A new trend in cryptographic information security for industry 5.0: A systematic review

Malicious assaults and information leakage have grown in importance in practically every area of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent years. Enterprise ledger organization, preservation, security, and protection are all greatly aided by information security (IS). To maintain their positions in the market, industries must safeguard their data and other vital assets. The main goals of this paper's systematic review, which covers the entire process of privacy protection and security, are to introduce cryptographic IS for Industry 5.0 (the Fifth Industrial Revolution) as a comprehensive solution that provides regulatory compliance and IS policies in addition to the industrial goals. The review covers the four main areas: 1) recognizing the need for frameworks to be developed for a secure Industry 5.0 lifecycle; 2) emphasizing security guidelines, procedures, and countermeasures for Industry 5.0; 3) applying control, access, and availability in real-time; and 4) proposing a futuristic architecture for industrial information security. Furthermore, the analysis of previously published state-of-the-art techniques is presented in this paper. These techniques survive with various limitations and challenges, including intercommunication exchange, fine-grained control access, and interconnectivity-related issues, which affect the adoption of an IS in industrial programs. At the end of this systematic review, we investigated a few open research problems and mentioned those that are involved in the design of cryptographic re-encryption enabled IS for future Industry 5.0 developments.Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2024R236), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabi

Prioritizing the indicators of energy performance management: a novel fuzzy decision-making approach for G7 service industries

Ensuring energy performance management is important in many ways, such improvement of energy efficiency and decrease of energy costs are reduced. There are various indicators of the effectiveness of energy performance management of buildings. Due to this situation, businesses need to make the necessary improvements for the development of these factors. Nonetheless, these actions cause an increase in the costs of the companies. Hence, among these actions, the more important ones need to be identified. Owing to this issue, businesses can use their limited budgets for more priority indicators. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the main indicators of energy performance management systems. In this way, a new model is proposed to make a priority analysis for the hospitals. Firstly, five indicators of energy performance management systems are selected by considering ISO 50006 standards. Furthermore, these indicators are weighted by using Spherical fuzzy CRITIC. Secondly, G7 countries are examined with fuzzy RATGOS technique. Identification of the most significant indicators of the energy performance systems is an important novelty of this study. The most significant methodological novelty of this study is proposing a new technique to the literature named RATGOS. It is understood that energy efficiency is the most crucial indicator of energy performance management. Furthermore, it is also identified that France is the most successful G7 economy with respect to the energy performance management. Japan and United States have also high performance in this respect. It is recommended that necessary actions should be taken to increase energy efficiency. By conducting an energy audit, energy consumption data is analyzed so that energy losses and inefficiencies can be detected. This assessment provides opportunities for energy efficiency and helps identify improvement strategies.Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary ; Russian Science Foundation ; Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Ala

Single agent vemurafenib or rituximab-vemurafenib combination for the treatment of relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia, a multicenter experience

Background: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare mature B-cell malignancy that is primarily treated with purine analogues. However, relapse remains a significant challenge, prompting the search for alternative therapies. The BRAF V600E mutation prevalent in HCL patients provides a target for treatment with vemurafenib. Patients and methods: This multicenter retrospective study included nine patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) HCL from six different centers. Patient data included demographics, prior treatments, clinical outcomes, and adverse events. Results: Patients received different treatment regimens between centers, including vemurafenib alone or in combination with rituximab. Despite the differences in protocols, all patients achieved at least a partial response, with seven patients achieving a complete response. Adverse events were generally mild with manageable side effects. The absence of myelotoxic effects and manageable side effects make BRAF inhibitors attractive, especially for patients ineligible for purine analogues or those with severe neutropenia. Conclusion: Single agent vemurafenib or in combination with rituximab appears to be a promising therapeutic option for R/R HCL. Further research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols and to investigate long-term outcomes

