Antecedent to Green Creativity and the Moderating Role of Green Intrinsic Motivation and Green Autonomony Affilia

Concern about the green environment has increased significantly in recent years. Regulators now have strict policies and regulations for firms to reduce pollution by recycling water and other industrial waste. However, policies and regulations may not reduce environmental decay unless all the stakeholders, including employees and management of the firms, actively contribute to making the environment sustainable. Given its importance, the study has focused on Pakistan's chemical sector, which significantly contributes to environmental decay. The study has three independent variables (i.e., green intrinsic motivation, green transformation leadership, and green innovation climate), one dependent variable (i.e., green creativity), and two moderators (i.e., green extrinsic motivation and green autonomy). The study collected a sample of 460 from the target sector and found that our results support five hypotheses but do not support one. The results show that "green intrinsic motivation and green innovation climate significantly affect green creativity." However, "green innovative climate insignificantly affects green creativity." We also found that "green transformational leadership positively affects green creativity and  green intrinsic motivation." The study also documents that "green extrinsic motivation moderates green intrinsic motivation and green creativity." Moreover, "green autonomy moderates the green innovation climate and green creativity."

The Impact of International Trade on Income Inequality: The Case of Germany

This study investigated how international trade (IT) influenced Germany's income (IN) inequity (IE) between 1990 and 2021. It used time series data to achieve its objectives. The study performed a series of tests to demonstrate that the unit root and cointegration tests can address non-stationary (NS) problems and verify relationships across time. The study used Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron tests and found that all variables used in the study integrated at the first difference. Moreover, the Johansen Cointegration test “suggests a long-term association between the variables" used in the study. The study also employed the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to "determine the long and short-term" consequences of international trade (IT) on income inequality (IINQ). The study found a long-term and short-term association between international trade (IT) and income disparity (ID) in Germany. Using the GINI index, the study documents that the effect on international trade (IT) has diverse impacts on different income strata. Moreover, we found that increasing (EXPs) exacerbates economic disparity (DS), and increasing imports (IMPs) promotes income (IN) inequality.  Aside from that, test coefficients have revealed that exports (EXPs) and imports (IMPs) promote income inequality (IINQ) via the Gini index. Furthermore, the "CUSUM and LM tests" have shown that the model is stable and has no serial correlation. Germany's policymakers can use the findings to reduce income disparity (IDS) caused by international trade (IT).

Perceived Organizational Support as an Antecedent of Knowledge Sharing Behaviors: Achieving Sustainability of Change Management Efforts

Knowledge is the only way organizations gain sustainable competitive advantage in such a hyper-competitive era. Given its importance, the study examines the antecedents to tacit and explicit knowledge and the mediating role of psychological ownership. We have collected a sample of 157 using online Google forms and physically visiting the banks in certain cases. The study used Smart PLS for statistical analysis. Structural equation modeling was performed on Smart PLS for data analysis as the constructs are reflective. The study found that perceived organizational-support positively influences both dimensions of knowledge-sharing behavior – tacit and explicit knowledge. Psychological ownership positively “mediates perceived organizational support and explicit knowledge sharing.” However, we did not find support for the mediating role of psychological ownership between perceived organizational-support and tacit knowledge sharing. The study recommends the HR department must create awareness of the support it provides to employees. HR professionals must build an all-inclusive workplace culture that embodies organizational support. Furthermore, customized incentives such as extrinsic and intrinsic benefits can encourage employees to share knowledge

Impact of Servant Leadership on Job Performance with Mediating Role of Trust and Moderating Role of Power Distance: A Case of Hospitals in Pakistan

Job performance is essential for growth, especially in the service sector like hospitals. Apart from other factors, the leadership style affects job performance and other organizational-related outcomes. The literature documents that hospital employees' job performance has declined. Thus, we have focused on nurses and other healthcare staff, excluding doctors in the healthcare industry The study's sample size was 582. The study supports all five hypotheses. We found that "servant leadership and trust positively affect job performance." Servant leadership positively affects trust. The study also documents that "trust mediates servant leadership and job performance." At the same time, our results also suggest that "power distance" moderates servant leadership and trust relationships. Based on the direct and indirect effects of servant leadership and job performance, we suggest organizations hire servant leaders. The organizations must also regularly conduct counseling sessions for their leaders to focus on the employee's development and well-being. Such attitudes positively enhance job performance and increase employees' trust. Consequently, employees reciprocate by developing loyalty with the organizations and the leaders.

