DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL GEL OF LORNOXICAM

Objective: Transdermal drug delivery systems deliver the drug through the skin at controlled rate to the systemic circulation. It maintains the blood concentration of the drug within the therapeutic system window ensuring that drug levels neither fall below the minimum effective concentration nor exceed the minimum toxic dose. The objective of the present work was to formulate transdermal gel of Lornoxicam. It is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor used in the treatment of inflammation, pain and edema, rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Transdermal gel of Lornoxicam was formulated using triethanolamine as solvent, HPMC K100 and EC as polymers. Formulated gel was evaluated with respect to different physiochemical parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability.  In-vitro release study was performed for 10 hrs.  Selected formulation was subjected to stability testing at different temperatures. Results:  There was good homogeneity in all formulations and no lumps were present. The pH of the gel formulations was in the range of 6.77 to 7.14. Viscosity of various formulated gels was found in the range of 2176.5 to 3468.4 centipoises.  The cumulative percent drug release after 10 hrs in between 50.3 to 82.11%. Accelerated stability studies for 12 weeks revealed that the transdermal gel formulation were stable at up to 45oC. Conclusion: Study concludes Lornoxicam can be delivered in the form of transdermal gel in an efficient way. On basis of drug content, particle size morphology, in-vitro release and stability studies, it can be concluded that formulation LTG4 was an optimum formulation. Peer Review History: Received 23 November 2016;   Revised 6 January; Accepted 10 February, Available online 15 March 2017 Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected] Reviewer(s) detail: Prof. Dr. Syamsudin Abdillah, Pancasila University, Indonesia, [email protected] Noha El Baghdady, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected]

MURRAYA KOENIGI-A BOON IN DIFFERENT PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Since very long period of time medicinal plants or their bioactive compounds have been utilized by majority of world population particularly in developing countries for primary and traditional healthcare system. At present scenario, people are more interested to use herbal drugs because they are considered as safe and inexpensive having no adverse effects. Different parts of the plants like roots, leaves, stem, bark, fruits and seeds have been used in treatment of different diseases and strengthening the immune system.  Murraya koenigii, is a herb from mainly Asian origin, it has therapeutic applications such as in bronchial disorders, piles, vomiting, skin diseases, night blindness, dysentery, diarrhoea, bites of poisonous animals, bruises and eruption etc. The present review is an attempt for description of M. koenigii, its phytochemical constituents and various pharmacological activities.                      Peer Review History: Article received on- 28 September 2016;  Revised on- 3 November; Accepted on- 11 December;  Available online 15 January 2017 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Masoumeh Divar, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, [email protected] Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, [email protected]

INVESTIGATION OF PRONIOSOMES GEL AS A PROMISING CARRIER FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF GLIMEPIRIDE

Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop a proniosomal carrier system that is capable of efficiently delivering entrapped glimepiride over an extended period of time for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Methods:  Proniosomal gels were developed based on span 60 with and without cholesterol. The entrapment efficiency of drug inside niosomes developed from hydration of the proniosomes gel was also characterized. The in vitro release and skin permeation of glimepiride from various proniosomes gel formulations were investigated. The stability studies were performed at 4°C and at room temperature. Results: The maximum entrapment efficiency was obtained when the cholesterol concentration was 10% of total lipid (90.02%). In vitro release through mixed cellulose ester membrane showed sustained release of drug from proniosomes gels. In vitro drug permeation across rabbit skin revealed improved drug permeation and higher transdermal flux with proniosomes gels compared to hydro-alcoholic gel of drug. Also, good physical stability was also achieved with proniosomes gels. Kinetics of in vitro skin permeation showed diffusion model of drug release from formulations. Conclusion: The study proved that the concentration of cholesterol had great influence on the properties of proniosomes gels. Hence, proniosomes preparation containing 10% cholesterol can significantly increase trans-epidermal flux and prolong the release of glimepiride.         Peer Review History: Article received on- 6 October 2016;  Revised on- 10 November; Accepted on- 8 December;  Available online 15 January 2017 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Heba M. Abd El-Azim, Damanhour University, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Mohamed Derbali, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia, [email protected]

ALHAGI MAURORUM AND TAMARIX APHYLLA -TWO MEDICINAL WEEDS MENTIONED IN HOLY QURAN AND AHADITH AND THEIR ETHNOMEDICINAL USES IN DISTRICT RAJHANPUR OF PAKISTAN

The present research work is based on two medicinal weeds: Alhagi maurorum and Tamarix aphylla (L.) mentioned in the 57 Ayat of Sura Al-Baqarah and 16 Ayat of Sura Saba in Holy Quran respectively. These plants were collected from Rajhanpur District, Punjab, Pakistan. The foremost purpose of this study is to document the knowledge of the ethnomedicinal significance of these plants in the light of Islam. An extensive and complete data was recorded. The comprehensive morphological character of these species was discussed. Botanical names, family, Quranic name, Arabic name, English name, Vernicular name, habit and habitat, distribution, parts used, medicinal uses are documented and references cited from Holy Quran, Ahadith. Peer Review History: Article received on- 7 August; Revised 11 September;  Accepted 14 October; Available online 15 November 2016 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Navin Goyal, Himachal Institute of Pharmacy, HP, India, [email protected] Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, [email protected]