Kapital 5: Die liberalen Schulen

International audienc

When accommodations are not enough: A multi-study examination of teacher bias toward students with special educational needs across student gender

International audienceThis research examines whether a student's special educational needs (SEN) status accompanied by accommodations influences teachers' evaluations of performance, and whether effects vary by student gender. Across three preregistered experimental studies (N = 1214) with pre-service and in-service teachers in France, we investigated whether students with SEN were devalued in grades and competence-a backlash effect-and whether fairness perceptions moderated this bias. We operationalized an SEN case as an ADHD-labeled student receiving reduced-exercise accommodations. In Studies 1-2, students with SEN received lower grades and competence ratings than non-SEN peers, regardless of student gender or relative performance. Study 3 introduced a cross-gender comparison, testing whether female students with SEN faced heightened backlash versus male non-SEN peers. A consistent backlash effect emerged across studies, unaffected by gender contrast. Notably, fairness perceptions consistently mitigated this bias. These findings highlight persistent SEN-related backlash and support fairness-focused teacher education to promote inclusive evaluation

Alter ego. En quête d'un droit administratif français

International audienceAlter ego. Ce titre énigmatique recèle autant qu’il dévoile l’ambition forte de cette œuvre : réfléchir à l’identité du droit administratif français en l’observant depuis les droits étrangers, en particulier le droit allemand. Par ce jeu de miroir surgit l’opportunité de mieux comprendre ce qui est « français » ou « administratif » dans notre droit national, en bref d’apprendre de l’altérité. Par cette démarche, Anne Jacquemet-Gauché propose une lecture inédite et stimulante de l’identité culturelle du droit administratif français, de la manière dont celle-ci se construit et se transforme, voire se déforme. Sont mis en exergue aussi bien des marqueurs que des fragments de cette identité, méthode et fond du droit étant intimement liés. Loin de chercher à établir un musée ou un conservatoire du droit administratif français, l’auteur nous invite à penser tant la complexité que la dynamique d’évolution de ce droit et de ses interactions avec les systèmes étrangers. Sans négliger le détour par l’histoire, cette quête s’inscrit ainsi au cœur des enjeux juridiques les plus contemporains et trace des perspectives pour l’avenir du droit administratif et de sa science

Article 49-3 ou ordonnances : deux outils constitutionnels possibles pour adopter le projet de loi de finances en cas de blocage parlementaire

National audienc

Isometric path complexity of graphs

International audienceA set $S$ of isometric paths of a graph $G$ is "$v$-rooted", where $v$ is a vertex of $G$, if $v$ is one of the end-vertices of all the isometric paths in $S$. The isometric path complexity of a graph $G$, denoted by $ipco(G)$, is the minimum integer $k$ such that there exists a vertex $v\in V(G)$ satisfying the following property: the vertices of any isometric path $P$ of $G$ can be covered by $k$ many $v$-rooted isometric paths. First, we provide an $O(n^2 m)$-time algorithm to compute the isometric path complexity of a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Then we show that the isometric path complexity remains bounded for graphs in three seemingly unrelated graph classes, namely, hyperbolic graphs, (theta, prism, pyramid)-free graphs, and outerstring graphs. Hyperbolic graphs are extensively studied in Metric Graph Theory. The class of (theta, prism, pyramid)-free graphs are extensively studied in Structural Graph Theory, e.g. in the context of the Strong Perfect Graph Theorem. The class of outerstring graphs is studied in Geometric Graph Theory and Computational Geometry. Our results also show that the distance functions of these (structurally) different graph classes are more similar than previously thought. There is a direct algorithmic consequence of having small isometric path complexity. Specifically, we show that if the isometric path complexity of a graph $G$ is bounded by a constant, then there exists a polynomial-time constant-factor approximation algorithm for ISOMETRIC PATH COVER, whose objective is to cover all vertices of a graph with a minimum number of isometric paths. This applies to all the above graph classes

Evaluating the flexural performance of bio-based concrete with different types of bio-aggregate and binder

