Парламентское влияние на политику санкций в Канаде, США и ЕС

This paper explores the role of parliaments in sanctions policy in Canada, the United States, and the European Union. The study contrasts the varying levels of parliamentary involvement and oversight within these jurisdictions. It highlights Canada’s formal but underutilized parliamentary powers, the proactive legislative role of the US Congress that actively shapes and monitors sanctions policy, and the EU’s executive-dominated approach with limited parliamentary input. The findings partially refute the hypothesis that parliaments play a marginal role in sanctions policy and underscore the importance of robust legislative oversight in ensuring that sanctions policies are democratically accountable.L’auteur s’intéresse au rôle des parlements dans la politique des sanctions au Canada, aux États-Unis et dans l\u27Union européenne (UE). Dans cette étude, il compare les différents niveaux d\u27investissement et de contrôle qui caractérisent les parlements dans ces juridictions. Il met ainsi en évidence les pouvoirs parlementaires formels établis mais sous-utilisés au Canada, le rôle législatif proactif du Congrès américain qui façonne et contrôle activement la politique en matière de sanctions et la domination de l’exécutif dans l\u27UE, où la contribution parlementaire est limitée. Les conclusions de l’étude permettent de réfuter en partie l\u27hypothèse selon laquelle les parlements ne jouent qu’un rôle marginal dans la politique des sanctions et viennent souligner l\u27importance du contrôle législatif pour garantir que les politiques en matière de sanctions soient démocratiques et représentatives.В данной статье исследуется роль парламентов в политике санкций в Канаде, США и Европейском союзе. В исследовании сравниваются различные уровни участия и контроля парламентов в этих юрисдикциях. Особое внимание уделяется формальным, но недостаточно используемым полномочиям парламента Канады, проактивной законодательной роли Конгресса США, который активно формирует и контролирует политику санкций, а также подходу ЕС, в котором доминирует исполнительная власть, а участие парламента ограничено. Результаты исследования частично опровергают гипотезу о том, что парламенты играют второстепенную роль в политике санкций, и подчеркивают важность надежного законодательного контроля для обеспечения демократической подотчетности политики санкций

Practical software for triangulating and simplifying 4-manifolds

Dimension 4 is the first dimension in which exotic smooth manifold pairs appear—manifolds which are topologically the same but for which there is no smooth deformation of one into the other. Whilst smooth and piecewise-linear structures on $4$-manifolds do coincide, comparatively little work has been done towards gaining an understanding of smooth $4$-manifolds from the discrete and algorithmic perspective. In this paper we introduce new software tools to make this possible, including a software implementation of an algorithm which enables us to build triangulations of $4$-manifolds from suitable Kirby diagrams, as well as a new heuristic for simplifying $4$-manifold triangulations. Using these tools, we present new triangulations of several exotic pairs with boundary, corks and plugs (objects responsible for "exoticity"), as well as the smallest known triangulation of the $K3$ surface. The small size of these triangulations benefits us by revealing fine structural features in $4$-manifold triangulations

An interlaced algorithm for transforming plane triangulations using simultaneous flips

Any two $n$-vertex combinatorial triangulations are transformable to on another using a finite sequence of diagonal flips. It has been established that $\mathcal{O}(n)$ individual flips suffice to complete this transformation. It is known that the transformation can also be done with no more than $4 \times (\frac{2}{\log{\frac{12}{11}}} + \frac{2}{\log{\frac{9}{7}}}) \log{n} + 2 \approx 85.8 \log{n}$ simultaneous flips—each comprising a set of diagonal flips that yields a graph which remains both simple and planar. This bound is asymptotically tight. By processing the interior and exterior of a Hamiltonian cycle in parallel and in an interlaced fashion, we further reduce this bound down to $\frac{12}{\log{\frac{6}{5}}} \log{n} \approx 45.6 \log{n}$

From Cruel to Cultured: The Progression of the Contemporary Cannibal from the Rainforest to the Concrete Jungle in Contemporary Horror Media

 Many consider cannibalism as the ultimate taboo separating man from beast. Depictions of the man-eater became popularized onscreen in the Italian cannibal films of the early 1980’s- while films like Cannibal Holocaust (1980) depict cannibals as primitive in nature, the violent tendencies of the Westerners pose the question as to how far the first world has truly distanced itself from humanity’s bestial instincts. However, in the early 1990’s, the cannibal evolved from the hut-dwelling tribesmen to the educated psychiatrist Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs (1991). From then on, popular media doubled down on the vilification of the act, with the remake of The Hill Have Eyes (2006), Eli Roth’s ode to the cannibal film with The Green Inferno (2013), the TV adaptation of Hannibal (2013-2015) and the revival of the Wendigo myth in Until Dawn (2015) featuring cannibals, ranging from inhuman and barbaric to poised and polished. Yet, the past decade has seen the development of sympathy for the cannibal, with films like Raw (2016) and Bones and All (2022) and the TV show Yellowjackets (2021-present) highlighting cannibals as protagonists. Along with being set in the modern first world, these pieces of popular media see young women consuming human flesh, expanding across age and sex, eliminating reserves of decency and innocence from the taboo of cannibalism. Still, with the book Tender is the Flesh (2017) using cannibalism as a means of social commentary, there is no one allegory for the act of eating other humans in modern fiction. Thus, this paper seeks to analyze the use of cannibalism in popular media, moving from a xenophobic archetype to a tool that authors and directors can use to comment on how the modern world is no less brutal than that of the tribe with a penchant for human meat

Assessing Customs Officers’ Use of the Cognitive Interview for Suspects

The Cognitive Interview for Suspects (CIS) is a science-based technique that helps suspectsprovide detailed, accurate information without coercion. In this study, customs officersemploying the CIS gathered 29% more details than those using Standard Interviewing (SI)techniques. The CIS is time-efficient. Relative to SIs, interviews conducted using the CIS were shorter and contained fewer questions, yet yielded more information overall. The CIS, therefore, may be particularly useful in contexts in which time and resource constraints are frequently experienced. The source article found that officers trained in the CIS were more accurate in identifyingdeceptive statements than untrained officers, indicating that CIS training may enhanceinvestigators’ ability to detect deception. However, further research is necessary to validatethese findings; investigators should remain cautious when making determinations regardingsuspect statement veracity

Recreation & Physical Activity Accessibility in the Canadian Context

This poster will investigate the role of recreational programs in minimizing financial burdens in low-income Canadian families. Fee assistant programs (FAPs), such as Jumpstart and KidSport, are subsidized programs that create opportunities for citizens with low-income to participate in and access physical public activities. However, FAPs have limitations, including equipment fees, tournament fees, transportation barriers, and a lack of communication, that low-income families face when accessing recreational and physical activities. These limitations are a concern as there is a positive correlation between time spent on physical activity and an individual’s overall mental and physical health wellbeing. This research focused on identifying current available resources for low-income families to use along with FAPs to reduce barriers that impact their physical activity and recreational access