A new near-wellbore modeling method for deviated wells incorner-point grid

This paper presents the construction of a high-quality, robust hybrid grid for near-wellbore modeling in the vicinity of a deviated well. The far-field region is modeled using a corner-point grid, while the near-wellbore region-referred to as the volume of interest-is remeshed using a layered unstructured grid, which consists of a combination of Voronoi and radial sub-grids. A detailed gridding and simulation workflow is outlined. The construction of the novel layered unstructured grid begins with building a base surface grid on the surface typically aligned to middle well point. The grids on the other surfaces are built through preserving the base topology but adjusting the nodes of base grid to fit the well points deviating from the base well point. A flow-based node rearrangement method is proposed to adjust the grid nodes to gain high-quality grids on each surface. The positions of new nodes are determined by ensuring equal streamlines and pressure values between nodes on the base and target surfaces, improving grid orthogonality as streamlines remain perpendicular to equipotential lines. The method’s ability to generate high-quality grids for deviated wells is demonstrated through illustrative and validation examples. Computational performance is assessed through direct comparisons across three case studies, showing that the new near-wellbore modeling model provides accurate well solutions and pressure maps with a reasonable computational cost. Additionally, the near-wellbore modeling model outperforms standard models in capturing gas flow with high compressibility, describing flow behavior in heterogeneous reservoirs, and predicting production parameters in multilayer systems.publishedVersio

Exploring Multilevel Governance Networks in Deployment of Positive Energy Districts: Case of Salzburg

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Quantification of NO in the post-flame region of laminar premixed ammonia/hydrogen/nitrogen-air flames using laser induced fluorescence

Ammonia-based fuels have been identified as a promising alternative as zero-carbon energy carriers due to their high energy density and simpler logistics compared to hydrogen. As a disadvantage, the presence of fuel-bound nitrogen can lead to order of magnitude higher emissions of undesired nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to more conventional fuels. Presently, chemical kinetics schemes for the combustion of ammonia and ammonia blends show large variations in the prediction of NO and there is a lack of quantitative experimental data to validate and optimize these reaction mechanisms. This paper presents measurements of NO in the product gases of laminar premixed NH3/H2/N2 air flames on a flat-flame burner for 4 different ammonia decomposition ratios and over a range of equivalence ratios using laser-induced fluorescence in the NO A-X (0,1) system. A linear calibration approach based on the addition of NO to a lean premixed CH4 flame is presented. Initial signal treatment includes the correction of laser absorption, fluorescence absorption (signal trapping) and fluctuations in laser energy. The LIF signals are corrected for changes in the Boltzmann fraction, line overlap, number density, and quenching between calibration and measurement, which requires knowledge of the local temperature and mole fractions of the main species. Temperature measurements using N2 thermometry, where a theoretical N2 Raman spectrum is fitted to an experimental N2 Raman signal, excited by a 532 nm cw laser, allow characterization of the local near-adiabatic flame conditions as a function of operating conditions and adjustment of the signal corrections to the local temperature. Major species are extracted from 1-D simulations. The measured NO mole fractions are compared with five recent chemical kinetic schemes, which show good agreement for rich mixtures, however, a systematic underprediction of NO is found for stoichiometric and lean mixtures. Novelty and significance Emissions of NO are a major challenge for advancement of ammonia as a carbon-free fuel, yet very few measurements of NO levels in ammonia flames exist in the literature. In this paper, we present much needed quantitative experimental data on NO emissions from premixed NH3/H2/N2-air flames using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Our diagnostic approach employs a linear calibration method based on the addition of NO to a lean CH4 flame. Post-flame temperatures are measured by Raman spectroscopy to ensure accuracy of the local thermochemical states used in converting LIF signals to quantitative NO concentrations, accounting for variations in number density, electronic quenching, Boltzmann fraction, and the line overlap integral. Additionally, laser absorption and signal trapping are corrected using the spatial shape of the LIF signal. The presented data set can be used by modelers to refine chemical kinetic models with respect to NO emissions. © 2025 The AuthorsQuantification of NO in the post-flame region of laminar premixed ammonia/hydrogen/nitrogen-air flames using laser induced fluorescencepublishedVersio

