Characterızation and antibacterial activities of nickel oxide nanoparticles mediated ın walnut (carya illinoensis)

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Carya illinoensis (ceviz) yaprak özütü kullanılarak yeşil sentez yöntemiyle nikel oksit (NiO) nanoparçacıklarının (NP) üretimini sağlamak, elde edilen nanoparçacıkların karakterizasyonunu gerçekleştirmek ve antibakteriyel aktivitelerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yeşil sentezde indirgeme ajanı olarak ceviz yaprak özütü, metal kaynağı olarak ise 2 mM nikel klorür (NiCl₂·6H₂O) çözeltisi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen nanoparçacıklar UV-Vis spektrofotometresi, X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) ve geçirimli elektron mikroskobu (TEM) ile karakterize edilmiştir. Antibakteriyel etkinlik, disk difüzyon yöntemiyle Escherichia coli ve Staphylococcus aureus suşları üzerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: UV-Vis analizi, 345 nm dalga boyunda tek bir pik göstermiş; bu, nanoparçacıkların optik saflığını ve mono-disperse yapısını desteklemiştir. XRD sonuçları, NiO nanoparçacıklarının yüzey merkezli kübik (FCC) kristal yapıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. TEM analizleri, nanoparçacıkların küresel morfolojiye sahip olduğunu ve ortalama 45,25 ± 9,50 nm boyutlarında olduğunu göstermiştir. Antibakteriyel testlerde, gram pozitif S. aureus bakterisine karşı gram negatif E. coli’ye kıyasla daha yüksek inhibisyon zonları elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: Carya illinoensis yaprak özütü ile gerçekleştirilen yeşil sentez, çevre dostu ve etkili bir yöntem olarak öne çıkmakta; sentezlenen NiO nanoparçacıkları, hem yapısal özellikleri hem de antibakteriyel aktiviteleri açısından potansiyel biyomedikal uygulamalar için umut vadetmektedir

Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of a novel 1D polymeric compound 1 on human prostate cancer cells

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the morphological and cytotoxic effects of 1D polymeric compound on human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) at concentrations of 1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 M. Material and Methods: The cytotoxic effects on cell proliferation were examined using the Neutral Red (NR) and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests in a dose and time-dependent manner. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was used as the positive control both alone and in combination with compound 1 to study the antagonistic and synergistic effects of various combinations on cell proliferation. Additionally, ELISA was used to determine if apoptosis or necrosis had occured. Results: The effects of compound 1 on cell morphology was observed to be significant at 50 µM for 24 hr. While NR method recorded IC50 values of 160 and 27 µM for 24 and 48 hr. respectively; MTT method were calculated as 115 and 51 µM. The IC50 value wasn’t determined after 5-FU treatment for 24 and 48 hr. IC50 values of combined concentrations were calculated as 68 and 21 µM for two different time periods. The synergistic effect was observed at 100 and 50 µM concentrations for 24 and 48 hr respectively. Compound 1 concentrations of 50 and 100 µM in the cells increased apoptotic effects in a dose-depended manner. Conclusion: In conclusion, varying concentrations of compound 1 changed the morphology of cells and in a dose and time-dependent manner, reduced proliferation. Furthermore, large quantities of compound 1 and 5-FU had synergistic effects and caused apoptosis, which is the process by which cells die.No sponso

The role of temperamental characteristics in growth rates of theory of mind : a Turkish care types study

Background Environmental factors and child characteristics play roles in the development of the theory of mind (ToM). Objective This study investigates the impact of early rearing environment and child temperament on the development of the ToM by evaluating children under the care of social services at three different time points. Methods This study included 112 children from institutions, 60 from care villages, 62 from group homes, and 51 from foster care. These children were tested at three time points with 8-month intervals. The age range of the children was 23–62 months at the first time point and 40–78 months at the third. Frustration and perceptual sensitivity as child temperamental characteristics were assessed with the Early Child Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire, while ToM was evaluated with a ToM task battery.Hierarchical linear modeling was performed to test the growth rate of ToM. Results A three-way interaction (Frustration × Care Type×Time) revealed that children’s ToM understandings significantly improved over time across most conditions for children with high frustration in both group homes and institutions as well as for children with low frustration in institutions. However, children with low frustration in group homes did not show significant improvement, emphasizing the potential protective role of frustration in institutional settings. Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of child characteristics and early rearing environment on the development of the ToM over time.Funding: The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye supported the current study (TÜBİTAK, Grant Number 113K222)

