Effect of Health Education on Health Behavior in Patients with Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is a disease that can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure that can lead to death. Someone who has a risk factor for hypertension must be more vigilant and earlier in conducting prevention efforts. Prevention is to control the blood and improve the understanding of hypertension through health education in order to identify and reduce risk behavior hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect health education program 0n health behavior in patients with hypertension.Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control design. This conducted in Purwo Bakti Husodo, Purwodiningratan and Mojosongo integrated development post Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (Posbindu). A total sample of patients with hypertension as many as 30 people the treatment group and 32 control group. Data analysis using paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon and using independent sample t-test or Mann Whitney.Results: No effect of hypertension health education to the knowledge of hypertension (p<0.001). There is an effect on the attitudes of health education hypertension patients with hypertension (p=0.014). Health education hypertension influence the change risky behavior is a history of smoking (p=0.005), eating salty foods (p=0.008) and frequency of exercise (p  0.001), while health education hypertension had no effect statistically significant to change risky behavior that is stress (p=0.322) and BMI (p=0.502).Conclusion: Health education about hypertension effect on knowledge, attitudes, smoking, eating salty foods and exercise while no effect on stress and Body Mass Index (BMI).Keywords: health education, knowledge, attitudes and behavior of hypertension risk.Correspondence: Nur Haryani. School of Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1 (1): 9-18https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.01.0

Factors Associated with Early Marriage in Sleman, Yogyakarta

Background: Early marriageis a complex social issue with indirect implication on the quality of family. Early marriage can indirectly contribute to increasing maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. There were 135 early marriage cases reported in Sleman district in 2013, 150 cases in 2014, and 123 cases in 2015. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors associates with the incident of early marriage in Sleman, Yogyakarta.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design conducted in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Central Java, in Indonesia, August to November 2016.A total sample of 120 study subjects consisting of 40 early married young couples and 80 in time married young couples, was selected for this study, by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was early marriage. The indipendent variables included family disharmony, emotional insecurity, promiscuity tendency, unintended pregnancy, maternal education, family social economic class, parent perception of early marriage, and local culture regarding early marriage. The data were collected by questionnaire and document review at the office of religious affairs. The data were analyzed by path analysis using STATA 13.Results: There were direct relationships between unintended pregnancy (b= 3.40; CI95%= 1.08–5.71; p=0.004), income (b=-1.58; CI95%=0.58 sd 2.18; p= 0.001), promiscuity tendency (b=1.93; CI95%=-3.11–0.06; p=0.042), parent perception of early marriage (b=2.75; CI95%=0.49-5.02; p=0.017), local culture regarding early marriage (b=5.62; CI95%=2.63–8.62; p<0.001) and the incidence of early marriage. There were indirect relationsh e. ips between family disharmony, emotional security, promiscuity tendency, maternal education, and incident of early marriage.Conclusion: There were direct relationships between unintended pregnancy, social economic class, promiscuity tendency, parent perception of early marriage, local culture regarding early marriage and the incidence of early marriage.Keywords: Early marriage, family disharmony, unintended early married, local culturCorrespondence: Nurul Husna. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(2): 87-98https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.0

Association Between Personal and Environmental Factors, Body Position on Low Back Pain at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, in Surakarta

