On constraint manifolds of planar and spherical mechanisms in Lorentzian space

This study aims to investigate the algebraic forms of the constraint manifolds of 4 R and 6 R planar and spherical closed chains in Lorentzian space. For this purpose, firstly, the structure equations of closed chains are obtained by using the structure equations of planar and spherical open chains in Lorentzian space. Then, using these equations, the algebraic forms of the constraint manifolds of 4 R and 6 R planar and spherical closed chains in spacelike and timelike mechanisms are constructed and it is shown which curves these manifolds correspond to

Determination of antifungal drug susceptibilities of dermatophyte agents isolated from cats

Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mikrobiyoloji (Veterinerlik) Ana Bilim DalıMicrosporum spp. ve Nannizzia spp., kedilerde genellikle alopesi, eritem, kaşıntı, pullanma ve dairesel lezyonlarla karakterize klinik durumlara neden olan, dünya çapında yaygın zoofilik dermatofittir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Ankara ili ve çevresinde tamamı sahipli, evde beslenen ve deri lezyonu bulunan toplamda 195 kediden toplanan deri ve kıl örnekleri incelendi. İncelenen 195 örneğin, 28'i (%14,36) dermatofit pozitif olarak tespit edildi. Dermatofit olarak izole edilen 28 etkenden 26'sı Microsporum spp. (%92,86), 2'si Nannizzia spp. (%7,14) olarak identifiye edildi. Bu sonuçlara ek olarak, Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Candida spp., Malassezia spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp. gibi maya ve miselyal mantar türleri izole ve identifiye edildi. Bu çalışmada, kedilerden izole edilen dermatofitlerin itrakonazol, flukonazol, ketokonazol, klotrimazol, posakonazol ve vorikonazole karşı antifungal ilaç duyarlılıklarının ve minimal inhibisyon konsantrasyonlarının (MİK) belirlenmesi ve besiyerindeki farklılıklarını değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) ve Dermasel Agar (DA)'da disk difüzyon tekniği ve E-test yöntemleri kullanıldı. Disk difüzyon test sonuçlarına göre, Microsporum spp. (n=26)'nin zon çapı MHA ve DA'da sırasıyla posakonazol için 30,38; 29,61 mm, itrakonazol için 25,61; 24,76 mm, vorikonazol için 29,69; 27,30 mm, ketokonazol için 16,17; 12,30 mm, flukonazol için 8,8; 5,46 mm ve klotrimazol için 18,83; 16,15 mm; Nannizzia spp. (n=2)'nin posakonazol için 22; 32 mm, itrakonazol için 13; 20 mm, vorikonazol için 22; 21 mm, ketokonazol için 10; 15 mm, flukonazol için 5; 3 mm ve klotrimazol için 18; 20 mm ölçüldü. E-Test sonuçlarına göre Microsporum spp.'nin duyarlılıkları MHA ve DA'da sırasıyla posakonazole için 0,04; 0,44 µg/ml, itrakonazole için 0,34; 0,19 µg/ml, vorikonazol için 0,06 µg/ml, ketokonazol için 7,30; 8,63 µg/ml, flukonazol için 42,78; 36,94 µg/ml; Nannizzia spp.'nin posakonazole için 0,13; 0,14 µg/ml, itrakonazole için 2,19 µg/ml, vorikonazol için 0,07 µg/ml, ketokonazol için 6; 8 µg/ml olarak bulundu. Bu sonuçların aksine, tüm dermatofit izolatlarında klotrimazol için MİK değeri tespit edilmedi. Buna ek olarak, iki N. gypsea izolatında flukonazol için MİK değeri tespit edilmedi.Microsporum spp. and Nannizzia spp. are widespread zoophilic dermatophytes worldwide that cause clinical conditions in cats, usually characterized by alopecia, erythema, itching, scaling and circular lesions. In this thesis, skin and hair samples collected from a total of 195 cats with skin lesions, all of which were owned, kept at home in and around Ankara province were analysed. Of the 195 samples, 28 (14.36%) were positive for dermatophytes. Of the 28 dermatophyte isolates, 26 were identified as Microsporum spp. (92.86%) and 2 as Nannizzia spp. (7.14%). In addition to the aforementioned results, yeast and mycelial fungal species, including Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Candida spp., Malassezia spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated and identified. To determine the antifungal drug susceptibilities and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these dermatophytes against itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, posaconazole and voriconazole, the disc diffusion technique and E-test methods were applied on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and Dermasel Agar (DA). The results of the disc diffusion test indicated that Microsporum spp. (n=26) exhibited a mean diameter of 30.38 and 29.61 mm for posaconazole, 25.61 and 24.76 mm for itraconazole, 29.69 and 27.30 mm for voriconazole, 16.17 and 12.30 mm for ketoconazole, 8.8 and 5.46 mm for fluconazole, 18.83; 16.15 mm for clotrimazole. The results for the remaining two Nannizzia spp. (n=2) were as follows: 22; 32 mm for posaconazole, 13; 20 mm for itraconazole, 22; 21 mm for voriconazole, 10; 15 mm for ketoconazole, 5; 3 mm for fluconazole and 18; 20 mm for clotrimazole in MHA and DA respectively. According to the E-Test results, the MIC values for Microsporum spp. were 0.04; 0.44 µg/ml for posaconazole, 0.34; 0.19 µg/ml for itraconazole, 0.06 µg/ml for voriconazole, ketoconazole 7.30; 8.63 µg/ml for ketoconazole, 42.78; 36.94 µg/ml for fluconazole. For Nannizzia spp., the MIC values were 0.13; 0.14 µg/ml for posaconazole, 2.19 µg/ml for itraconazole, 0.07 µg/ml for voriconazole, 6; 8 µg/ml for ketoconazole in MHA and DA respectively. In contrast to these results, no MIC value for clotrimazole was detected in all dermatophyte isolates. In addition, no MIC value for fluconazole was detected in two Nannizzia spp. isolates