The role of temperamental characteristics in growth rates of theory of mind: a turkish care types study

Background Environmental factors and child characteristics play roles in the development of the theory of mind (ToM). Objective This study investigates the impact of early rearing environment and child temperament on the development of the ToM by evaluating children under the care of social services at three different time points. Methods This study included 112 children from institutions, 60 from care villages, 62 from group homes, and 51 from foster care. These children were tested at three time points with 8-month intervals. The age range of the children was 23–62 months at the first time point and 40–78 months at the third. Frustration and perceptual sensitivity as child temperamental characteristics were assessed with the Early Child Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire, while ToM was evaluated with a ToM task battery. Hierarchical linear modeling was performed to test the growth rate of ToM. Results A three-way interaction (Frustration × Care Type×Time) revealed that children’s ToM understandings significantly improved over time across most conditions for children with high frustration in both group homes and institutions as well as for children with low frustration in institutions. However, children with low frustration in group homes did not show significant improvement, emphasizing the potential protective role of frustration in institutional settings. Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of child characteristics and early rearing environment on the development of the ToM over time.No sponso

Evaluation of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the ınfraorbital foramen

Objective: The infraorbital foramen is the hole on the face where the infraorbital canal, which carries the infraorbital artery, vein and nerve, opens. In our study, we aimed to investigate the infraorbital foramen, which is important in surgical procedures to be performed in the midface region, anatomically and morphometrically. Materials and Methods: In our study, 111 dry skulls and 144 hemifaces were used. The incidence and type of infraorbital foramen were classified. The incidence of accessory infraorbital foramen was investigated. The shortest distance of the infraorbital foramen to the nasal notch, infraorbital margin, alveolar juga of the canines, and the lower end of the zygomaticomaxillary suture; additionally, face width and nasal height were measured with a digital caliper. Results: As a result of the study, 69.4% of the infraorbital foramen in 144 hemifaces were oval, 15.3% were semilunar, 9% were round, and 0.7% were triangular. We did not encounter infraorbital foramen in 5.6% of the hemifaces.We found the average distance of the infraorbital foramen to the nasal notch as 15±1.9 mm, the shortest distance to the lower end of the zygomaticomaxillary suture as 25.37±2.26 mm, the distance to the infraorbital margin as 8.41±1.53 mm, and the distance to the alveolar juga of the canines as 29.79±2.9 mm. We found the mean face width to be 112.76±6.19 mm and the mean nose height to be 51.61±6.19 mm. Conclusion: The infraorbital foramen is an anatomical reference point used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries, especially for local anesthesia applications. In order to prevent nerve damage and provide reliable regional anesthesia during surgical interventions, it is important to have detailed information about the anatomical features of the infraorbital foramen. We believe that our study will provide information about the variations of the infraorbital foramen to clinicians and surgeons.No sponso

Auditability of digital models for compliance with conservation plan implementation provisions in architectural design