Rheumatoid arthritis and infections: not only a coincidence

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease affecting the synovial membrane damaging the cartilage and bone and leading to destructive arthritis, if left untreated [1]. In fact, RA is not a joint confined disease, as extra-articular manifestations and multi-systemic involvement are among the specific features of the disease. Of importance are the cardiovascular and respiratory system RA-associated diseases [2, 3]. Therefore, morbidity, life expectancy, and mortality were demonstrated to be increased in patients with RA in comparison with the general population [4, 5]. Interestingly, infections contribute to a critical portion of the cases [6]

Influence of endodontic access cavity design on mechanical properties of a first mandibular premolar tooth: a finite element analysis study

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of access cavity designs on the mechanical properties of a single-rooted mandibular first premolar tooth under various static loads using a finite element analysis. Materials and methods: 3-dimensional FEA designs were modeled according to the access cavity designs: an intact tooth (control), traditional access cavity (TEC-I), traditional access cavity with Class-II mesio-occlusal cavity design (TEC-II), conservative access cavity (CEC), ninja access cavity (NEC), caries-driven access cavity (Cd-EC), buccal access cavity (BEC) and bucco-occlusal access cavity (BOEC). After the simulated access cavity preparations, root canal treatment was simulated and three different static loads which mimicked oblique and vertical mastication forces were applied to the models. The stress distribution and maximum Von Misses stress values were recorded. The maximum stress values were obtained on both enamel and dentin under multi-point vertical loads. Results: The maximum stress values were obtained on both enamel and dentin under multi-point vertical loads. Under all load types, the minimum stress distribution was observed in the control group, followed by CEC, NEC and BEC designs. The highest stress concentration was detected in Cd-EC and TEC-II designs. Under single-point vertical loading, the stress was mostly concentrated in the lingual PCD area, while under multi-point vertical loading, the entire root surface was stress-loaded except for the lingual apical third of the root. Conclusion: Preserving tooth tissue by simulating CEC, NEC and BEC access cavities increased the load capacity of a single-rooted mandibular first premolar following simulated endodontic treatment.Bahcesehir Universit

Improvement of current immunotherapies with engineered oncolytic viruses that target cancer stem cells

The heterogeneity of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) impairs the therapeutic efficacy of standard therapies and also reduces the infiltration of antitumor immune cells, all of which lead to tumor progression and invasion. In addition, self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) support tumor dormancy, drug resistance, and recurrence, all of which might pose challenges to the eradication of malignant tumor masses with current therapies. Natural forms of oncolytic viruses (OVs) or engineered OVs are known for their potential to directly target and kill tumor cells or indirectly eradicate tumor cells by involving antitumor immune responses, including enhancement of infiltrating antitumor immune cells, induction of immunogenic cell death, and reprogramming of cold TME to an immune-sensitive hot state. More importantly, OVs can target stemness factors that promote tumor progression, which subsequently enhances the efficacy of immunotherapies targeting solid tumors, particularly the CSC subpopulation. Herein, we describe the role of CSCs in tumor heterogeneity and resistance and then highlight the potential and remaining challenges of immunotherapies targeting CSCs. We then review the potential of OVs to improve tumor immunogenicity and target CSCs and finally summarize the challenges within the therapeutic application of OVs in preclinical and clinical trials.Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Universit

Optimizing percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with patient-specific 3D-printed pulmonary artery models and hemodynamic assessment

