Iconography of Lepanto. Art, propaganda and symbolic representation of a Universal and Catholic Monarchy

Los reyes y emperadores de la Casa de Austria fueron durante siglos los defensoresde la religión católica y la Iglesia de Roma. Los monarcas españoles pertenecientes a este linajehicieron de la defensa de la Fe cristiana un eje esencial de su práctica política, estableciendoun pacto con Dios con un objetivo confeso: una realeza legítima para un planeta católico. Estaalianza será representada en las artes propagandísticamente en las numerosas recreacionespintadas de la batalla naval de Lepanto, que muestran a Dios, la Virgen y los santos tomandoparte en el combate y decidiendo su suerte. Varios cuadros de la Corte de Felipe II dejanentrever las complejas claves dinásticas, espirituales y simbólicas de un momento crucial dela monarquía hispánicaFor centuries, the Habsburg kings and emperors were defenders of the Catholicreligion and the Church of Rome. The Spanish monarchs belonging to this lineage made thedefence of the Christian faith a fundamental core of their political practice, establishing a pactwith God with a declared objective: legitimate royalty for a Catholic planet. This alliance wouldbe represented as propaganda in the arts in the many painted recreations of the naval battle ofLepanto, showing God, the Virgin and the saints taking part in the combat and deciding itsdestiny. Various paintings from the Court of Philip II reveal the complex dynastic, spiritual andsymbolic keys to a crucial moment for the Hispanic monarchy

Inclusive school and training for educators: reflections on the Brazilian reality

O texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre a escola inclusiva e formação de professores de Educação Física no Brasil a luz do fortalecimento, mundial, do movimento inclusivo e a influência do mesmo na elaboração e efetivação de leis nacionais. Através de uma abordagem teórica, promovemos uma discussão sobre o sentido da escola na formação de crianças e jovens, resgatando o papel da disciplina de Educação Física Escolar e questionando a formação de professores e professoras. O entendimento de uma educação para todos é o alicerce da reflexão que instiga a entender a formação em Educação no Brasil, a partir do reconhecimento que, apesar dos limites, as crianças e jovens com deficiências podem, no cotidiano escolar descobrir possibilidades, e assim, os procedimentos didáticopedagógicos servem de alicerce para uma aprendizagem para vida, permitindo que o encontro entre as mais diversas diferenças sejam um fator enriquecedor para o surgimento de postura ética, na prática de uma atividade motora que impere a cooperação, a coletividade, o prazer, o lúdico, em detrimento da competição e da seleção dos mais habilidosos e condicionados.The text aims to present a discussion on the inclusive school and teacher of Physical Education in Brazil in light of the strengthening, global, inclusive of the movement and influence in the framing and execution of national laws. Through a theoretical approach, we promote a discussion about the direction of the school training of children and young people, reviving the role of the discipline of Physical Education and questioning the training of teachers and professors. The understanding of education for all is the foundation of reflection to understand that instigates the formation of Education in Brazil, from there cognition that, despite its limitations, children and youth with disabilities can, at school discover possibilities, and thus didactic-pedagogic procedures serve as a foundation for learning for life, allowing the encounter between the various differences are a factor enriches the appearance ethics, the practice of a motor activity that prevails cooperation, community, pleasure, the playful, to the detriment of competition and the selection of the most skilled and conditioned

Approximation to the domestic service of the high clergy of Murcia during the 18th century

En la España del Antiguo Régimen, el clero fue un grupo social para el que el servicio doméstico tuvo una importancia capital. Con unos hogares que carecían de núcleo conyugal, siempre necesitaron de criadas y amas que se ocuparan de la casa y también de criados y mozos para las más diversas funciones. Por otra parte, como el número de criados constituía un indicador del elevado status social de que gozaban, se tendía a aumentar lanómina de empleados domésticos. Se va a indagar sobre la realidad del servicio doméstico de los prebendados de Murcia y se van a analizar las relaciones que se creaban. Se comprobará que para muchos criados servir a capitulares fue muy rentable porque les permitió iniciar procesos de movilidad social ascendente.In Early Modern Spain, the clergy was a social group for which domestic service was crucial.The households of the clergymen lacked the conjugal core and always needed a maids and housekeepers for dealing with the home and servants for various functions. Moreover, as have many servants were an indicator of high social status, they tended to increase the number of servants. Reality of the domestic service of the Murcia prebendaries will be investigated and the created relationships will be researched too. It will be checked that for many servants was very profitable served to prebendaries because they could initiateprocesses of upward social mobility

Las personas en serio (Los derechos humanos y el Bienestar)

Emphasis is placed in the need of taking persons seriously instead of only taking their rights seriously. Accordingly human well-being (physical, psychological and moral) is a «trump» against any sort of consideration about alleged rights that could go counter human development and well-being.Instead of current talk about classical rights such as liberty, freedom and dignity, too formal and too abstract, the paper deals with three main rights that prove to be more promising:1) The right to be considered as a being whose suffering is to be minimized.2) The right to a free, full personal development.and 3) The right to receive care and sympathy.Against current theories of rights a plea is made for enlightened and enlarged sympathy as the foundation of rights and ethics, thus avoiding the partiality that infects Dworkin's and many other's theories of private ethics

Bentham y los derechos humanos

Bentham's critical statements on the Declaration of Human Rights of the French revolutionaries are supposed to be merely of historical value, as directed against a dated formulation. Against this, it is argued that the essential point of Bentham's argument is valid against any intuitivist interpretation of human rights (that is, against interpretations that take human rights as ultimate, absolute data) but are agreeable with an interpretation that takes Human Rights to be preferred lines of action that are normally conducive to the greatest general hapiness