L’accès dérogatoire aux sources du droit et le contrôle de l’intégrité scientifique par des acteurs extra-universitaires

International audienceNombreuses sont les entreprises de recherche sur les archives étatiques ou les jugements administratifs qui nécessitent de solliciter un accès dérogatoire. Ainsi, pour une demande d’accès à des archives ministérielles non librement communicables pour des raisons telles que la protection du secret médical ou du secret de la défense nationale, le service des archives nationales ainsi que le ministère concerné par la demande apprécieront les garanties que présente le chercheur. Ce dernier devra alors produire un discours démontrant, notamment, son intégrité scientifique, à l’aide d’attestations de pairs ou d’articles publiés reposant sur des données similaires. Une fois l’accès à ces sources obtenu, l’utilisation des données par le chercheur se trouve également encadrée par les instances ayant délivré l’accès. Le Conseil d’État a, par exemple, fait évoluer les conditions d’accès à ses propres bases de données en 2018. Depuis, le chercheur désireux d’étudier les jugements rendus par les tribunaux administratifs doit s’engager à, entre autres, prévenir le Conseil d’État quinze jours avant toute diffusion publique des travaux issus des données collectées. Qu’il s’agisse de l’accès aux archives ou à la jurisprudence administrative, l’intégrité scientifique du demandeur n’est jamais explicitement mentionnée dans les procédures, mais c’est pourtant elle qui est visée pour autoriser l’accès ou encadrer l’usage des données collectées. Ainsi la présente contribution vise-t-elle à interroger le contrôle de l’intégrité scientifique qui résulte des limitations à l’accès aux sources du droit

Drought‐Induced Weakening of Temperature Control on Ecosystem Carbon Uptake Across Northern Lands

International audienceABSTRACT Rapid warming in northern lands has led to increased ecosystem carbon uptake. It remains unclear, however, whether and how the beneficial effects of warming on carbon uptake will continue with climate change. Moreover, the role played by water stress in temperature control on ecosystem carbon uptake remains highly uncertain. Here, we systematically explored the trend in the temperature control on gross primary production (measured by “ S GPP‐TAS ”) across northern lands (> 15°N) using a standardized multiple regression approach by controlling other covarying factors. We estimated S GPP‐TAS using three types of GPP datasets: four satellite‐derived GPP datasets, FLUXNET tower observed GPP datasets, and GPP outputs from nine CMIP6 models. Our analysis revealed a significant positive‐to‐negative transition around the year 2000 in the trend of S GPP‐TAS . This transition was primarily driven by synchronized changes in soil water content over time and space. The S GPP‐TAS trend transition covered about 32% of northern lands, especially in grasslands and coniferous forests where leaf water mediation and structural overshoot accelerated the drought‐induced transition, respectively. In the future, widespread negative S GPP‐TAS trends are projected in northern lands corresponding with decreasing soil water availability. These findings highlight the shrinking temperature control on northern land carbon uptake in a warmer and drier climate

Micro-mosaicism of <i>BRAF</i> V600E oncogene in normal skin samples of patients with Erdheim-Chester disease.

International audiencee15073 Background: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a histiocyte neoplasm with frequent long bone, retroperitoneal, cardiovascular and/or central nervous system (CNS) involvements. More than half of ECD patients harbor a BRAF V600E mutation, and treatment with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors is highly efficient in most patients. BRAF V600E is also frequent in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), which co-occurs in 14% of patients with ECD. Both ECD and LCH are associated with neurodegeneration (ND) predominating in cerebellum and pons. Detection of BRAF V600E was recently reported in microglia of brain samples of 8 patients with ECD or LCH, some of whom did not have ND (Vicario 2024). In mice, both microglia and epidermal Langerhans cells are self-renewed cells derived from yolk-sac progenitors. Methods: Patients with Erdheim-Chester with BRAF V600E mutation were included in this study. Normal skin samples were obtained either from biopsies in clinically healthy areas or from margin of basal cell carcinoma. Histology analysis of all samples excluded any histiocytosis or melanocytic tumor infiltration. Rolls were analyzed using digital PCR for wild type and V600E variants of BRAF as described (Hélias‐Rodzewicz 2023). Samples were considered as negative for BRAF V600E, when sequencing depth of BRAF was &gt; 10,000 (biopsies) or &gt; 20,000 (blood or bone marrow (BM) cells. Results: Twenty patients were included with median age 68 years (11males/9females). Nine patients were treated with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors at time of skin biopsy. Eight patients had ND, and 5 had clonal hematopoiesis. BRAF V600E was detected in 18/20 patients. The variant allele frequency (VAF) was always &lt; 1% (median 0.16%, range 0.01% to 0.69%). Median VAF in normal skin was significantly lower than in histiocytosis infiltrated tissues (0.16% (IQR 0.06-0.19) vs 4.3% (IQR 2.9-13), p &lt; 0001). Two of the patients had 2 distinct skin biopsies, both positive for BRAF V600E. Blood and/or bone marrow cells were analyzed in 11 patients with BRAF V600E positive normal skin: 6 contained BRAF V600E, while 5 were wild type. ND was observed in 4/5 patients skin-positive and blood-negative for BRAF V600E, but in only 2/6 skin-positive and blood-negative for BRAF V600. Conclusions: The oncogenic BRAF V600E variant is frequently present in normal skin of patients with ECD, even during treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors. The VAF is lower than in histiocytosis infiltrated biopsies. This suggest that these patients may have a micro-mosaicism of BRAF V600E within self-renewing epidermal Langerhans cells

