Categorization of Emotion Based on Causality

Background: Emotions come in all shapes and forms. Some of them can be external, visible, and clearly comprehensible, while others can seemingly be coming out of thin air. Knowing what causes an emotion is crucial for better therapy and mental health. Therefore, in this manuscript, we address the problem of emotions causality. Methods: We propose a comparison of three traditional clustering models: Gaussian mixture model, HDBSCAN, and fuzzy c-means, to categorize each emotion described in the DEAP database. It contains over 1700 points, and has no prior label as to which type of stressor the subject’s emotion is generated from. This labelling task has been conducted by a psychiatrist. Results: The fuzzy c-means yields the highest results, with an accuracy of 57.13%, followed by the Gaussian mixture model at 39.49% and the HDBSCAN method with only 18.86%. Another score computed is the mutual information score which shows how homogenous the clusters are for each model. Conclusion: The data from DEAP is very heterogeneous and its density is stable, which may indicate that classification would be the better option, in terms of accuracy and homogeneity of the clusters

Biomedical Cyber-Physical Systems in the Light of Database as a Service (DBaaS) Paradigm

Background: A database (DB) to store indexed information about drug delivery, test, and their temporal behavior is paramount in new Biomedical Cyber-Physical Systems (BCPSs). The term Database as a Service (DBaaS) means that a corporation delivers the hardware, software, and other infrastructure required by companies to operate their databases according to their demands instead of keeping an internal data warehouse. Methods: BCPSs attributes are presented and discussed.  One needs to retrieve detailed knowledge reliably to make adequate healthcare treatment decisions. Furthermore, these DBs store, organize, manipulate, and retrieve the necessary data from an ocean of Big Data (BD) associated processes. There are Search Query Language (SQL), and NoSQL DBs.  Results: This work investigates how to retrieve biomedical-related knowledge reliably to make adequate healthcare treatment decisions. Furthermore, Biomedical DBaaSs store, organize, manipulate, and retrieve the necessary data from an ocean of Big Data (BD) associated processes. Conclusion: A NoSQL DB allows more flexibility with changes while the BCPSs are running, which allows for queries and data handling according to the context and situation. A DBaaS must be adaptive and permit the DB management within an extensive variety of distinctive sources, modalities, dimensionalities, and data handling according to conventional ways

Algorithmic processing to aid in leukemia detection

Background: I present our medical context with some basic concepts in order to understand the results of our work, and then I begin the explanation of mathematical morphology. I will conclude by the description of algorithmic processing propose in this paper. Cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma, can cause uncontrolled growth of an abnormal type of blood cell in the bone marrow, resulting in a greatly increased risk for infection and or serious bleeding. Methods: We present detailed steps of our proposed systems, to obtain a final result that shows the detection of abnormal cells. It typically starts with a median filter pre-processing step and then applies different morphologic operator, which allows us to segment the original image and detect cancerous cells. The basic idea behind all the operators in the mathematical morphology is to compare the set of objects to analyze another object of known form, which is called a structuring element. The structuring element is a geometric figure, simple to form, known or arbitrary, and can be a circle, segment, square, or triangle. Results: We show the different results obtained after testing carried out in algorithmic processing using MATLAB: To ameliorate the visualization of the abnormal blood cells, we have applied the elements basis morphological operations in a different way. We have performed an opening by reconstruction and a closing by reconstruction. The obtained result show that we have obtained an efficient detection of the targeted objects (abnormal blood cells or leukemia). Conclusion: In this paper, we have utilized the operators of the mathematical morphology with the aim to detect abnormal cells for diagnostic aid and transmission of accurate and precise clinical information, which helps specialists in medicine (hematologists) to distinguish abnormal cells or cancerous and to follow the evolution of leukemia. The algorithmic processing presented in this article has been able to perform the task of detection of cancerous cells with success; it has produced remarkable and satisfactory results. We think of the future concept as a system of aid for diagnosis from microelectronics integration to the base of reconfigurable technologies applied to cells for the goal of quantification of the cancer region