Mimarlıkta Sayısal Tasarım Ulusal Sempozyumu (19. : 2025 : Antalya, Türkiye)Mimari tasarım sürecinde koruma amaçlı imar planı hükümlerine uyumun sağlanması hem kısıtlayıcı hem de belirleyici bir etkendir. Dolayısıyla tasarımın erken aşamalarından itibaren koruma amaçlı imar planı uygulama hükümlerine uygunluğun kontrol edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu süreç, elle yapılan kontrollere dayanmakta, zaman ve çaba istemektedir. Hata riskini arttıran bu tarz kontrol yöntemleri yerine dijital modellerin denetlenmesi, kontrol sürecini daha verimli hale getirebilecek ve hata payını azaltabilecektir. Kontrol sürecinin otomatik hale getirilmesi için yönetmeliklere uygunluk kontrol (ACCC- Automated Code Compliance Check) yazılım araçları geliştirilmiştir. Bu araçlar çoğunlukla IFC modellerinin kısıtlara uygunluğunun kontrol edilmesine dayanmaktadır. Ülkemizde IFC modellerinin kontrollerine dayalı, Planlı Alanlar İmar Yönetmeliği için geliştirilmiş web tabanlı araç ile Plansız Alanlar İmar Yönetmeliği’nin hükümlerine uyumun denetlenebileceği bir model önerisi bulunmaktadır. Ancak dijital modellerin orijinal dosya formatından IFC modellerine çevrilmesi, kurallara uyumlu olmayan model elemanlarının tespiti veya modelde değişiklik yapılması gerektiğinde tasarımcıları modelleme aracına geri dönmeye zorlamaktadır. Bu gerekli değişiklikler, modelleme aracıyla kontrol aracının bağlantısız olması nedeniyle doğrudan yapılamamaktadır. Literatürde Revit eklentilerinin kullanımları; duvarların yangın dayanımının kontrolü, kapıların erişim şartlarını sağlayıp sağlamadığının test edilmesi ve enerji etkin tasarım koşullarının yerine getirilip getirilmediğinin denetlenmesi olarak örneklenmektedir. Çalışma, Revit platformunda oluşturulan dijital modellerin koruma amaçlı imar planları hükümlerine uygunluğunun geliştirilen Revit eklentisiyle kontrolünü ele almaktadır. Revit eklentisi C# programlama dilinde Revit API kullanılarak Visual Studio ortamında oluşturulmuştur. Mimari modellerin geometrik olan ve geometrik olmayan verilerinin koruma amaçlı imar planı uygulama hükümlerinin yeni yapıya dair maddelerine uygunluğu denetlenmektedir. Plan hükümlerinin karmaşıklığı ve belirsizliği bu hükümlerin makine diline çevrilmesi sürecinde problemlere neden olmaktadır. Kesinlik içermeyen ve ihtimale dayalı hükümler çalışma kapsamı dışında tutulurken dijital model elemanlarının hesaplanabilir ve kıyaslanabilir özelliklerine odaklanan hükümler çalışmada değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Geliştirilen Revit eklentisi Elmalı (Antalya) Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı Uygulama Hükümleri’nin yeni yapılaşmaya ilişkin hükümler başlığında yer alan maddeleri üzerinde test edilmiştir. Test sonuçları, geliştirilen Revit eklentisinin kısıtlara uygunluk sürecini iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir.Ensuring compliance with the provisions of the relevant conservation-oriented plan is both restrictive and a decisive factor in the architectural design process. Therefore, it is essential to check compliance with the implementation provisions of the conservation plan from the early stages of the design process. This process is carried out manually and requires a considerable amount of time and effort. Instead of such methods that increase the risk of errors, auditing digital models may streamline the process and reduce the margin of error. To automate control processes, different automated code compliance software tools were developed. These software tools are mostly based on checking conformance of IFC models with restrictions. In Turkey, there are automated code compliance checking tools based on IFC models such as a web-based code compliance checking tool for Planned Areas Zoning Regulations and the proposed model control approach for Unplanned Areas Zoning Regulation. However, the conversion of the digital model from the native file format of modelling tools to IFC models compels designers to go back to the modelling tools when alterations are needed, or non-conforming model elements are detected. These necessary alterations cannot be made directly due to the disconnection between the modelling tools and the automated code compliance checking tools. An embedded code compliance checking tool for Autodesk Revit is proposed to solve this problem. In the literature, the Revit Add-Ins have been used for checking the compliance of fire walls with specific conditions, verifying whether doors conform to accessibility rules, and evaluating energy efficient design requirements. The study focuses on the development of a Revit Add-In to check whether the digital models created in the Revit platform comply with the provisions of the conservation plans. The Revit Add-In was developed using the Revit API and C# in Visual Studio. The geometrical and nongeometrical data of elements in architectural models are audited within the scope of the articles on “new buildings” in the implementation provisions of conservation-oriented plans. The complexity and ambiguity of these articles cause problems when converting them into machine-readable formats. Whereas the provisions that imply probability and uncertainty are excluded, the provisions that focus on calculable and comparable features of digital model elements are evaluated. The developed Revit Add-In has been tested for the provisions on new buildings in the conservation-oriented plan implementation in Elmalı (Antalya). The test results show that the developed Revit Add-In improves the code compliance checking process.No sponso

In Vivo morphology of the sternum with emphasis on the frequency of sternal foramen