Uncertainty modelling in the selection of climate control system manufacturers for preconstruction of hydroelectric power plants

Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems, the critical intersection point of low environmental impact, neutral thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality are technologies that directly affect the electricity generation of hydroelectric power plants on the axis of sustainability. Addressing challenges in decision-making for pre-construction system selection, this study employs fuzzy set theory, specifically Pythagorean and q-Rung Orthopair fuzzy sets, to model uncertainty in hydroelectric power plant specific considerations. Utilizing Analytic Hierarchy Process, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution and the Complex Proportional Assessment the model evaluates ten global climate control system manufacturers. Sensitivity and comparative analysis ensure result validity, offering valuable insights for industry professionals and decision-makers, streamlining the complex process of selecting the most suitable manufacturer

????? ??? ?????? Zodarion spinibarbe (Araneae: Zodariidae) ?? ??????

A new species, Zodarion yigitakcai sp.n. (male 9) is described from Kahramanmara and Osmaniye provinces of Turkey. This contribution increases the total number of Zodarion species known from this country to 33. The distribution records of the new species and its comparative materials Z. barbarae Bosmans, 2009 and Z. spinibarb e Wunderlich, 1973 in Turkey are also mapped.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Kirikkkale University [2021, 055]We wish to thank the Hitit University Scientific and Technological Research Center (HUBTUAM) for SEM facilities. This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Kirikkkale University, Project number 2021, 055. We also thank Arnaud Henrard (Tervuren, Belgium), Kadir Bogac Kunt (Eskisehir, Turkey) and Yuri M. Marusik (Magadan, Russia) for helpful comments on improving the manuscript. Alireza Zamani (Turku, Finland) provided valuable comments to this manuscript and kindly corrected the English of the final draft

Prevalence of Pancreatic Steatosis and Its Associated Factors in Turkey: A Nation-Wide Multicenter Study