Background: Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) has emerged as a less invasive alternative for treating severe pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair in patients with a native right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). However, the success of PPVI depends on precise patient-specific valve sizing, the avoidance of oversizing complications, and optimal valve performance. In recent years, innovative adaptations of commercially available cardiovascular mock loops have been used to test conduits in the pulmonary position. These models are instrumental in facilitating accurate pulmonic valve sizing, mitigating the risk of oversizing, and providing insight into the valve performance before implantation. This study explored the utilization of custom-modified mock loops to implant patient-specific 3D-printed pulmonary artery geometries, thereby advancing PPVI planning and execution.Material and Methods: Patient-specific 3D-printed pulmonary artery geometries of five patients who underwent PPVI using Pulsta transcatheter heart valve (THV) (R) were tested in a modified ViVitro pulse duplicator system (R). Various valve sizes were subjected to 10 cycles of testing at different cardiac output levels. The transpulmonary systolic and regurgitation fractions of the valves were also recorded and compared.Results: A total of 39 experiments were conducted using five different patient geometries and several different valve sizes (26, 28, 30, and 32 mm) at 3, 4, and 5 L/min cardiac output at heart rates of 70 beats per minute (bpm) and 60/40 systolic/diastolic ratios. The pressure gradients and regurgitation fractions of the tested valve sizes in the models were found to be similar to the pressure gradients and regurgitation fractions of valves used in real procedures. However, in two patients, different valve sizes showed better hemodynamic values than the actual implanted valves.Discussion: The use of 3D printing technology, electromagnetic flow meters, and the custom-modified ViVitro pulse duplicator system (R) in conjunction with patient-specific pulmonary artery models has enabled a comprehensive assessment of percutaneous pulmonic valve implantation performance. This approach allows for accurate valve sizing, minimization of oversizing risks, and valuable insights into hemodynamic behavior before implantation. The data obtained from this experimental setup will contribute to advancing PPVI procedures and offer potential benefits in improving patient outcomes and safety.TUSE

Vaccinations in patients with autoimmune diseases

The introduction of vaccinations provided one of the most efficient solutions to combating morbidity and mortality associated with infections. They have proven efficiency in protecting both healthy patients and patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases AIRDs). In fact, patients with AIRDs are often at higher risk of acquiring infections; this is particularly evident in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore, a magnitude of studies emphasized the importance of immunization in AIRDS. On the other hand, a number of studies have highlighted concerns of vaccine efficacy in AIRD being potentially reduced. Another issue of importance regarding immunization and AIRD is vaccine safety and the potential risk of AIRD flares following vaccination. This chapter overviews the literature outlining infection risk in AIRD patients and the safety and efficacy of administrating vaccinations

Estimation of section thickness for stereological analysis

Stereology is the gold standard technique for producing statistically valid data used to accurately estimate a quantitative parameter such as number, length, or volume. Sampling and counting techniques are important steps in performing stereological analysis without making assumptions. Microscopic techniques are performed to measure morphological parameters in health science studies to understand the development, aging and renewal processes in biological structures. Physical and optical disector counting methods are the most commonly used stereological techniques for unbiased counting of biological structures in tissue. In the disector method, section thickness is important for the disector volume and accurate estimation. Also, it can be measured using automatic systems or manual methods. In this chapter, methods for measuring section thickness are explained

Physical and optical fractionator techniques

Stereological approaches are based on statistics and geometry. These methods can provide information about the volume, length, surface area, and numbers of structures from measurements made from two-dimensional sections or images. Stereological techniques are applied to tissues or organs according to the principles of systematic random sampling and, therefore, provide unbiased and realistic results. The fractionator technique is frequently used to estimate the cell population of an entire organ. It estimates the number of particles irrespective of their shape, orientation, size, and distribution. There are two types of fractionators, optical and physical. The physical fractionator method uses two physically separated sections, i.e., a disector pair, while the optical fractionator method employs one thick section for particle counting. Both apply the same basic logic for tissue evaluation. The optical fractionator technique is frequently employed, especially in neurostereological studies, because of its great efficiency. The probe and sampling steps employed in estimating the cell population in a tissue or organs are of critical importance. Conducting a pilot study before starting the evaluation may be help identify the correct technique and appropriate sampling strategies. Coefficient of error and coefficient of variation values are the parameters that determine the sampling frequency and number of subjects to be analyzed. Reliable results can be obtained using the fractionator method, one of the best stereological techniques, if it possesses optimal coefficient of error and coefficient of variation values