A Dramatic Text is a Fully Rounded Unit Only when it is Performed, Since it is Only in the Performance that its Full Potential is Realized

The study focuses on different approaches to the study of drama put forward by different semioticians. It also demonstrates how all theater semioticians' agreement that the dramatic text (written text) is radically conditioned by its performability (miseen scène) has had a great impact upon translation studies and has led some theoreticians of translation studies to reexamine their position towards translating theater texts. It dwells upon the interface of two theoretical frameworks—the Semiotics of Theater and Theater Translation—as well as on the theoretical polarization between the notions of performability and readability in Theater Translation since the mid-1980s. A dramatic text is a fully rounded unit only when it is performed, since it is only in the performance that its full potential is realized. Real translation takes place on the level of the ‘miseen scène as a whole’ according to Patrice Pavis(1989, 41; author's emphasis)in his article "Problems of Translation for the Stage: Intercultural and Post-Modern Theatre,". The second part of the paper presents how Susan Bassnett and Patrice Pavis, a translation theoretician and a theater semiotician, respectively, have polarized the theory of theater translation into the notions of performability (or playability) and readability since the mid-1980s. In conclusion, the research endeavors to explicate the current theoretical polarization between performability and readability and suggests that this polarization is merely a reductionist illusion.Keywords: Performability/miseen scène, qualitative data, Intercultural and Post-Modern Theatre, interface of two theoretical frameworks, theoretical polarization

AN ASSESSMENT OF TEACHER TRAINING IN ENGLISH PREPARATORY PROGRAMS: A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION

Teacher education has always been the main concern in English Language Teaching (ELT) domain. However, being able to learn the ultimate techniques and approaches along with the theories does not necessarily mean that they were internalized properly up to the desired level to actualize them in the classroom atmosphere of a newly graduate. The term “sustainable continuous learning” comes into mind, and, therefore, should be part of a teacher’s life. “Sustainable continuous learning” takes form in several ways. It can either be through in-service training or special courses which are held by the worldwide recognized institutions. In both ways the teachers can benefit and keep themselves up-to-date in the ever changing ELT world. “Continuous learning” becomes so predominant that teachers are obligated keep abreast of the latest developments in ELT world either from journals or forums. In this study qualitative research is conducted through a questionnaire circulated on teacher training (TT) perception. The questionnaire and the results of their analysis are presented in this study to reinforce the significance of continuous learning in teacher training.Keywords: Teacher education, continuous learning, autonomous learning, in-service-training

The Artistic Value of Urban Albania Dress in the 19th and 20th Centuries

The aim of this study is to speak about the artistic value of urban Albania dress in the 19th and 20th centuries. Specifically the quality and artistic value that the urban dress contribute in the quality of development for the cultural heritage of Albania. We have studies dedicated to the dress of the rural population whereas we have none for the urban populations and their artistic value. This isn’t to say that the urban dress hasn’t been developed during this time. Therefore in this study we will depending on a bibliography of different scholars—historians and ethnologists that have done analyses of the rural dress; or, in other cases, a piece of writing has mentioned the origin and production of the different fabrics, that were produced for a special person or the attire of those in the cities in general, by those in the village. This happened because the consolidation and institutionalization in general, and specifically for the art and culture that were shaped and consolidated over 900 (nine hundred) years after the declaration of independence on November 1912. This is why the studies in this field are rare and don’t specifically speak about the urban dress and their artistic value. This study will focus on the value of the special artistic features of the attire of the urban population.Keywords: Urban dress, Urban attire, Artistic value, Artistic Characteristics and features

Dickens to Lean: From Great Expectations to Great Adaptation(s)