Background: Low Back Pain or LBP often encountered in daily practice, especially in industrialized countries. The study showed that 90.9% of LBP patients experienced a relapse more than once in a year, the relapse was triggered by personal factor, work environment and lack of health information. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors associated with recurrence prevention in patients with Low Back Pain at Medical Rehabilitation Instalation Dr. Moewardi Surakarta HospitalSubjects and Method: The study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. A total of 60 patients with LBP. That data was collected with a questionairre and analyzed by using multiple logistic regression.Results: There was a positive correlation between personal factors and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain: there was a correlation between age and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (O =2.09; 95% CI= 0.36 to 12.09 ; p=0.412), there was  a correlation between sex and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (OR=1.52; 95% CI=0.08 to 28.78; p=0.781), there was a correlation between education level and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (OR=2.38; 95% CI=0.41 to 14.05; p=0.337), there was a correlation between employment and  recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain and it was statistically significant ( OR=9.16; 95% CI=1.35 to 62.39; p = 0.024), there was a correlation between perceptions of Low Back Pain and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain and it was statistically significant (OR=27.81; CI=95% 2.14 to 361.33; p=0.011). There was a positive correlation between environmental factors and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain: there was a correlation between accessibility to health service and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (OR=0.49; 95% CI=0.02 to 14.81; p=0.684), there was a correlation between  environment accessibility and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain but it was not statistically significant (OR=0.73; 95% CI=0.04 to 14.22; p=0.834), there was correlation between family support and recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain and it was not statistically significant (OR=0.30; 95% CI=0.02 to 5.50; p=0.303) .There was a positive correlation between education on Proper Body Mechanics with recurrence prevention in Low Back Pain  and it was statistically significant (OR=35.33; 95% CI=1.65 to 757.32; p=0.023). The most dominant variable in LBP recurrence prevention was patients perceptions of Low Back Pain (p= 0.011).Conclusion: Employment, perceptions of Low Back Pain, and education on proper body mechanic were variables was statistically significant for LBP relaps prevention in this study.Keywords: personal factors, environmental factors, education on proper body mechanics, relapse prevention, LBPCorrespondence: Rina Kurnia. Health Polytechnic, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta University, Surakarta.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1 (1): 19-25https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.01.0

Path Analysis on the Factors Associated with Consistent Use of Female Condom among Female Sex Workers in Surakarta

Background: Female condom is an alternative method to prevent HIV/ AIDS transmission. However, its utilization is low and scanty among female sex workers. It is important to have knowledge on the factors that determine female condom use. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the acceptance and use of female condom among female sex workers in Surakarta.Subjects and Method: It was an analytic and observational study using case control design. The study was conducted at a prostitution area in Surakarta, Central Java, from August to September 2016. A total of 230 female sex workers consisting of 110 female sex workers who used female condoms and 120 female sex workers who did not use female condoms, was selected purposively in this study. The dependent variables were acceptance and use of female condom. The independent variables were sex partner support, peer educator support, and pimp support. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Acceptance of female condom was associated with its use among female sex workers (b = 0.30; p < 0.001). Peer educator support was associated with acceptance of female condom (b = 0.06; p < 0.001). Peer educator support (b = 0.03; nilai p = 0.012) and sex partner support (b = 0.05;  p = 0.042). The association between acceptance of female condom and pimp support was not statistically significant (p = 0.133).Conclusion: Peer educator support and sex partner support have direct association with both acceptance and use of female condom among female sex workers. Keywords: path analysis, support, sex partner, peer educator, consistant use, female condom, female sex workersCorrespondence: Rizka Ayu Setyani. School of Midwivery, Respati University, Yogyakarta. Email: [email protected] of Health Promotion and Behavior(2016), 1(2): 120-126https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.0

Path Analysis and Theory of Planned Behavior on Using PAP SMEAR as Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Sewon I Community Health Center, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Background: Cervical cancer patients per hour has increased by 2.5 people. Women died because of cervical cancer are 1.1 per hours.  Indonesia is the second country after Tiongkok with the largest number incidence of cancer. Pap smear is one of the screening programs to reduce the numbers of cervical cancer genesis. Moreover in Indonesia, the rates of screening Pap smear less than 5%. This study aimed to investigate path analyze of using pap smear with as early detection of cervical cancer by planned theory of behavior in women in Sewon 1 Public Health Center, Bantul.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with the direction cross sectional design. A total sample of 96 women with comprised 32 cases and 64 control with fixed-disease sampling method. Data analysis used path analysis.Results: The results show there is influence between intentions and screening Pap smear (p=<0.000), perceived behavioral control with Pap smear test (p=0.010). An indirectly interaction with the screening Pap smear through intention on attitudes (p=<0.001), subjective norms (p=0.036), and control behavior perceptions (p=0.034).Conclusion: from this study there are interactions directly and indirectly the uses of screening Pap smear based on planned of behavior theory.Keywords: Planned of behavior theory, screening pap smearCorrespondence:Fatimah Dewi Anggraeni. School of Public Health, Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(1): 1-8https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.01.01

Association Between Socio-Economic Factor, Home Sanitation, Sense of Belonging, and Health Behavior, in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Kediri, East Java