Time is money: A Conditional Mediation Analysis of Ad Value Moderated by Time Spent on YouTube

Social media usage has increased significantly in the last few years due to its easy access and low cost. Besides other social media forums, YouTube usage worldwide has also increased profoundly. A recent decline in the number of advertisements on YouTube has led to YouTube skepticism about its full-fledged operations in Pakistan. Also, many firms in Pakistan have reduced their advertisement budgets on YouTube. Given its importance, the study has examined the factors affecting YouTube ad avoidance. The study also examined the mediating role of ad avoidance and the moderating role of time spent on YouTube. In addition, the study has also examined the conditional indirect effect of time spent on YouTube.   We collected data based on an e-questionnaire, in which 457 participants completed the questionnaires. Our study found that perceived ad irritation (PAIR) and perceived ad goal impediment (PAGI) positively affect perceived ad avoidance (PAAV). The study also documents that perceived ad information (PAIN) and perceived Ad entertainment (PAEN) insignificantly affect perceived ad avoidance (PAAV). The study proposed four mediating hypotheses, and we found support for only one hypothesis, stating that perceived ad avoidance (PAAV) mediates perceived ad goal impediment (PAGI) and perceived ad avoidance (PAAV). However, our study supports the study found time spent on YouTube (TSOY) moderates perceived ad value (PAVL) and perceived ad avoidance (PAAV). We also found that the time spent on YouTube's conditional mediation Index (CoMe Index) is statistically significant.

The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance with a Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

Despite their contribution toward the economy and employment generation, SMEs in Pakistan suffer due to low productivity and poor job performance. Thus, we examined factors affecting job performance and the “mediating impact of job satisfaction on emotional intelligence and job performance.” We collected a sample of 382 local SME employees and used Smart PLS for data analysis. The study found “self-awareness, self-regulation, emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction positively affect job performance.” Emotional intelligence “affects job satisfaction,” and job satisfaction mediates “emotional intelligence and job performance.” However, “social skills, motivation, and empathy” insignificantly affect job performance. Emotional intelligence helps understand and manage others’ emotions and solve problematic issues. Therefore, firms must arrange seminars and workshops on emotional intelligence for their employees regularly. Although we did not find a significant effect of social skills and empathy on job performance, they still are important precursors to job-related outcomes, and firms must focus on these aspects as well

Impact of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Work Engagement with the Mediating Impact of Job Satisfaction and Emotional Regulation as a Moderator

The textile sector in Pakistan significantly contributes to GDP and employment generation. Job satisfaction and work engagement in this sector are low. We examined the antecedents that directly and indirectly affect job satisfaction and work engagement. Using scales and measures used in past studies, we collected a sample of 287 respondents from four leading textile units in Karachi. We found “transformational leadership affects work engagement and job satisfaction.” Transactional leadership promotes “job satisfaction and work engagement.” Job satisfaction mediates” (i) transformational leadership and work engagement” and (ii) “transactional leadership and work engagement.” In the context of the moderating role, we found emotional regulation insignificantly moderates “transformational leadership and work engagement” and significantly moderates “transactional leadership and work engagement.” Therefore, we recommend that the textile sector use both types of leadership styles. For complex and interrelated jobs, firms may use a transformational leadership style. And for routine tasks, we recommend using transactional leadership styles

The Impact of Instrumental, Adversarial Network Ties, and Emotional Labor on Job Satisfaction

In the present technological era, social networks significantly affect job-related outcomes. Given its importance, we examined the effect of “instrumental ties, adversarial ties, and emotional labor on job satisfaction.” And the moderating role of communicative rationale. We collected a sample of 148 employees from a premier telecommunication company in Balochistan. We used Smart PLS for statistical analysis as we had a small sample size. The study found that “instrumental network closeness and emotional labor” promote job satisfaction. Whereas adversarial network closeness “insignificantly affects job satisfaction.” We also found an insignificant association between the moderating role of “communicative rationale on emotional labor and job satisfaction.” We believe healthy and positive relations provide physical comfort and emotional support. Further, the negative relations may distract employees and minimize their ability to focus on the task, but employees preoccupied with their jobs do not get distracted by such ties

Antecedents to Firm Performance and the Moderating Role of Environment Turbulence

Innovation is necessary for all industries' growth and sustainability, including the pharmaceutical sector. The study has focused on the pharmaceutical sector of Karachi to examine the impact of product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations on firm performance. It also examined the moderating role of environmental turbulence. The study collected a sample of 423 employees from the target firms. We found: "product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, and organizational innovation positively affect firm performance." We also found that (i) environmental turbulence moderates product innovation and firm performance, and (ii) environmental turbulence insignificantly moderates process innovation and firm performance. Past studies exhibit that innovation impacts business performance differently due to intensive competitive markets and environmental influence.  Thus, to achieve high business performance, firms must focus on all the dimensions of innovation (i.e., product, process, marketing, and organization). Environmental turbulence, directly and indirectly, affects firm performance. Therefore, firms must deal with it adequately.   

A Systematic Review in the World of the Metaverse

Metaverse uses “virtual reality” in e-commerce to create immersive virtual spaces. The philosophy behind it is to make people addicted to virtual 3d reality, and with the options of “teleportation, changing environment, and using cryptocurrency to shop,” this will be the ultimate future of technology. Apart from the benefits of the metaverse, it has many challenges, including “cyber security.” This study has synthesized past literature into nine themes based on a systematic review. All nine themes deal with the potential challenges and opportunities for users, including buyers and sellers. People can live an ideal life in the metaverse, leading to the denial mode of not accepting the real world and prefer living in the metaverse. For example, bald individuals can get a head full of hair in the metaverse. Someone with a disability can walk and fly in the metaverse. All these lucrative features will make virtual life more like heaven and real life like hell