Les petits Faust, une marge de revalorisation ?

International audienc

Preventing Multimorbidity: Moving Beyond the Single Disease Lens

CommentaryInternational audienc

Automatic detection of human gait events: a simple but versatile 3D algorithm

International audienceBackground : Detecting Foot Strike and Foot Off events in human gait, which is cyclic yet variable, consistently requires expert correction. This subjective correction can reduce spatiotemporal parameters, joint kinematic and kinetic accuracy, regardless of the gait event detection algorithm used from the literature. Recently developed methods have combined existing algorithms to better capture this gait variability, using Ground Reaction Forces. However, those methods do not fully account for intra-individual variability, particularly in the case of multiple and simultaneous gait patterns.Method : We developed a deterministic algorithm called the Multi-Condition algorithm. This algorithm identifies the Foot Strike when the first of the foot markers loses its degrees of freedom and the Foot Off when the last of the foot markers regains its degrees of freedom.Results : This algorithm was tested on 819 C3D gait files from 9 healthy individuals and 50 individuals with stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, polio, neuromuscular disease or amputation. The Multi-Condition algorithm detected both Foot Strike and Foot Off within a range of three frames, which was more accurate and precise than the inter-rater variability of expert correction. Detection of gait events required only a few seconds, regardless of the pathology or gait pattern, even when considering intra-individual variability.Conclusion : Accurately identifying gait events is the first critical step in providing reliable gait analysis parameters for clinicians. The Multi-Condition algorithm aims to achieve deterministic consensus in the accurate and precise identification of gait events, regardless of the pathology or the gait pattern. To promote its adoption and ongoing testing, the Multi-Condition algorithm is available as an open-access resource

Early Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Cattle using SNP beadchip intensity data

International audienceChromosomal abnormalities frequently induce high mortality rate during gestation or after birth. Their early detection is a major challenge for the industry and breeders. The AnEmBoV project aims to identify chromosomal abnormalities, both in in vitro produced embryos (IVP) within selection programs and in calves for herd renewal, to prevent genetic defects, improve fertility, and minimize economic losses and unproductive periods. To provide an early diagnosis solution, we developed a methodology for detecting chromosomal abnormalities based on intensity data from genotyping arrays used in genomic selection. This approach enables the identification of chromosomal anomalies in both embryos and calves, distinguishing individuals with aneuploidies or structural rearrangements. A total of 192 IVP blastocysts were produced and few cells from each embryo were biopsied for genotyping. Five embryos were excluded because of low call rates. By analyzing signal intensity (Log R Ratio or LRR) and B allele frequency (BAF) data, we identified aneuploidy for 26% of the IVP embryos with 1 haploid, 11 triploid, 25 monosomic, 8 trisomic, and 3 tetraploid. We then tested various indicators to estimate the status of each chromosome for each embryo. While genotyping quality can affect detection, we have adapted our approach to different types of aneuploidy and have been able to make reliable predictions. Based on these results, we are currently developing an aneuploidy detection pipeline for genotyped embryos within genomic selection programs. Additionally, we applied this methodology to known cases of bulls carrying chromosomal rearrangements that induce partial aneuploidy in their offspring. Through intensity data visualization, we confirmed the chromosomal status of their progeny, which had previously been predicted using haplotype analysis, even in cases involving genomic regions as small as 2Mb. An automated pipeline is in development for detecting partial aneuploidies and deletions in breeding candidates. The AnEmBoV project is funded by APIS-GENE

La responsabilité sociétale des entreprises de transport international

International audienc

Second-Line Uterotonics for Uterine Atony: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International audienc

Outpatient transurethral resection of bladder tumors: A systematic review of oncologic and safety outcomes

International audienc