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease characterized by high fever and red spots on the skin with unclear causal factor. The increasing number of DHF cases for the past few years indicated poor environmental health indicator.  The purpose of this study was to determine the association between socio-economic factor, home sanitation, sense of belonging, and health behavior, in patients with DHF.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. This study was conducted at Campurejo Health Center, Kediri, East Java. A total sample of 100 patients with DHF were selected for this study. The dependent variable was health behavior. The independent variables were socio-economic factor, home sanitation, and sense of belonging. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multiple logistic regression.  Results: Education ≥ senior high school (OR= 3.15; 95% CI= 1.219 to 8.140; p=0.018), family income ≥ regional minimum wage (OR= 9.143; 95% CI= 3.13 to 26.70; p=0.001), good home sanitation (OR= 3.1; 95% CI= 1.120 to 8.579; p=0.029), and sense of belonging (OR= 12.01; 95% CI= 4.021 to 35.89; p=0.001) were associated with healthier behavior.Conclusion: Education ≥ senior high school, family income ≥ regional minimum wage, good home sanitation, and sense of belonging are associated with healthier behavior.Keywords: education, family income, home sanitation, sense of belonging, health behaviorCorrespondence: Lindha Sri Kusumawati. Faculty of Health Sciences, Kadiri University. Email: [email protected] of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016),  1(4): 238-243https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.04.0

The Roles of Batang Public Hospital, HIV Case Manager, People Living with HIV, Partners, and Peer Support Group, in the Prevention of HIV/AIDS Transmission

Background: Batang Public Hospital is one of the referal hospitals for People Living with HIV (PLHIV). It provides outpatient and inpatient care service for PLHIV. Batang Public Hospital is expected to play its role as a referal hospital in collaboration with the HIV case manager to provide a comprehensive care to PLHIV, including mobile Voluntary Counseling and Test (VCT), and facilitating HIV/ AIDS peer support group. The study aimed to investigate the dynamic interaction between Batang Public Hospital, HIV case manager, VCT nurse, HIV/ AIDS peer support group, and PLHIV, to prevent and control HIV/ AIDS.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with phenomenology approach, conducted in Batang District, Central Java, Indonesia. Study subjects were selected purposively, which included  PLHIV, VCT nurses, Batang Public Hospital administrators, and HIV case manager. The data were collected by in-depth interview.Result: Batang Public Hospital provides health services with VCT clinics, mobile VCT, PICT (Provider Initiative Counselling and Test), PMTCT (Preventive Mother to Child Transmission). However, PMTCT implementation for birthing mothers with HIV/AIDS is referred to Dr. Karyadi Hospital in Semarang. Batang Public Hospital cooperated with HIV case manager in the implementation of mobile VCT. PLHIV have been participating in the prevention of HIV/AIDS program by using condom.Conclusion: Batang Public Hospital and HIV case manager have been collaborating in the provision of and health social services for PLHIV. Peer support group provide assistant to PLHIV to improve the quality of life. PLHIV have been participating in the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission program by using condom and playing their role in the PMTCT program.Keywords: PLHIV, health care, peer support group, health behavior, HIV/AIDS case managerCorrespondence: Dian Kusumawardani. Academy of Midwifery Harapan Ibu, Pekalongan, Central Java.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior(2016), 1(2): 79-86https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.0

Association between Knowledge, Perceived Seriousness, Perceived Benefit and Barrier, and Family Support on Adherence to Anti-Retrovirus Therapy in Patients with HIV/AIDS

Background: The cumulative of HIV/AIDS cases in Surakarta are 1.212 cases, and 376 of them died in the span of Oktober 2005 until Januari 2014 . HIV infections have not found a cure, so it is possible someone with AIDS often experience psychological problems, especially anxiety, depression, which can suppress the immune system, making people more vulnerable against illness and pain. AIDS can not be cured, but the life expectancy of people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA) can be extended with antiretroviral treatment (ART). This treatment can boost immunity so that the quality of life of PLHIV increasedSubjects and Method: The study was observational analytic research with cross sectional design. The location of research in PHC Manahan Surakarta total of 36 patients with HIV / AIDS who do ARV therapy. The data analysis using logistic regression.Results: There is a positive correlation was not statistically significant from the knowledge of the drugs with antiretroviral therapy adherence (OR=4.03; 95% CI= 0.22 to 73.32; p=0.347). There is a positive correlation was statistically significant on the perception of the seriousness of the disease with antiretroviral therapy adherence (OR=26.70; 95% CI= 1.30 to 550.51; p=0.033). There is a positive relationship and statistically significant on the perception of the benefits and barriers to compliance with antiretroviral therapy (OR=17.73; 95% CI= 1.12 to 279.59; p=0.041). There is a positive correlation was statistically significant from family support with antiretroviral therapy adherence (OR=28.89; 95% CI= 1.24 to 647.71; p=0.036). Conclusion: The perception of the seriousness of the disease is the most variable bergubungan with antiretroviral therapy adherence (p=0.033).Keywords: knowledge about ARV, seriousness of the disease, barriers and family support, adherence ARV therapyCorrespondence: Sunaryo. Department of Health, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(1): 54-61https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.01.08         