Reviews and Sensitization About Cancer in Algeria

Having cancer data is a necessity for several reasons. Researchers need accurate data and updates on cancer for the study of possible causes, managers for decisions concerning the acquisition of equipment and/or development activities or programs for treatment, screening and prevention, and the health authorities to investigate cancer groups, their trends and their causes. Where does the data come, and how is it collected? In fact, all these cancer statistics are collected and provided by the Cancer Registry, from clinical records, and from biological and care institutions. By definition, a cancer registry is an information system and an epidemiological surveillance tool for the collection, storage, management, data analysis, and dissemination on incident cases of cancer, covering a geographically defined population. The cancer registry is an essential tool of any program against cancer. Its primary objective is, indeed, the description of the epidemiological situation, the study of trends and geographic distribution of cases, but it is essential to other areas in particular: Contribution to the study of the natural history of the disease Contribution to the etiological and risk factors Clinical research on treatment plans and prognosis Identification of needs in health planning and development of prevention strategies Cancer registries are a primary source for cancer control strategies; they can be a source of cohort studies and clinical trials, and perhaps, most importantly, the starting point for the analysis of survival, if death registration in the civil registry office followed a comprehensive approach, standardized and reliable through the establishment of the mandatory death certificate as recommended by WHO, and provided for the causes of a death surveillance program. The registration cancer process of continuous and systematic collection of data on the incidence of cancer is the result of sustained and continuous effort of a team but also the institution’s commitment

Acute Pancreatitis Between Practice and Recommendations

Background:Acute inflammation of the pancreas, acute pancreatitis (AP) shows an increasing incidence in the world as well as in Algeria. However, lethality and mortality are decreasing, mainly due to recommendations from Atlanta, the International Pancreatology Association and the American Pancreatology Association. The purpose of this work was to analyze the management of AP in the general surgery department of the UHC of Sidi Bel Abbes. Method: In a retrospective study, 100 acute pancreatitis cases admitted to general surgery between January 2017 and December 2019 were analyzed. The abdominal scanner was systematic at the admission. The rate of lipasemia, when greater than 3 times the normal one, allowed, in association with the evocative pain, to make the diagnosis. The severity of AP was assessed using the Balthazar score. An MRI was requested when the scanner was inconclusive, to look for an etiology and / or possible complications. 79 (79%) patients received broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and diet was systematic. Results: We have transmitted the recommendations of scholar societies to the various specialists and the management of AP is currently more unified and more effective. Scanner is no longer systematic in the early phase. Antibiotic therapy is no longer administered without biological evidence. Enteral nutrition is now possible. Conclusion: We were able to reach the goal of reducing hospitalization and scanning requests. A further analysis of 100 other PA files is planned to confirm the obtained results

An Optimized Medical Image Watermarking Approach for E-Health Applications

Background: In recent years, information and communication technologies have been widely used in the healthcare sector. This development enables E-Health applications to transmit medical data, as well as their sharing and remote access by healthcare professionals. However, due to their sensitivity, medical data in general, and medical images in particular, are vulnerable to a variety of illegitimate attacks. Therefore, suitable security and effective protection are necessary during transmission. Method: In consideration of these challenges, we put forth a security system relying on digital watermarking with the aim of ensuring the integrity and authenticity of medical images. The proposed approach is based on Integer Wavelet Transform as an embedding algorithm; furthermore, Particles Swarm Optimization was employed to select the optimal scaling factor, which allows the system to be compatible with different medical imaging modalities. Results: The experimental results demonstrate that the method provides a high imperceptibility and robustness for both secret watermark and watermarked images. In addition, the proposed scheme performs better for medical images compared with similar watermarking algorithms. Conclusion: As it is suitable for a lossless-data application, IWT is the best choice for medical images integrity. Furthermore, using the PSO algorithm enables the algorithm to be compatible with different medical imaging modalities

