The Diabetes Mellitus-Related Problems among Diabetic Elderly

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main cause of death and disability in the elderly. We aimed to evaluate the diabetes mellitus-related problems in elderly participants attended the diabetes clinic of Ardabil. In a cross-sectional analytical study, 91 elderly participants were randomly enrolled. Standard Problem Area in Diabetes scale was used. Data were obtained through interview and analyzed using SPSS version 22 by descriptive and analytical methods. The mean and standard deviation of the Total Problems Related to Diabetes Mellitus was 31.51 ± 15.37. There were significant relationships between Total Problems Related to DM and marital status (P=0.02), the score of depression-related problems and gender (P=0.04) and the score of treatment barriers with the family composition (P=0.009) and marital status (P=0.005). Elderly with further chronic illness have had additional treatment barriers (P=0.02). Most of the elderly are suffering from various DM-associated problems. They needed to be taken into account in promotion planning sex, family composition, and numbers of chronic diseases

Grip and Pinch Strengths in Young Adults Residing in Tehran (2017): Development of Prediction Models

Hand strength is necessary for many daily, working and leisure activities. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of handgrip and pinch strengths among Iranian young adults. A cross-sectional study was designed in which 716 young adults (354 males, 24.1 years ± 3.2; 362 females, 23.1 years ± 3.6) participated. Demographic characteristics, as well as the length of the hand, palm and forearm, the palm width, and the circumference of wrist and forearm, were measured. A tape meter (± 0.1cm), and a digital Caliper (± 0.1 mm) were used to measure anthropometric dimensions. Jamar hydraulic dynamometer and pinch gauge were used to measure Hand Grip Strength (HGS) as well as Tip (TP), Key (KP) and Palmar (PP) pinch strengths. Mean values of HGS, TP, KP and PP varied from 25.6 to 80, 4.1 to 8.7, 6.4 to 14.7 and 5.4 to 12.7Kg in men and from 14 to 39, 3.2 to 6.0, 4.7 to 8.1 and 3.4 to 9.3Kg in women, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed gender, age, height and BMI as the best predictors of hand strengths. The values of hand strengths are easily predictable using a few readily available individual attributes. Results may serve as a benchmark for job selection

Hospital Safety Climate Assessment toward Attitude’s Nurses Based on Sammer’s Model Case study: An academic General and A specialized Hospital in Tehran (Iran)

Safety climate has become an important issue in organizational safety management of health systems. The aim of this applied study was assessment safety climate in general and specialized academic hospitals based on Sammer’s model, to introduce a model with the specific framework to assess climate safety in Iranian hospitals, moreover, to reduce medical errors and incidents, also to increase patient safety. This model consists of seven dimensions: leadership, teamwork, evidence-based practices, communication, learning, justice and patient-centeredness. So a descriptive –comparative study was undertaken through a methodology including 3 phases. Data were collected by a modified questionnaire based on the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) from 217 nurses and an In-depth interview with 52 nurses in both hospitals. According to the results in the general hospital, leadership, patient-centeredness and learning was recognized as the most effective factors, however, in the specialized hospital, the most important factors were patient-centeredness and justice. Seven dimensions of Sammer’s model are effective in safety climate assessment, but they are not enough to assess safety climate Iranian hospitals. Adding other factors such as safety and standardized hospital building space, the safety of equipment, physical factors in the workplace, Social and culture factors and terms and conditions governing the hospital settings can help to complete the model and provide an integrated and more consistent one to take an effective step in assessing overall hospital safety climate

Evaluation of Microbiological Water Quality and Coastal Waters Quality Index of Persian Gulf in Bandar Abbas Coastal City, Iran

