MGNREGA: a boon to rural development

The term Rural Development is the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people. In India, out of the total population, 83.3 crores of the population living in rural areas and this population is characterized by mass poverty, low levels of literacy and income, high level of unemployment, and poor nutrition and health status. The rural developmental programmers intend to reduce the poverty and unemployment, to improve the health and educational status and to fulfill the basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing of the rural population. To improve the conditions of rural people, Government of India has launched various schemes such as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), Rashtriya Sama Vikas Yojana (RSVY), Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY), Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), etc. All these schemes are aimed to reduce the gap between rural and urban people, which would help reduce economic imbalances and speed up the development process. This article highlights Impact, Issues, and Challenges of MGNREGA on Rural Development

The occupational stress women teachers towards joint and nuclear society

Work is a central part of human life. It is the expression of the basic need to accomplish, to create, to feel satisfaction, and to feel meaningful. The rapidly changing nature of work has resulted in new and far-reaching mechanisms for management control in the form of monitoring, layoffs, and change in work rules, all of which contribute to increased levels of occupational stress. Although office work has always been stressful, several scientific studies and surveys have helped focus attention on the issue of job stress. Among the major negative effects of the job, stress is its impact on a person’s self-image and self-esteem, which in turn, affects one’s relationship with family, friends, and co-workers. The problems last far longer than the time we spend at work and are not easily left behind at the end of the day

Critical review on telephone conversation in Greek and German: attending to the relationship aspect of communication

The research was intended at focusing on how German and Greek ways of opening and closing the conversation on telephone calls attending to the relationship aspect of communication. This study as well to know how to counteract a possible intrusion through the telephone call and how to terminate the call without causing and bad feeling

Grammatical gender and its function

If you speak another language like Spanish or German, you are familiar with grammatical gender. In Romance languages (and many others), nouns have a gender. In French, a chair is a la chaise, a feminine noun, and a hat is le chapeau, a masculine noun. But did you know that English used to have gendered nouns too? Of course, gender did not disappear entirely. We still have gendered pronouns in English; he, she and it. Do you think English would be better with grammatical gender? Many people don’t really know about gender in adjective or noun in English, they know that they exist. But if we want to improve yourself, we need to pay more attention to this small thing. It can make so much difference if we know about it. Grammatical gender also makes English will look better

Prevalence and correlates of functional limitation among elderly in Kerala

Performance of IADL could be closely related to biological variables such as age and sex. Since women outnumbered men among the sample population, it is hopeful to conclude that elderly women can be relished with functional independence, but in the advancement of their age, they have to suffer a lot. The results of the study showed that the extended life year is accompanied by increased demands on health care delivery systems as more part of life may be spent with some functional limitation. The prevalence of physical disability in elderly persons with functional limitation is, therefore, important for policy development in the care of the elderly. The most effective way to reduce the proportion of the population with disabilities is to delay the onset of disabilities. Living independently in familiar surroundings surely promotes a better aging and the development of living environments together with functional ability exert a profound influence on active aging. In Kerala situation, geriatric care should be focused on the necessities of elderly women since they have to live more years with functional limitation and disability than males. The number of people surviving into old age is increasing. The growth of the elderly population is expected to escalate in the coming years with respect to the general population. Longevity of people may result in poor health status, disability and loss of functional health. Information on disability is very important in responding to the care of the elderly

An exploratory study on the use of social media for social marketing

Social media refers to the online media that allows multi-directional conversations and real-time interactions such as social networking sites (SNS), blogs, discussions forums, content sharing, social bookmarks, wikis etc. Over the last decade, social media marketing has become a key focus area for both marketing practitioners and researchers. This paper focuses on the impact of social media in the domain of social marketing. For this study, we consider previous academic research in the area of social media and social marketing published in eminent research journals and management. After creating a summative background of social media and social marketing, we propose a model to understand the role of social media as a catalyst in the process of social change. Finally, we present two cases where social media played a significant role as a social catalyst

Effective management of intellectual capital and organizational performance on selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria

Intellectual capital is the deployment and management of intellectual capital resources and their transformations to maximize at present the organization's value creation in the eyes of its shareholders. Organizational performance is the extent to which the organizational objectives and goals are achieved in a competitive global business world. Most manufacturing firms fail in Nigeria because of inability to identify the right caliber of the workforce, know-how, relational management, and lack of power-sharing knowledge within and outside the operating environment. The objectives of this paper are: to ascertain the extent to which human capital development can be planned and harnessed to have differentiation advantage; explore the extent of relational capital can control low-cost provider advantage and determine the extent to which organizational capital can be designed most effectively in a competitive business world. Findings in line with the objectives revealed that human capital development promotes organizational synergy, motivation, and understanding. Also, that effectiveness of planning, control, performance measurement, profitability, and future viability can be determined. A combination of the use of secondary data, oral interview, and content analysis was adopted. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. Conclusion and recommendations were drawn along that direction