Background/Aims: Pancreatic steatosis (PS) is a pathology associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), endocrin and exocrine disfunctions of the pancreas, and fatty liver. The data on the frequency of PS are very limited. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of PS detected by transabdominal ultrasonography (TAU) in gastroenterology clinics located in different geographical regions of Turkey and the factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: Volunteers were evaluated by TAU for PS and hepatosteatosis (HS), and its degree. Pancreatic stiffness was evaluated by ultrasonographic shear wave elastography (SWE). All demographic, physical, and biochemical parametres were measured. Results: A total of 1700 volunteers from 14 centers throughout Turkey were included in the study. Mean age was 48.03 +/- 20.86 years (56.9% female). Prevalance of PS was detected in 68.9%. In the PS group, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid levels, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, MS frequency, and pancreatic SWE score were increasing, and fecal elastase level was decreasing in correlation with the degree of PS. The frequency of HS was 55.5%. Hepatosteatosis [odds ratio (OR): 9.472], increased age (OR: 1.02), and BMI (OR: 1.089) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of PS. Lean -PS rate was 11.8%. The lean -PS group was predominantly female and younger than non -lean PS. Also it has lower blood pressure, FBG, liver enzymes, lipid levels, and HS rates. Conclusion: The frequency of PS was found 68.9% in Turkey. Its relationship was determined with age, BMI, HS, MS (and its components), pancreatic stiffness, and fecal elastase level

Evaluation of effects of curcumin on acute esophagitis in the corrosive esophagitis model in rats

Ingestion of a corrosive substance may cause corrosive esophagitis. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory and mucosal protective effects. In this study, the effects of curcumin on the acute phase of corrosive esophagitis were investigated. Twenty-seven Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups; sham (group I), control (group II), and experiment groups (group III, 100 mg/kg curcumin; group IV, 200 mg/kg curcumin). Forty percent sodium hydroxide solution was used to erode the esophagi of rats in groups other than the sham group. Curcumin was applied to animals in the experiment groups 10 min after the corrosion. After 24 h, animals were sacrificed, and esophagus samples were collected. According to the histopathological examination, the muscularis mucosa damage was regressed from 100% in group II to 71.4% in group III and 50% in group IV. Mild level of damage and collagen deposition in the tunica muscularis regressed from 66.7% of the animals in the control group to 42.9% in group III and to none in group IV. Further, an increase in submucosal collagen was present in all samples from groups II and III, while 83.3% of samples had an increase in submucosal collagen in group IV. There was a significant difference in the histopathological total score between the control group and group IV (p=0.02). The results showed that the administration of curcumin in a dose-dependent manner can relieve the acute phase of corrosive esophagitis.Kirikkale UniversityNo Statement Availabl

Evaluation of balance, walking speed, quadriceps femoris muscle strength and quality of life in individuals with COPD with and without falls

Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Ana Bilim DalıKronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) tanısı almış bireylerde denge bozukluğu düşmelerle ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı düşen ve düşmeyen KOAH'lı bireylerde denge, yürüme hızı, QF kas kuvveti ve yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışma KOAH tanısı almış 74 bireyden (30 düşen ve 44 düşmeyen KOAH'lı yaşlı birey) oluşmaktadır. Bireyleri düşen ve düşmeyen olarak gruplara ayırmak için son 6 ayda düşme sıklığı sorgulanmıştır. Son 6 ayda 4-5 kez ve üzeri düşme öyküsü olan bireyler düşen gruba dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm bireylerin olgu değerlendirme formu ile sosyo-demografik özellikleri sorgulanmıştır. Düşen hastaların yaş ortalaması 74.77 ± 5.78 yıl olarak elde edilmiştir. Düşmeyen bireylerin ise yaş ortalaması 71.25 ± 6 yıl olarak elde edilmiştir. Tüm bireylerde denge değerlendirmek için Berg Denge Testi (BDÖ), yürüme hızını değerlendirmek için 2 dk yürüme testi, QF kas kuvvetini ölçmek için dijital dinamometre, yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için Saint George Yaşam Kalitesi(SGRQ) Anketi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda gruplara göre BERG denge testi ve 2 dk yürüme testi sonuçları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmuştur (p0.050). Gruplara göre sol QF kas kuvvetleri arasında istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmuştur (p=0.003) Düşen grubun sol QF kuvvet değeri daha düşük olarak elde edilmiştir. Gruplara göre SGRQ puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark görülmüştür (p=0.027). Gruplara göre Tinetti düşme etkinliği ölçeği puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmuştur (p0.050). There was a statistical difference between the left QF muscle strengths according to the groups (p=0.003). The left QF strength value of the fallen group was lower. There was a statistical difference between SGRQ scores according to the groups (p=0.027). There was a statistical difference between the Tinetti fall effectiveness scale scores according to the groups (p<0.001). According to the data obtained, we believe that in the evaluation of individuals with COPD, fall risks, balance, walking speed and muscle strength should be taken into consideration together with symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, sputum, etc., which are frequently seen in COPD

Evaluating victims who applied to the department of forensic medicine between 2022-2023 due to domestic violence againts women

Tıp Fakültesi, Adli Tıp Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışma, Kırıkkale'de yaşayan aile içi şiddete maruz kalmış kadınların şiddet deneyimlerini analiz ederek, şiddetin boyutunu, sonuçlarını ortaya koymak ve şiddeti önlemek için atılacak adımlara katkı sağlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalına adli rapor düzenlenmesi için başvuran aile içi şiddet mağduru 22 kadın ile yapılandırılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış hibrit bir form ile derinlemesine görüşülerek nitel araştırma tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeler sırasında ses kayıtları alınmış, aynı zamanda elle ayrıntılı notlar tutularak içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerde "şiddet mağduru kadınların sosyodemografik özellikleri", "şiddet uygulayan eşlerin sosyodemografik özellikleri", "ailenin yapısal özellikleri", "mağdurlar tarafından şiddetin farkındalığı ve şiddet deneyimi", "şiddetin sebepleri, etkileri ve sonuçları", "mağdurlar tarafından şiddete karşı geliştirilen korunma çareleri ve şiddete kavramsal yaklaşımları " sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Meydana gelen yaralanmalar ile ilgili "Türk Ceza Kanunu'nda Tanımlanan Yaralama Suçlarının Adli Tıp Açısından Değerlendirilmesi Rehberine" göre rapor düzenlenmiş ve kadına yönelik şiddetin adli tıbbi yönleri belirlenmiştir. Elde