いじめ加害者の心的世界についての比較文化的研究 : 絵本における表現と心理教育の可能性

I examined how the perpetrator and the bystander of bullying are portrayed in picture books in Japan and abroad. A total of 16 domestic and foreign works were taken up and compared with regard to the causes, the form and place of bullying, the role of the main character, the consequences, and the involvement of adults in solving the problem. In Japanese books, the causes of bullying were not clearly described and there was little adult involvement in the solution. This is likely to be related to the low rate at which adults are able to identify bullying in their children or classroom. Abroad, the causes of the bullying were visibly described and many of the problems were solved in the end. This may be related to the fact that picture books are often used for character education abroad, referring to the teacherʼs note in the books. The interchange of roles―perpetrator,bystander and victim―has been described both in Japan and abroad.In the second study, a practical study was carried out to examine the possibility of using picture books for psycho-education. Some suggestions were also made about the psycho-educational use of a picture book by a U.S. author, called Each Kindness, which depicts the Japanese“invisible”bullying perpetrators, such as ignorance and ostracism

A Bibliography of William Empsonʼs Japan and Japanʼs William Empson

This is the first bibliography of the poet, literary critic, and philosopher William Empson (1906-1984) in his relation with Japan. Empson arrived in Tokyo in May 1931 to take up a position as Professor of English Literature at Tokyo University of Literature and Science (Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku), and departed from Yokohama to return to England in July 1934. During the interim, as Japan was entering fully into a period of unprecedented turmoil, and Tokyo was shaken by earthquakes and political assassinations, Empson, inspired by seventh-century Buddhist sculptures in Nara and Kyoto, wrote the early drafts of Some Versions of Pastoral (1935) and The Face of the Buddha (2016).The bibliography draws on the work of three years by members of a research group affiliated with Tokyo Womanʼs Christian University, conducted in libraries and other institutions in Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, South Korea, China, and Sri Lanka. The results are presented in six sections.First is the 1,800-word technical introduction, which includes explanation of the principles of inclusion, organizational structure, and bibliographical conventions, the latter of which are a hybrid of English and Japanese, designed to make citations understandable to readers of both English and Japanese, or of either one but not the other.This is followed by the 7,600-word essay, ‘Empsonʼs Japan’, which more fully than any previous work traces the cultural history of Empson in Japan. The essay outlines the political milieu of Japan whilst Empson was in the country, documenting the political violence of Tokyo while he lived in the city, and includes details from primary sources that trace his activities and affiliations, including new details about the identity of the Japanese woman who appears in Empsonʼs most engaging poem of Japan, ‘Aubade’ (1933), with whom Empson had an affair serious enough that they considered marriage. Andō Haru, the presiding presence in Empsonʼs ‘Aubade’, is given a full name here for the first time in any critical work, and a history more complete than any that has come before.Following this is the bibliography itself in four bilingual sections. Section A, ‘Works by William Empson Published in English in Japan’ (17 entries), offers for the first time full details of Empsonʼs writing and publications while he was in the country, including details not before noted about his first book of poems, published in Tokyo in a limited edition of 100 in 1934, and of the first appearance of five central chapters of Some Versions of Pastoral, ‘Marvellʼs Garden ’and‘ The Double Plot in Troilus and Cressida’ in 1932, ‘Proletarian Literature’ and ‘They That Have Power’ in 1933, and ‘The Beggarʼs Opera’ published over nine issues of a Japanese literary journal in 1933 and 1934. These works have been noted before in Empson scholarship, but with details scrambled, titlesand dates wrong, to such a degree that this work is the first that will allow researchers actually to find them in libraries that hold them.Section B, ‘Japanese Translations of Empson’ (18 entries), offers the first full accounting of the subject, from early translations of Empsonʼs poems through two full translations of Seven Types of Ambiguity and the only Japanese translation of Some Versions of Pastoral.Section C, ‘Reminiscences of Empson and Related Works Published in Japanese’ (21 entries), offers the first full accounting of these primary documents, some not noted before in any work, others noted before but with errors in citation serious enough to impede finding the works in libraries that hold them.Section D, ‘Critical Works and Reviews of Empson Published in Japan’ (106 entries), offers the first and only systematic accounting of the critical reaction to Empson in Japanese