International audienceThis study investigates the influence of bio-aggregate type (hemp, bamboo, and reed) and binder type (CEMIV, LC3, and PNC) on the flexural performance of bio-based concrete, with the objective of identifying optimized formulations for construction applications. The term 'optimization' refers to the identification of favorable aggregate-binder combinations based on a comparative assessment of flexural strength, stiffness, deformation behavior, and cracking characteristics. Digital image correlation was employed to analyze deformation and cracking behavior. The results indicate that hemp-based concretes combined with CEMIV exhibit the highest flexural performance, benefiting from effective crack-bridging mechanisms. Reed-based concretes demonstrate a more stable and homogeneous flexural response, particularly when combined with higher-performance binders such as CEMIV and LC3. In contrast, bamboo-based concretes show pronounced interfacial debonding, especially when paired with lower-strength binders (such as PNC), leading to early strain localization. Binders with high fineness, such as PNC, promote the development of finer and more uniformly distributed cracks, despite lower global flexural performance. These findings provide fundamental insights into the intrinsic flexural behavior of bio-based concretes, indicating that the complementary combination of the dimensional stability of reed aggregates and the favorable mechanical performance of hemp shives can form a robust basis for the future development of reinforced bio-based composites, such as fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems, where optimized substrate performance is essential

Le handicap pendant le long Moyen Âge

National audienceThis chapter (250,000 characters) presents a synthesis of current historical research on various ‘disabilities’ from 313 to 1789. Falling within the field of cultural disability history, it goes beyond the traditional inclusion/exclusion lens used to analyse the existence of ‘disabled’ people in the past, in favour of the more nuanced concept of social participation.Ce chapitre (250 000 signes) présente une synthèse de la recherche historique actuelle sur les différents "handicaps" de 313 à 1789. Inscrit dans le champ des cultural disability history, il dépasse le prisme inclusion/exclusion traditionnellement employé pour analyser l'existence des personnes "infirmes" du passé, au profit notamment de la notion de participations sociales, plus nuancée

From innovation to exnovation: insights from post-growth food enterprises in Australia

International audienceThis study explores systemic barriers and enablers of post-growth food enterprises in Australia. We analyse three different case studies that offer alternative models of entrepreneurial approaches for achieving sustainability outcomes as a higher priority than economic growth. We identified three post-growth food enterprises that operate at different stages of the food supply chain. We found that these enterprises work towards various, interconnected, sustainability goals by embedding diverse principles into their organisational structure and operations. Their not-for-profit structure enables them to avoid trade-offs between financial extractivism and socio-ecological well-being goals. Additionally, we explored the systemic barriers faced by these enterprises, recognising that they are embedded in an economic system that favours and rewards the pursuit of economic growth. To navigate these barriers, the cases analysed adopted various innovative approaches, such as fostering alternative funding schemes, ways to acquire farmland and technology. While their bottom-up approaches are important, the inertia of dominant food systems impedes transitions to alternatives. We suggest that exnovation - the process of deliberately phasing out unsustainable practices - warrants more attention. For example, exnovating goals, policies, and performance metrics that prioritise economic growth at the expense of sustainability could play a crucial role in unlocking post-growth models. This study provides an orientation for further theoretical and empirical research about post-growth food systems transitions and stresses the value of engaging more with the wider political, economic, and legal foundations of transitions

GATE 10 Monte Carlo particle transport simulation: I. Development and new features

International audienceWe present GATE version 10, a major evolution of the open-source Monte Carlo simulation application for medical physics, built on Geant4. This release marks a transformative evolution, featuring a modern Python-based user interface, enhanced multithreading and multiprocessing capabilities, the ability to be embedded as a library within other software, and a streamlined framework for collaborative development. In this Part 1 paper, we outline GATE’s position among other Monte Carlo codes, the core principles driving this evolution, and the robust development cycle employed. We also detail the new features and improvements. Part 2 will focus on the architectural innovations and technical challenges. By combining an open, collaborative framework with cutting-edge features, such a Monte Carlo platform supports a wide range of academic and industrial research, solidifying its role as a critical tool for innovation in medical physics