ettiğimiz bulgulara bakıldığında, her eğitim seviyesinden ve ekonomik düzeyden kadının şiddete maruz kaldığı, her eğitim seviyesinden ve ekonomik düzeyden erkeğin eşlerine şiddet uygulayabildiği görülmektedir. Mağdurların fiziksel ve sözel şiddeti tanımlayabildikleri, maruz kaldıkları cinsel, duygusal ve ekonomik şiddetin farkında olmadıkları belirlenmiştir. Şiddetin nedenleri konusunda mağdurların eşlerinin kişisel özelliklerine, akraba ilişkilerine ve maddi sıkıntılara vurgu yaptıkları görülmektedir. Mağdurların genellikle maruz kaldıkları ilk şiddet deneyiminden sonra değil, şiddetin sayısı ve seviyesi arttıktan sonra sağlık kuruluşlarına ve kolluk kuvvetlerine müracaat ettikleri, tespit edilmiştir. Mağdurlar yasaların ve kurumların kendilerini şiddetten koruyamadıklarını belirtmelerine rağmen, mağdurların yasal düzenlemelerin ve kurumların sağladığı destek mekanizmalarından yaygın olarak haberdar olmadıkları ve faydalanamadıkları görülmektedir. Çalışmamızın, aile içi kadına yönelik şiddet konusunda toplumsal farkındalığın arttırılması, şiddet mağduru kadının korunması ve faile uygulanacak yaptırımları da içeren geniş boyutlu bir politik tutum geliştirilerek şiddetin önlenmesi yolunda multidisipliner çalışma yapılmasının önemini güçlendireceğini ümit etmekteyiz.This study was conducted to analyze the experiences of domestic violence among women living in Kırıkkale, to reveal the dimensions and consequences of violence, and to contribute to steps to prevent violence. To achieve this aim, in-depth qualitative research techniques were employed through structured and semi-structured interviews with 22 women who had applied to the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of Kırıkkale University for the preparation of forensic reports due to domestic violence. Audio recordings were made during the interviews, and detailed notes were taken manually for content analysis. During the interviews, answers were sought regarding the "sociodemographic characteristics of female victims of violence," "sociodemographic characteristics of perpetrators of violence," "structural features of the family," "awareness and experiences of violence by the victims," "causes, effects, and consequences of violence," and "protective measures developed by the victims against violence and their conceptual approaches to violence." Reports were prepared in accordance with the "Guide for the Forensic Evaluation of Assault Crimes Defined in the Turkish Penal Code" regarding the injuries sustained, and the forensic medical aspects of violence against women were determined. Based on the findings obtained, it is observed that women from all levels of education and economic backgrounds are subjected to violence, and men from all levels of education and economic backgrounds are capable of perpetrating violence against their partners. It has been determined that victims can identify physical and verbal violence but may not be aware of the sexual, emotional, and economic violence they are subjected to. Regarding the causes of violence, victims often emphasize their partners' personal characteristics, family relationships, and financial difficulties. Victims tend to seek assistance from healthcare institutions and law enforcement not after their initial experience of violence, but rather after the frequency and severity of violence have escalated. Despite victims expressing their inability to be protected from violence by laws and institutions, it is observed that victims are often unaware of and unable to benefit from the support mechanisms provided by legal regulations and institutions. We hope that our study will strengthen the importance of multidisciplinary efforts towards preventing violence by developing a comprehensive policy stance that includes increasing societal awareness of domestic violence against women, protecting victims of violence, and implementing sanctions against perpetrators