Client management in the project domain: towards conceptual integration using cross-disciplinary research

Client management by the delivery organisation is under-researched across the project domain. Reviewing the literature positions client management (CM) as an important topic for improving performance. Three dominant theoretical strands are identified. One strand is based in the disciplines of marketing and organisational behaviour. It is largely located in the delivery firm. The second strand primarily locates CM as part of project marketing. This strand is rooted in operational management and has become positioned tactically as a subset of project management largely at the front-end. A lesser third strand views CM from the project management delivery perspective. The analysis demonstrates the theory-driven lenses employed by the different research strands produce a fragmented picture that limits current understanding. Hence there is a need for conceptual integration. The analysis argues for cross-disciplinary research to induce integration, commencing with the current intersections to create a strategic platform for generating new knowledge.publishedVersio

Rask evaluering av rehabiliterings-tilbudet ved MS-Senteret Hakadal. Kvalitetsforbedringsprosjekt

SINTEF Digital, avd. Helse, faggruppe for helsetjenesteforskning, har på oppdrag fra MS-Senteret Hakadal gjennomført et kvalitetsforbedringsprosjekt med mål om å gi innsikt i gevinsten av rehabiliteringstilbudet for pasientene. Formålet med prosjektet har vært å bidra til tjenesteutvikling og etablere en infrastruktur for fremtidige langsiktige evalueringer. I prosjektet har vi utviklet et nytt evalueringsverktøy, hvor vi i første fase fokuserte på å identifisere hva personer med MS oppfatter som gode rehabiliteringsresultater og hvordan resultater av døgnbasert rehabilitering bør måles. Innsikten ble samlet gjennom kvalitative fokusgruppeintervjuer med inneliggende pasienter og en gjennomgang av relevant forskningslitteratur. Dette resulterte i en kvantitativ spørreskjemapakke som ble distribuert ved innkomst (T1), utskrivelse (T2), og seks uker etter avsluttet opphold (T3) blant pasienter ved fire inntak som deltok på et treukers døgnbasert rehabiliteringsopphold ved senteret. Resultatene fra litteraturgjennomgangen, intervjuer og spørreundersøkelser oppsummeres i denne rapporten.Rask evaluering av rehabiliterings-tilbudet ved MS-Senteret Hakadal. KvalitetsforbedringsprosjektISBN: 978-82-14-07486-4publishedVersio

Building Envelope Modelling. The development of simulation and optimization models for energy-flexible operation in the built environment

This memo describes the development process of simulation and optimization models for energy-flexible operation of building envelopes. These models consist of linear time invariant state space models designed to consider space heating qsh as the input and the following inputs as disturbances: outdoor temperature Tout, global horizontal solar radiation solGlob, internal gains Qint and ventilation heat qvent. A set of nine archetypes has been developed, consisting of three types of building – House, Apartment, and Commercial – at three energy efficiency levels – Regular, Efficient, Very Efficient. The House archetype represents detached and semi-detached houses containing 1.25 dwellings; Apartment represents an apartment building with 16 dwellings; and Commercial represents a building used for commercial purposes. The efficiency levels represent three categories of heat demand required by the buildings: Regular represents a building with energy demand representative of an average of the building stock, Efficient represents buildings from 2010 and later adhering to current energy efficiency guidelines, and Very Efficient represents buildings with energy demand similar to buildings adhering to a Passive house standard. FLEXor is a simulation and optimization tool for energy generation, demand, and use in the built environment. It is implemented in Python. All the sub-models in FLEXor, including the one described in this memo, are designed to be self-standing. Thus, they are self-contained, and do not include the control and/or optimization of other components. However, these models are to become part of a larger high-level model, FLEXor, that may include DHW tanks, electric vehicles, and other different components. Therefore, the models are designed to be i) linear, ii) in state space form (when applicable), and iii) transparent. This will allow the high-level model to be fast, lean, relatively simple, and able to leave a component out of the optimization process if necessary. The main intention of FLEXor is the quantification of energy flexibility in buildings. In particular, the envelope model is used to quantify SH flexibility: this is a demand-side management strategy that relies on shifting the supply of heat for space heating away from hours with high energy prices, and/or by reducing its peak power to lower costs related to power-driven grid tariffs.publishedVersio

