A Review: Radioactive Microspheres as a Theranostics

Microspheres as a drug delivery system hold great promise in reaching the goal of controlled drug delivery as well as site specific delivery. In the last few decades, scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of radio labeled microspheres. These are used successfully for the treatment of various cancers and tumors. Since response to chemotherapy and external radiotherapy is not so effective and hazardous too, so an alternative to this is internal radiation therapy. These radio labeled microspheres are very stable and have a proven efficacy in the field of primary as well as metastatic cancers. Radioactive microspheres can be selectively targeted to various tumors without undue radiation to the nontumorous tissues. The radioactive microspheres are injected to halt tumor growth via the blood supply, thereby enabling surgical removal once the tumor size decreases. This review provides an outlook to various aspects of radioactive microspheres and their role in treatment of various tumors and cancers

A review- Recent research on microsponge a novel new drug delivery system

Microsponge is recent novel technique for control release and target specific drug delivery system. Therefore many scientist or researcher attracted towards the microsponge drug delivery system. Also Microsponge technology has been introduced in topical drug products to facilitate the controlled release of active drug into the skin in order to reduce systemic exposure and minimize local cutaneous reactions to active drugs. More and more developments in delivery systems are being integrated to optimize the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the therapy. Microsponge technology offers entrapment of ingredients and is believed to contribute towards reduced side effects, improved stability, increased elegance, and enhanced formulation flexibility. In addition, numerous studies have confirmed that microsponge systems are non-irritating, non-mutagenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. Microsponge drug delivery system technology is being used currently in cosmetics, over-the-counter (OTC) skin care, sunscreens and prescription products

The Formulation Development & Evaluation of Econazole Nitrate Topical Emulgel

Topical drug delivery has been used for centuries for the treatment of local skin disorders. Emulgel have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual control release system i.e. gel and emulsion. One side the topical applications of the drug offers the potential advantages of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and secondly delivering the drug for extended period of time at the effected site. The major objective behind this formulation is enhancing the topical delivery of hydrophobic drug (Econazole Nitrate) by formulating Econazole nitrate Emulgel using three types of gelling agents: water soluble polymer Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940 and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMCK4M). Oleic acid is used as permeation enhancer. The prepared Emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, in vitro drug release, skin irritation test and stability. All the prepared Emulgel formulation showed acceptable physical properties, consistency, spreadability, viscosity and Ph value. The best Optimized formulation F1 compared with marketed Econazole Nitrate xiii cream. The in vitro release rate of Emulgel was evaluated using Diffusion cell containing Rat skin membrane with phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as the receptor medium. The release rate of the optimized F1 Formulation was found to follow Higuchi model. The Emulgel were found to be stable with respect to colour, pH, and drug content at room temperature and conditions for one month

Recent Advancement in Emulgel: A Novel Approach for Topical Drug Delivery

Gels are the preferable dosage forms for topical delivery of drugs in present days, but their use is not suitable for drugs with hydrophobic nature. In order to overcome the limitation of gels as a dosageform forhydrophobic drugs, an emulsion based approach is being used. When gels and emulsions are used in combined form the dosage form are referredas emulgel. The combination of hydrophilic cornified cells in hydrophobic intercellular material provides abarrier to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Polymer canfunction as emulsifiers and thickeners because the gelling capacity of these compounds allows the formulationof stable emulsions by decreasing surface as well as interfacial tension and increasing theviscosity of the aqueous phase. Various permeation enhancers can potentiate the effect, so emulgelscan be used as better topical drug delivery systems over the conventional systems. The use of emulgels can be used as formulationsystem for analgesics and antifungal drugs

Formulation and evaluation of herbal tablets containing Agaricus bisporus powder

Agaricus bisporus is an edible mushroom known for its nutritional and bio-medicinal properties. The methanolic extract of Agaricus bisporus for phytochemical screening performed and Alkaloids, Carbohydrate, Glycosides, Protein, Flavonoids, Saponins, Phenolic, Steroids. Some of them are responsible for anti-diabetic activities. In the present study oral administrable dosage form of herbal tablet and evaluated. The result of all test were found to be satisfactory

Technology transfer in pharmaceutical industry- A Review

The objective of this review article is to study how technology is transferred in pharmaceutical industry. The article attempts to discuss about the technology transfer process, importance of technology transfer, reasons for using technology transfer, policy approaches of technology transfer, effective factors in technology transfer, Facets of technology transfer, goals of technology transfer, steps involved in technology transfer, barriers of technology transfer and the issues involved in the technology transfer in the pharmaceutical industry. The transfer may be said to be successful if the receiving unit and the transferee can effectively utilize the technology for business gain. The transfer involves cost and expenditure that should be agreed by the transferee and transferor. The success of any particular technology transfer depends upon process understanding or the ability to predict accurately the future performance of a process

Liquisolid Compacts: A Review

Solubility is a major problem for nearly one third drugs in their development phase. Liquisolid technique is a most promising technique for promoting dissolution by increase in solubility. Liquisolid compact technology is a novel concept for oral drug delivery. Liquisolid compact technology was first described by spireas et.al. (1998). According to the new formulation method of liqui-solid compacts, liquid medications such as solutions or suspensions of water insoluble drugs in suitable nonvolatile liquid vehicles can be converted into acceptably flowing and compressible powders by blending with selected powder excipients

A brief review on bilayer floating tablet

Bilayer tablet is innovative period for the successful improvement of controlled release formulation along with a variety of features to provide a technique of successful drug delivery system. Controlled release dosage forms have been comprehensively used to improve therapy with several important drugs. Inclusion of drug in controlled release gastro-retentive dosage forms which can remain in the gastric region for several hours would considerably extend the gastric residence time of drugs and improve bioavailability, reduce drug waste and enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble in high pH environment. Numerous approaches are presently utilized in the prolongation of Gastric Retention Time, including floating drug delivery system, swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bio adhesive systems, high-density systems, modified shape systems and other deferred gastric emptying strategy

A hydrogels: Methods of preparation and applications

Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric networks capable of absorbing large amounts of water or biological fluids. Due to their high water content, porosity and soft consistency, they closely simulate natural living tissue, more so than any other class of synthetic biomaterials. Skin is the largest organ of human body and drug delivery through this route is called transdermal drug delivery system. This route of drug administration is used for local as well assystemic delivery of drug. In this review article an attempt has been made to explain the advantages, disadvantages, classification of hydrogels, methods of preparation and applications and future challenges in hydrogel based drug delivery syste

An insight to ocular in situ gelling systems

Eye is delicate organ of body whose defence mechanism restricts entry of exogenous substances. Conventional drug delivery systems get washed off within a short period of time and results in poor ocular bioavailability. Development of in situ gel having protracted ocular residence time is one of the mile stone triumphs by pharmaceutical researcher for treatment of eye aliments. This polymeric system showed sol-to-gel phase transition by change in physiological parameters in pre-corneal area which includes pH, temperature or ionic interactions etc. Three types of in situ gels are well known based on mechanism involved in phase transition viz. temperature dependent, pH sensitive, ion activated systems. Gel formed after phase transitions have high viscosity along with bio-adhesive property, which increases resistance for instantaneous rinse off due to defence contrivance. Plus it prevents nasal-lachrymal drainage and avoids the systemic side effects. Recently, in situ gels have been vexed in amalgamation with another drug delivery system. It may include use of two or more stimuli systems together or added advantages of nano-technology. Combination of in situ gel with nano-particles is utmost remedy for ocular treatment with water insoluble drugs