Path Analysis on the Association Between Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors, and House Sanitation in Bengkulu, Sumatera

Background: Poor sanitation is one of the primary causes of communicable diseases in the world.   According to UNICEF (2012) 116 million people in Indonesia in 2010 were lacking in standard sanitation. In Bengkulu province, only 33.18% household in 2014 and 39.22% in 2015 had access to good sanitation. This coverage was lower than that of the national level at 62.14%.  This study aimed investigating the association between predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors, and house sanitation in Bengkulu, Sumatera.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design.  This study was conducted in Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu, Sumatera from November to December 2016. A total of 120 households were selected by fixed exposure sampling for this study. The dependent variable was household sanitation. The independent variables were family education, family income, health education, social capital, and health behavior. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Family education (b= 1.08; SE= 0.48; p= 0.024) and health education (b= 0.19; SE= 0.07; p= 0.007) had positive and statistically significant effect on household sanitation. Health education had positive and statistically significant effect on healthy behavior (b= 0.09; SE= 0.04; p= 0.018). Social capital had positive and marginally significant effect on healthy behavior (b= 0.05; SE= 0.03; p= 0.099). Family income (b= 0.14; SE = 0.45; p= 0.756) and family education (b= 0.15; SE= 0.25; p= 0.566) did not show significant effect on household sanitation.Conclusion: Family education and health education had positive and statistically significant effect on household sanitation. Health education had positive and statistically significant effect on healthy behavior. Social capital had positive and marginally significant effect on healthy behavior. Family income and family education did not show significant effect on household sanitation.Keywords: path analysis, predisposing, enabling, reinforcing factors, household sanitationCorrespondence: Shinta Nasir. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(3): 190-200https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.03.0

PRECEDE and PROCEED Model on the Determinants of Teacher’s Role in the Provision of Reproductive Health Education for Students with Mild Mental Retardation at School of Disability in Sleman, Yogyakarta

Background: Access to reproductive health information is lacking among students with mental retardation (MR). Teachers at the School of Disability have potentially important role in improving access to reproductive health information among students with MR. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of teachers role in the provision of reproductive health education for students with mild MR at School of Disability, in Sleman, Yogyakarta.Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with phenomenology approach, conducted at School of Disability, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Key informants were selected by purposive sampling (i.e. criterion sampling), consisting 7 teachers of disability school, 5 personnels from the District Office of Education and Sport. PRECEED and PROCEDE model was used as a framework to identify the determinants under study. The data were collected by in-depth interview, observation, and document review. The data were analyzed by Miles and Hubberman method.Results: The seven teachers have shown their good roles in the provision of reproductive health education. Factors that determined teachers role included knowledge, experience, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, external support, and availibility of resources. Weak perceived behavior control (e.g. perceived teacher’s incompetence) and negative subjective norms (e.g. teaching about reproductive health was considered taboo by the community) of the teachers weakened the teachers role. Lack of educational media, substandard rooms, reproductive health materials that were unintegrated in the curriculum, weakened teachers intention to perform their roles.Conclusion: Teachers at the school of disability in Sleman, Yogyakarta, have shown their good role in the provision of reproductive health education for students with mild MR. Knowledge, experience, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, external support, and availibility of resources, are important determinants of teachers role in the provision of reproductive health education.Keywords: teachers role, school of disability, mental retardation, studentCorrespondence: Putri Rahmasari. School of Midwifery, ‘Aissyiah University, Yogyakarta. Email: [email protected] of Health Promotion and Behavior  (2016), 1(2): 109-119https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.02.0