Do we have to choose between the ecosystems and the energy transition? Environmental trade-offs with operation of Norwegian hydropower

In Norway, environmental constraints applying to hydropower may become stricter to safeguard local ecosystems. At the same time, Norwegian hydropower can facilitate the transition to more renewable energy within Northern Europe. This study quantifies the aggregated impact of environmental constraints on the Norwegian power system and its interactions with neighbouring countries up to 2050. Requirements for augmented protection of the local environment affect hydropower operation and, hence, the power system. For example, a loss of 3% in production combined with a 4% reduction in average hourly ramp for the Norwegian hydropower fleet results in our case study in up to a 14% increase in average Norwegian power prices and 4% increase in congestion on transmission lines towards neighbouring countries. The abundance of cheap renewable energy can mitigate price augmentation, but losses in flexibility can be difficult to recover completely within the existing hydropower infrastructure. While prioritizing hydropower plants with vulnerable surrounding ecosystems for adding new environmental targets helps limit their constraining effect on the power system, it also leads to an economic disparity between individual plants; stricter environmental constraints on parts of the hydropower fleet increase the revenues of the unaffected part (by up to 10% in our case study).Do we have to choose between the ecosystems and the energy transition? Environmental trade-offs with operation of Norwegian hydropowerpublishedVersio

Regntettheit til vindauge

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Energy retrofitting of heritage-protected buildings: Establishing representative case studies

Europe aims to be carbon neutral by 2050. Efforts concerning the building stock are manifested in directives and programmes that aim to increase the renovation rate. While these efforts are a great starting point, there is a need for more research targeting heritage-protected buildings in cold climates. The challenge is that energy retrofitting and heritage protection are often looked at independently, while a combination is required to account for possible retrofitting limitations associated with buildings otherwise not part of energy-saving efforts. The main objective of the paper is to establish the energy retrofitting potential of buildings under heritage protection in Norway, on both national and local levels. Buildings are categorised according to their characteristics, including building typology, construction period, main construction materials, and heritage protection classes. The proposed workflow which highlights the most representative case studies required to retrofit the heritage-protected building stock, includes retrofitting measures, and a prediction of the overall effect on the respective building stock. Policymakers specifically can profit from the result that less than 10 case studies are required per covered building typology, locally and nationally, to account for more than half of the respective building stock. While the analyses cover buildings in Norway, the approach can be applied on an international scale analogously.publishedVersio

Circularity and waste treatment in a macroeconomic perspective

This report presents a macroeconomic analysis of two scenarios that examine the role of waste-to-energy (WtE) and municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems in a circular economy. Using a trajectory interindustry model, the study assesses how shifts in household consumption patterns and improvements in waste sorting and recycling could affect value creation, employment, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Norwegian economy by 2035. Both scenarios show modest increases in GDP and employment, but also reveal complex trade-offs, including sectoral shifts and increases in GHG emissions. The findings underscore the potential for decoupling economic growth from environmental harm, while also pointing to the challenges of achieving systemic transformation. The report highlights the importance of sectoral policy support and improved data quality to inform future circular economy strategies. It concludes that while circular transitions are feasible, they require coordinated efforts among policy, industry, and society to ensure they are both effective and equitable.publishedVersio