are more complicated than our currently capable multilateral and national institutions. To face these challenges, international cooperation is becoming ever more important. An international environmental agreement is a kind of treaty that is binding in international law, allowing them to accomplish an environmental goal. Bilateral environmental agreement is defined as an agreement between two countries. If the agreement is signed between three or more nations it is called a Multilateral Environmental Agreement. These agreements, mainly drawn up by the United Nations, include issues, such as environmental policies, freshwater policies, hazardous waste and material policies, aquatic environment, wildlife conservation policies, noise pollution and nuclear safety. International agreements set a number of objectives: Informal agreements may formulate action plans for sovereign states or international institutions; they may establish or alter international organizations or bodies; and legally binding agreements may demand that sovereign states change their actions. Least developed countries face significant challenges in terms of mitigation and adaptation, which must be resolved by successful agreements. A state government may wish to abide by an agreement but lacks the power to do so. Some climate agreements build in frameworks for promoting implementation and enforcement through technology transfer, funding and technical support. Agreements can facilitate the process of forging a common vocabulary and a mutual knowledge of an issue. States have often taken steps within their own jurisdictions which foreshadow what they are prepared to agree internationally. The balance of power is increasingly shifting, giving rise to questions about the successful functioning of foreign regimes. This current multi-polarity also deepens cleavages over the nature of agreements. The financial crisis spurred consensus on institutional reform; adapting international architecture to better represent the dynamics of contemporary power. The emerging and developing economies have concluded agreements in the environmental problem field to promote mitigation and adaptation assistance to the least developed countries. This present paper analyzes the development, function and the problems of these agreements

CORONOVIRUS PROPAGATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE WORLD ECONOMY

From the appearance of an unknown virus in China to a "black Monday" which has seen markets fall like never since the end of 2008: in two months, the Covid-19 epidemic has brought the world economy to its knees. The current coronavirus epidemic that has started in China is a real tragedy for individuals and communities not only in China, but around the world. The results for the Chinese are already terrible and are likely to worsen. To date, more than 80,000 infections have been reported, including thousands of fatal cases. In response to the spread of the virus, the world health organization declared an international health emergency on January 30. All global production chains are affected, and even blocked for certain sectors. A quasi-monopoly, China is not only the factory of the world, but also the supplier of components for all the other factories or industries on the planet. Hundreds of companies have therefore suffered the full force of this crisis and are struggling to preserve activities, on which millions of consumers and employees depend, directly impacted by their operation or by their disruption. The epidemic is infecting several Asian countries and little by little other continents, with more than 115,000 cases of infection to date, including more than 4,000 dead

INTEGRATING TEACHING AND LEARNING IN GRADUATE STUDIES: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COURSE

Development economics is a field of study, trying to explore the reason of economic success and failures of different countries or regions in the world. It deals with important issues and gaps of 21st Century, such as poverty, inequality, education, health, demographic changes, migration, trade and globalization. Moreover, the basic issues of development economics have been in focus since 1776 within the famous book of Adam Smith “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations”. Development economics, it can be argued, has to be concerned not only with protecting its "own" territory, but also with keeping alive the foundational motivation of the subject of economics in general. All the above-mentioned aspects on development economics are the main motivation of this paper. Furthermore, this study tries to analyze, synthesize and recapitulate the integration of teaching and learning in graduate studies. It is the case of an actual course, termed “Development and Growth”, offered in the economics department of the Master of Science program. The study will cover two main analyses: the first analysis, dealing with the specifics of course organization and management and the second one, exploring the students’ projects and their integration with the course

STATE AND NEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION SYSTEM IN BULGARIA

The goal of this paper is to access the state, specify trends, and identify intervention needs of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) in Bulgaria, and assist policy formation for the next programing period. Modern scientific approaches of SWOT, Strategic Orientation, Gap Analysis, Comparative Institutional Analysis, etc. are used to identify actors and relations, trends in development, assess Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, formulate an adequate strategy, and specify overall and public intervention needs of AKIS in the country. Bulgarian AKIS demonstrates low resource endowment and efficiency, domination of outdated public institutions and undeveloped private sector, insufficient sharing of knowledge and innovations, slow and uneven application of modern technologies, varieties, production and management methods, digitalization, etc. in different types of farms, subsectors of agriculture and regions of the country. The list of specified AKIS needs is provided to the government for taking a political decision about appropriate measures for public intervention. This study demonstrates that preparation of country’s RDP is (has to be) based on the comprehensive scientific approach while the research community proves that it can contribute to solving an important academic and practical problem