Sapporo Gakuin University (SGU): Repository / 札幌学院大学学術機関リポジトリ
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The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China in New York (1902-1930)
19世紀後半アジア地域に広範な支店ネットワークを構築して,ヨーロッパ・アジア間貿易に伴う為替取引を中心とした銀行業務を展開していたチャータード銀行は,20世紀に入るとそれまでとは全く異なる地域に支店を開設した。1902年にニューヨーク,1904年にはハンブルグに支店を開いた。
本稿の主たる目的は新たに開設されたニューヨーク支店における銀行業務の実態を明らかにすることである。1902年に開設されたチャータード銀行ニューヨーク支店の活動を,ロンドン・メトロポリタン・アーカイブズに所蔵されているチャータード銀行関係の資料に依拠して明らかにする。1900年代にはアメリカの対アジア貿易において,それまでのポンド主体の取引が米ドルによる取引へと変化していく過程が見られた。また1910年代には,アメリカにおける連邦準備制度の成立と,第一次世界大戦による国際関係の大きな変動によって,ニューヨーク支店の活動はその規模を拡大する。
1920年代には,それまでのロンドン本店資金に依拠した銀行業務から,ニューヨーク金融市場を通じた資金による活動へと大きな変化を遂げていく過程が明らかとなる。The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China was established in 1853 with a Royal Charter, but the worsening economic situation caused problems with the payment of shares, and it was not until 1858 that it was finally able to start operations. It then built an extensive branch network in Asia, and by the end of the 19th century, it had secured a position as the second largest British International Bank operating in Asia, after the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. At the start of the 20th century, the Chartered Bank opened branches in completely different areas from its previous ones, such as New York in 1902 and Hamburg in 1904.
The foreign banks in New York increased steadily, from 15 in 1902 to 22 in 1912. What kind of banking business did these foreign banks conduct? The main purpose of the paper is to clarify the actual business operations of these banks. At the same time, by the examining the specific operations of foreign banks, we may be able to shed light on part of the process by which New York began to function as an international financial market.
An examination of early balance sheets from the 1900s reveals that the activities of the New York branch of the Chartered Bank were centered on foreign exchange transactions with Asian branches, with most of the operating funds derived from the London head office. What dramatically changed the performance of the New York branch was the transformation of the financial system in the USA-the establishment of the Federal Reserve System and the formation of the discount market fostered by the Federal Reserve Banks. The formation of the discount market directly contributed to the expansion of the New York branch.
After the end of the first World War, the development of the discount market in New York led to the accumulation of the New York balances of the Asian branches at the New York branch. In terms of fund raising, the New York branch also borrowed from American banks in New York from London alone, and Usance Bills on New York appeared alongside Usance Bills on London. These new things show the diversification of the business at the New York branch.Bulletin論文Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
Erasmusʼs ’Christian Teachings (Good-Neighborliness)’ on his “Phrase Book” Young man and Prostitute ─ Freedom from Pleasure and Lucretiaʼs Delusion ─
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造形的な見方・感じ方を働かせ、生き生きと学ぶ鑑賞の授業を目指して ~2学年 「であって 生まれる いろのせかい」の実践と考察から~
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