The first part of this paper focuses on a close reading of certain episodes from book two of Dickens's Great Expectations as it is here that the reader encounters Pip's descriptions of, what is for him, a new world at their strongest. Three aspects of the way Pip describes this new world are at the centre of this analysis: Pip's experience of urban space, the way it affects those around him, and the aspect of class. These observations will give an insight into the highly cinematic Dickens's world, which has been a subject of many adaptations. Probably the best is David Lean‟s adaptation of Great Expectations, the focus of the second part of the paper, which elaborates on cinematic strategies devised by Lean to successfully adapt the novel, ranging from chiaroscuro cinematography and evocative sets to a careful balance between realistic and Gothic elements.Keywords: urban space, emptiness, adaptation, Gothic, voice-over narracion, etc

Eurocodification of the Legal Framework in Albania during King’s Zog Monarchy (With a Special Attention to the Civil Code)

One of the most important challenges that the Albanian State had to accept in the first decades of its creation, was the preparation and the approval of a legal framework that was supposed to place several public and social rules. The Albanians did not experience the humanist period from 14th to 16th century as other European populations, because it was interrupted by the Ottoman occupation. So the only governmental tradition which survived during this epoc were the Canons: The Canon of Lekë Dukagjin (Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit) and the Canon of Skanderbeg (Kanuni i Skënderbeut). Albania gained its independency from the Ottoman Empire, but still the country was ruled by Sheriat (Shariat from Arab, šariʿa, shari’a, sharyat), most of all because of the fact that there was not a national legal framework until 1930. After the proclamation of the Monarchy and the approval of its Statute (Constitution), started the work on the preparation of different codes; the crucial one: The Civil Code. This process was the first step for the Albanian Legislator to compare the secularity of the European legal framework to the Ottoman Empire one. In Albania, there was a such coexistence between the old empiric laws, the religious traditions and the tribal laws survived from the past; a mixed regime like the diversity of the population itself.Keywords: Civil Code, Latin model, Sheriat, property, heritage, eurocodification

Types of Homonyms in Terminology and Ways of Teaching Them

The central aim of this article is to introduce some ways of teaching homonymy typical of specialized texts. Homonymy will be treated regarding its types and new ways of teaching it will be examined closely. This article is based on a study conducted in Albanian forestry compared with English language. Specialized language is the universal language among specialists of a domain and it should leave no room for ambiguity. But in some texts, students come across a set of terms which appear homonymous. Homonymy requires a special importance and treatment because it causes problems with respect to specialists' communication if it isn't avoided. Identifying and studying homonymy serves students as future professionals not only to avoid it but also to communicate more efficiently and easily. Good communication means that the message that you wish to send is received by the intended recipients without being distorted in any manner. Finally, we have tried to present and recommend some effective ways to teach students and make them recognize homonyms whenever they encounter them.Keywords: homonymy, specialized texts, lexical ambiguity, communication

Composition of Hazelnuts (Corylus Avellana L.) Grown in Albania

Located in the Western Balkan, Albaniais characterized by a Mediterranean climate, which is present in most of its territory. Its geography imposes the possibility of cultivating nuts, showing economic interest in agriculture. The hazelnuts (Corylus avelana L.) in the national subsidy scheme, currently under implementation, are showing high interest in increasing the cultivated nuts’ plantation area. Beyond the economic interest, nuts show a high scientific interest due to their significant contribution to the Mediterranean Diet and their nutritional benefits, such as being an essential source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential minerals. Preliminary studies on the main constituents from the two hazelnut cultivars, Visoka and Tonda romana cv., were conducted in two selected regions during the 2011harvesting year. The fatty acid analysis used the AOAC (2000) method. The chemical characterization indicated that the main constituent in the dried hazelnuts results in triglycerides of 59.9- 61.02 g/100 g dry weight. The protein content varies from 14.25-15.14g/100g, and carbohydrates vary from 18.21-20.55 g/100 g dry-weight hazelnut. Minerals with higher values resulted in potassium of 907 mg100g-1 and calcium of 190.5 mg 100g-1. Iron, manganese, magnesium, and copper were other minerals of nutritional importance