韓国における介護の質に関する定期評価及び昼・夜間保護サービス提供の研究 : 介護サービス供給の法的基盤との関連で

本研究では，韓国が 2008 年に老人長期療養保険制度を創設以後，保険者である国民健康保険公団が毎年実施している介護サービス提供事業者への定期評価の過程及び評価結果に注目する．直近の在宅サービスの評価結果・分布及び施設サービスの評価結果・分布がサービス提供事業者の特性や利用者数の規模の影響をどの程度受けているかについて検討した．その結果，個人が経営している場合及び利用者数が 10 人未満の場合に，公団の定期評価の点数が他の場合に比べ著しく低いことが明らかになった．なお，運営の形態としては，他に法人と地方自治体の場合があり，利用者数については，他に 10人以上 30 人未満と 30 人以上の区分がある．本研究では，介護の質が，①介護サービスが正しいルールに基づき適切に提供されること，②サービス利用者自身が望むサービスを適切な頻度で利用できること，という 2つの条件から構成されるという視点に立つ．　しかしながら，政府機関である保健福祉部が 2013 年に創設した 2 つのタイプの「昼・夜間保護サービス」の条件付き介護報酬増額ルールは，この介護の質の視点に真っ向から対立するルールでしかないという構造的問題性を指摘した．増額ルールというのは，1 日の昼・夜間保護サービスが 8 時間以上で 1 か月に 20 日以上利用すれば当該の高齢者の等級で定められた月額介護報酬額が 20% ないし 50% 増額されるというルールである．当該高齢者が認知症対応型の昼・夜間保護サービスを利用するか否かで増額の比率が 2 つのタイプに分かれる．こうした新ルールを創設した保健福祉部の価値観が，高齢者モデルではなく「介護者家族モデル」に立脚するものであることを本研究で指摘した．本研究の主要な関心の 1 つである介護者家族モデルの発想が，長期療養に深く関連する老人長期療養保険法，保健医療基本法，老人福祉法という重要な法律の法理に見られるかどうか検討した結果，老人長期療養保険法及び保健医療基本法の 2 つの法律についてその目的が記載された条文に含まれていることが確認できた．The main purpose of this study was to clarify relationships between the degree of assessment, ranging from classes A to E by the National Health Insurance Service, the three types of service providers, including individual and municipal corporative organizations, and the number of service recipients (> 30 people > 10 people and < 10 people)．This study addresses serious problems related to the use of day and night care services. The Department of Health and Welfare set two rules for this service in 2013. The first rule is that when a frail older patient receives day and night care for more than 20 days/month at more than 8 hours/day, the monthly limit of the benefit is up to 120%. The other rule is that for demented older patients who receive day and night care for more than 15 days /month and more than 8 hours/day, the monthly limit of the benefit increases to 150%．The concept of quality of care consists of two principles, The first principle is that care service should be provided appropriately and properly, and the other is that frail or demented older patients should receive care services of the proper length and frequency．There is a serious problem with the two new rules set out by the Department of Health and Welfare in 2013. How could extraordinary usage of day and night care make the frail or demented patient comfortable and secure?This research address three laws : the Act on Basic Health and Medical Care, the Act on Social Welfare for Older Adults, and the Act on Long-Term Care Insurance for Older Adults．Two models have been proposed in previous research, such as the older adult-centered care model, and that involving a caregiver in a family-oriented care model, in the long-term care policy. The Act on Long-Term Care Insurance for Older Adults and the Act on Basic Health and Medical Care are based on the caregiver in the family-oriented care model．We conclude that the policy of the Department of Health and Welfare is based on the caregiver in the family-oriented care model, but not on the older adult-centered care model