Effects of compression ratio on thermodynamic and sustainability parameters of a diesel engine fueled with methanol/diesel fuel blends containing 1-pentanol as a co-solvent

Researchers are intensively seeking to meet the ever-increasing energy demand worldwide. In this context, it is known that many studies have been carried out. The utilization of alternative energy sources is important both in meeting the energy demand and in reducing environmental pollution. In this direction, it is recommended to use clean fuels that can be employed in internal combustion engines. One of these fuels is methanol. However, it is known that phase separation occurs when methanol is blended with diesel fuel due to its poor mixing capability, but it is possible to avoid this phase separation by using different techniques in practice. One of them is to use co-solvent. Pentanol (C5H12O) stands out as a fuel additive that helps to blend diesel-methanol blends in a stable structure due to its phase stability-enhancing properties. In other words, diesel/methanol/pentanol blends can form a stable, transparent, and homogeneous fuel mixture. In the literature, there are a limited number of studies using the above fuel combination. In addition, these studies have classically evaluated engine characteristic results and emission parameters without detailed thermodynamic analysis. Investigating the use of these fuels in engines in terms of thermodynamics and sustainability at different engine operating parameters can provide important information on whether these fuels can be used as an alternative. The present study deals with the thermodynamic and sustainability analyses of a single-cylinder DI diesel engine when it was operated at several compression ratios (CRs) (16:1 and 18:1) and engine loads (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) to analyze the engine characteristics and pollutants. In this study, 1-pentanol as a co-solvent is infused into methanol/diesel blends with the intention of avoiding phase separation. In this context, M5P5 (90 % diesel fuel, 5 % methanol, and 5 % 1-pentanol) and M10P10 (80 % diesel fuel, 10 % methanol, and 10 % 1-pentanol) fuel combinations were prepared. The results were compared with conventional diesel fuel aiming to present the novelty of the fuel blends. To conclude, the experimental results pointed out that the CI engine consumed more alternative fuel blends because of their lower calorific value as compared to diesel fuel to provide the same output power for each tested fuel sample. It can be exhibited that the augmentation of CR and load led to increasing the energetic-exergetic efficiency values for each fuel. In this regard, the highest energetic efficiencies for D100, MP5, and MP10 were calculated to be 35.28 %, 31.79 %, and 30.56 %, respectively at the maximum load and CR; meanwhile, the highest exergetic efficiencies were found to be 33.06 %, 29.81 %, and 28.63 %, respectively. At the aforementioned operating conditions, the exergy destruction was found to be 8.33 kW for D100, 10.00 kW for MP5, and 10.65 kW for MP10. The outcomes achieved from the analyses highlighted that the CI engine powered by MP5 and MP10 fuel blends caused similar trends with diesel fuel. Owing to the higher exergetic efficiency of D100, the maximum results in the sustainability index were found to be 1.49 at the most elevated operational conditions. For that reason, methanol/diesel fuel blends including 1-pentanol as a co-solvent will be evaluated to be an alternative fuel instead of traditional diesel fuel when some of the disadvantages are shortly removed. These disadvantages come to mind first and foremost are the costs of methanol and pentanol. The increase in production quantities and the increase in academic studies on this subject will overcome this problem in a short time

Measuring physical education teachers' attitudes towards the profession (Ankara Keçiören case)

Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmanın amacı Ankara ili, Keçiören ilçesinde bulunan ortaokul ve liselerde görevli beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin, beden eğitimi öğretmenliği (BEÖ) mesleğine yönelik görüşlerini ve öğretmenlik tutumlarının ne düzeyde olduğunu belirlemek ve bu olgular arasında anlamlı bir farkın olup olmadığını incelemektir. Bu araştırmanın çalışma evrenini Ankara-Keçiören İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı 71 ortaokul ve 54 lise kurumunda görevli toplam 294 beden eğitimi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin tamamına e-posta yoluyla ulaşılmış, geri dönüş yapan 207 beden eğitimi öğretmeni araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada ortaya konulan ve öngörülen modelin analiz ve testi SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Parametrik dağılım gösteren iki grup karşılaştırması için Independent-t testi, non-parametrik gösteren iki grup karşılaştırması için ise Mann-Whitney U testi, kullanılmıştır. Parametrik dağılım gösteren ikiden fazla grup karşılaştırması için One-Way ANOVA testi, non-parametrik gösteren ikiden fazla grup karşılaştırması için ise Kruskal Wallis-H testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışamaya katılan beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin BEÖYTÖ ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortalaması 72,8 ± 8,5, en yüksek 110 ve en düşük 56 puan alındığı tespit edilmiştir.The aim of this study is to determine the level of physical education and sports processes, details and teaching attitudes towards the physical education teacher (PET) profession in secondary and high schools in Keçiören district of Ankara province, and to determine whether there is a significant difference between these facts. The population of this comprehensive study consists of a total of 294 physical education teachers working in 71 secondary schools and 54 high schools affiliated to Ankara-Keçiören District Directorate of National Education. All teachers were contacted via e-mail, and 207 physical education departments who responded were included. The analysis and testing of the model that emerged and presented in the research was analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program. Independent-t test was used for comparison of two groups showing parametric distribution, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of two groups showing non-parametric distribution. One-Way ANOVA test, which shows a parametric distribution, was used for comparisons of more than two groups, and the Kruskal Wallis-H test, which shows a non-parametric distribution, was used for comparisons of more than two groups. It was determined that the total score presented in the physical training and sports options participating in the study in AS-PET was 72.8 ± 8.5, with the highest score being 110 and the lowest score being 56