The goals of this study were to assess the microbiological quality and coastal water quality index (CWQI) in the Persian Gulf alongshore of Bandar Abbas city. Water samples were collected from five different coastal sites in spring and summer seasons. To assess the microbiological quality: Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, Fecal Streptococci and Clostridium perfringens were measured. Also, eight physicochemical parameters (DO, BOD, TSS, Turbidity, Temperature, pH, Nitrate, Phosphate) were examined for calculating the CWQI. The mean for microbiological indicators was respectively, 3667, 1055, 50, 211 MPN/100ml. for physicochemical parameters, the average of water temperature was 32 °C, electrical conductivity was 57mmho/cm, the turbidity was 70.7 NTU, pH 8.1, and also the average concentration of phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium was 180, 18.2, 4.9, 12.16μmol/L, and the mean of concentration BOD, COD and DO were 4.89, 11 and 6.8mg/L, respectively. In addition, the water quality index for all months and at selected stations was 65. The results showed that in the most samples the levels of microbiological indicators were exceeded the national standard and guideline values. Also, the computed CWQI showed that quality of water was weak. All the extracted results are closely related to the inlets connected to the sea. These inlets except the Ghadir station will affect the rest of the stations. In general, in low tide, the Bactria index was more than high tide

Studying Psychological and Organizational Factors’ Roles on Occupational Accidents among Nurses and Nursing Aids in Qom, Iran

It is clear that safety in healthcare centres in both fields of staffs and patients is under influence of various factors and needs considering organizational and psychological variables. This study aimed to find the effects of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), patient safety climate (PSC) and fatalism on occupational accidents among nurses and nursing aids in one of the non-governmental hospitals in Qom, 2017. Two hundred people from the study population were selected by simple random sampling method and entered the study. A researcher-made demographics questionnaire, Williamson et al. questionnaire for fatalism and valid questionnaires for PSC and OCB were tools to gather data. The relationship between the variables was analyzed using ANOVA and T-test through SPSS V20 and structural equation was done by AMOS V8.8. One hundred and seventy-seven questionnaires out of 200 ones were entered into the analysis phase. Women with 104 (58.8%) were the most frequent and 71.8% of participants were married. Participants had an average age of 34.2(±9.37) years. Reliability of the questionnaires was acceptable. Analysis depicted effects of fatalism on occupational accidents (β=0.15), the patient safety climate on OCB (β=0.13), and OCB on occupational accidents (β=-0.13) (

A Novel Approach Based on DEMATEL Method for Causal Modeling an Effective Factors in Falling from Height Accidents in Construction Projects

Falling from height known as one of the most important factors that leads to fatal accidents in the construction industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the effective factors in the occurrence of falling from height accidents in the construction projects and determine the causal relationships between organizational, individual and environmental factors. In this research, the surveyed population was the workers of five construction projects of a gas refinery in south of Iran from 2011 to 2015. Using the Integrated Management System (IMS) information, factors and sub-factors affecting the occurrence of falling from height accidents in the construction projects were determined. Then, a semi-comparative questionnaire based on the DEMATEL technique was designed and distributed among 10 experts at two different periods. Based on the expert's opinions, the identified factors and sub-factors were classified into three main factors and fourteen sub-factors, respectively. Then, the causal relationships between each the effective factor were identified, using DEMATEL technique. The results of DEMATEL technique revealed that the individual factors were considered to be the most important criteria, as it has acquired the maximum (D+R) value, i.e., 36.689 whereas, organizational factors had scored the least, i.e., 35.180. Accordingly, organizational factors and their sub-factors had a substantial effect on the falling from height accidents and were considered as causal variables (D-R>0), while, the indices of individual and environmental factors were the effect variables (D-

Alternative Method for the Analysis of Water-Based Metalworking Fluids Using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy

Mists of water-based metalworking fluids (MWFs) as a kind of lubricants mineral oil are reported as a respiratory irritant with having carcinogenic compounds such as formaldehyde. Due to the widespread exposure of Iranian metal machining workers to water-based MWFs and limitations of advanced analytical balance in Iran, which is required by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conventional method No5524, the purpose of this study was set to develop a new analytical method using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry instead. In this study, the spiked standards in the range of 0.96 to 960 µg/sample were dried and extracted with carbon tetrachloride and scanned by FTIR in the range of 2700 to 3200cm-1 for the best absorption. FTIR and Gas chromatography analysis of formaldehyde as a toxic ingredient of MWFs was examined and its presence was confirmed. For establishing the validation, the merits of the analysis of the FTIR and NIOSH method No.5524, such as precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, and bias were obtained that were 1.49%, 103%, 0.0004, 0.0014 µg/sample, -3%, and 10.87%, 111%, 14.9, 49.1µg/sample and 11% respectively. Regression coefficients (r2) of the calibration line with the spiked standards (0.96-960µg/sample) were in the range of 0.997 to 0.999. Since the merits of the analysis of the FT-IR method for water-based MWFs were comparable to the respective NIOSH method, the developed method could be very useful in monitoring lathe workers, especially in developing countries. However, collaborative examination for full validation of the method is recommended

Educational Interventions Relating to Breakfast Consumption among Students: A Systematic Review

Implementing interventions in the field of breakfast consumption and subsequently evaluating them is an appropriate solution to promote healthy breakfast consumption and improve health status. The present study aims to systematically investigate the educational interventions in relation to breakfast consumption among students. In this study, the SID, IRANMEDEX, IRANDOC, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for the period from January 2000 to March 2018. The selection criteria for final articles include having as their topics education and intervention relating to breakfast consumption among pre-school and other school students as well as the availability of the full text of the articles. In general, 3742 articles were identified, out of which 17 articles—containing educational intervention relating to breakfast consumption among the students—were selected after removing duplicate articles and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. However, 5451 students had participated in the 17 investigated articles. The main emphasis in these interventions was on increasing breakfast consumption and knowledge and changing attitudes towards breakfast and its benefits. The use of theories and models for intervention increased the frequency of breakfast consumption among the students in all the reviewed studies. Accordingly, it seems necessary to design, implement, and assess more educational and interventional programs. More attention should be devoted to different theories and models of health education and promotion and to some lesser noteworthy factors, such as the role of schools, teachers, and parents in education, and modern communication technologies

A Survey on the Frequency of Medication Errors Caused Due to Look-Alike Drugs in the Emergency Department of the Educational Hospitals of Shiraz, Iran, 2016

The words “look-alike” and “sound-alike” are used to express the confusion caused by drugs whose names or features are similar. Look-alike/sound-alike (LASA) drugs are one of the most common causes of medication errors. The emergency department is the first place where mistakes related to LASA drugs occur. Medicinal errors increase health care costs by about two billion dollars annually. This study examines the frequency of errors resulting from LASA drugs in the emergency department and identifies the main causes of these errors. This sectional analytical study was conducted in 2016 in the Namazi and Faghihi hospitals of Shiraz. The questionnaire was developed by the researcher and its validity was confirmed by the experts. The stratified sampling method was used and the sample size was determined to be 106 people, based on the Cochran formula. The data were analyzed using the software SPSS 20 by the Pearson correlation coefficient, the independent t-test, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Seventy-seven nurses stated that during the past six months they had made at least one error resulting from look-alike medication and a total of 132 errors were reported. The most common errors in medication related to ampoules and vials. The rate of errors was statistically significant in terms of marital status (

Comparing of Four Ergonomic Risk Assessment Methods of HAL-TLV, Strain Index, OCRA Checklist, and ART for Repetitive Work Tasks

This study is aimed to compare the results obtained from four risk assessment methods, videlicet HAL-TLV, Strain index, OCRA checklist, and ART. These musculoskeletal disorders assessment tools are generally used in the studies as well as in the field of occupational health. In this study, the data was collected via assessments of 30 tasks by 9 raters in poultry slaughter, assembly, and container production industries using four methods of upper limb musculoskeletal disorder risk assessment. In order to determine the level of agreement between the risk assessment methods, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Cohen's weighted kappa were used, according to which the highest agreement and correlation were found between ART and OCRA checklist methods, while the HAL-TLV and OCRA checklist exhibited the lowest agreement and correlation. The difference between the risk classification results of the studied methods could be due to the difference of definitions of the risk variables; therefore, selecting the assessment tools for assessing the task risks in the working environment must be in accordance with the assessment objectives and complexity of the work tasks