Objective To determine the incidence and morphology of the foramen in the sternum and to investigate the connection between the foramen and the types of xiphoid process terminations. Materials and Methods A total of 1600 subjects over the age of 18 were evaluated retrospectively with three-dimensional bone confguration from computed tomography. The localization, morphology of the sternal foramen, and types of xiphoid process terminations were investigated. Results A sternal foramen was found in 127 subjects, with 74 (58.3%) located in the corpus and 53 (41.7%) in the xiphoid process. The xiphoid process termination types were as follows: single in 87 subjects (68.5%), double-ended in 34 subjects (26.8%), and triple-ended in 6 subjects (4.7%). No statistically signifcant correlation was found between xiphoid process termination type and foramen localization (p=0.92, p>0.05). Conclusion The sternal foramen is of clinical important due to the important vital structures such as pericardium and pleura located posteriorly. Due to the high incidence of the sternal foramen and its morphologically large area, preliminary screening must be performed before clinical applications to the region. In addition, the sternal foramen is an important embryological variation that should be taken into consideration in terms of forensic medicine research and medical education.No sponso

Managerial implications of technological unemployment anxiety: a dimensional study

The main purpose of this study is to understand the extent to which technological unemployment anxiety of employees affect the businesses in managerial context. For this reason, an inference has been done by compiling the results of the studies that relates the technological unemployment anxiety with various concepts such as job satisfaction, organizational identification, and employee burnout, at different times in diverse samples. The concept of technological unemployment anxiety is having an increasing impact on the human workforce in the modern era. The dimensions of the concept and various management scales were investigated in this study. As the results were obtained using an original scale developed by the research authors, the study makes a significant contribution to the literature on the concept of technological unemployment anxiety. The research data was gathered from Turkish employees.No sponso

A novel approach to predictor selection among large-scale climate indices for seasonal rainfall forecasting in small catchments

Utilizing identical climate indices as predictors for all climate divisions within large basins may result in unreliable rainfall forecasts at the sub-basin scale. This study aimed to develop a new approach to identify the most effective predictors among large-scale climate indices for seasonal rainfall forecasting in small areas. The proposed approach combines a selective singular value decomposition method (SSVD) with a non-linear sequential forward selection method (NLSFS). Applying the new algorithm for seasonal rainfall forecasting within two climate divisions in Karkheh basin, Iran, indicated that the climate indices identified by the SSVD differed between the study areas. The combination of these indices exhibited a correlation with seasonal rainfall approximately 11% higher than those derived from the SVD method. Moreover, NLSFS significantly enhanced the forecast accuracy compared to the frequently employed linear sequential forward selection (SFS) method, and the optimal predictors chosen by the two methods differed across all seasons.No sponso

Effect on endoplasmic reticulum stress of the combined oral contraceptives in the liver

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of combined oral contraceptive active ingredients ethinylestradiol, drospirenone, and ethinylestradiol+drospirenone for histopathological changes, and endoplasmic reticulum stress levels in the liver. Methods: In the study, 37 to 8-week-old Balb/c female mice were used. Mice were randomly divided into the control, sham, ethinylestradiol, drospirenone, and ethinylestradiol+drospirenone groups. Experimental groups were administered ethinylestradiol, drospirenone, and ethinylestradiol+drospirenone with gavage for 35 days. In liver tissue sections, histopathological changes were detected with hematoxylin&eosin, orcein, Mallory's Azan, and periodic acid-Schiff, and the presence of endoplasmic reticulum stress was detected by Chop and Grp78 immunostaining. Results: The ethinylestradiol+drospirenone group showed significant histopathological changes compared to the control group. Some degenerative changes were noted such as swelling and size differences in hepatocytes in the ethinylestradiol+drospirenone group. When compared to the control group, an increased collagen and elastic fibers density around the vena centralis was observed in the ethinylestradiol+drospirenone group. The expression level of Grp78 protein in female mice given ethinylestradiol+drospirenone was statistically significantly increased compared to the control group. The expression level of Chop protein was significantly increased in the ethinylestradiol, drospirenone, and ethinylestradiol+drospirenone groups. Conclusion: We concluded that the use of combined oral contraceptives increases endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse liver tissue, and as a result, it may cause liver histopathological disorders by promoting cell death.No sponso