Infectious Complications of Contact Lenses: A Review of the Literature

The use of contact lenses is very common, they are prescribed for the correction of refractive errors that cannot be treated by glasses such as aphakia, keratoconus and strong anisometropia, or as alternatives to glasses. Contact lenses can cause serious complications that are not always easy for patients to manage [1]. Infectious complications in contact lens wearers are a real diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. These infections can be bacterial, amoebic (due to wearing contact lenses in swimming pools, rinsing lenses with tap water or saliva), fungal (due to wearing therapeutic, cosmetic or aphakic lenses, diabetes, alcoholism, immunosuppression, corticosteroids). Infectious complications require emergency treatment. The first line of treatment consists of removing the contact lens and sending it, along with the lens case and lens care product, to the laboratory along with corneal samples and appropriate medical treatment. Infectious keratitis related to contact lens wear is serious and can permanently affect the visual prognosis. The prevention requires a fitting under medical supervision and an awareness of the patients with potential risks of infection.The use of contact lenses is very common, they are prescribed for the correction of refractive errors that cannot be treated by glasses such as aphakia, keratoconus and strong anisometropia, or as alternatives to glasses. Contact lenses can cause serious complications that are not always easy for patients to manage [1]. Infectious complications in contact lens wearers are a real diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. These infections can be bacterial, amoebic (due to wearing contact lenses in swimming pools, rinsing lenses with tap water or saliva), fungal (due to wearing therapeutic, cosmetic or aphakic lenses, diabetes, alcoholism, immunosuppression, corticosteroids). Infectious complications require emergency treatment. The first line of treatment consists of removing the contact lens and sending it, along with the lens case and lens care product, to the laboratory along with corneal samples and appropriate medical treatment. Infectious keratitis related to contact lens wear is serious and can permanently affect the visual prognosis. The prevention requires a fitting under medical supervision and an awareness of the patients with potential risks of infection

SDR-Based High-Definition Video Transmission for Biomedical Engineering

Background: Software-Defined Radio (SDR) frameworks from cellular telephone base stations, e.g., Multiservice Distributed Access System (MDAS) and small cells, employ extensively integrated RF agile transceivers. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is the collection of medical devices and applications that connect to healthcare IT systems through online computer networks. Medical devices equipped with Wi-Fi allow M2M communication, which is the backbone of IoMT and associated devices linked to cloud platforms containing stored data to be analyzed. Examples of IoMT include remote patient monitoring of people with chronic or long-term conditions, tracking patient medication orders and the location of patients admitted to hospitals, and patients\u27 wearables to send info to caregivers. Infusion pumps connected to dashboards and hospital beds rigged with sensors measuring patients\u27 vital signs are medical devices that can be converted to or deployed as IoMT technology. Methods: This work proposes an SDR architecture to allow wireless High-Definition (HD) video broadcast for biomedical applications. This text examines a Wideband Wireless Video (WWV) signal chain implementation using the transceivers, the data transmitted volume, the matching occupied RF bandwidth, the communication distance, the transmitter’s power, and the implementation of the PHY layer as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with test results to evade RF interference. Results: As the IoMT grows, the amount of possible IoMT uses increases. Many mobile devices employ Near Field Communication (NFC) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags allowing them to share data with IT systems. RFID tags in medical equipment and supplies allow hospital staff can remain aware of the quantities they have in stock. The practice of using IoMT devices to observe patients in their homes remotely is also known as telemedicine. This kind of treatment spares patients from traveling to healthcare facilities whenever they have a medical question or change in their condition. Conclusion: An SDR-based HD biomedical video transmission is proposed, with its benefits and disadvantages for biomedical WWV are discussed. The security of IoMT sensitive data is a developing concern for healthcare providers

Proposal for Medical Data Transmission in Healthcare Systems

Background: Information systems used in hospitals are slow and consume a lot of system memory, facilitating crashes, impacting patients seeking consultation face long waiting periods by a medical specialist; Still considering that exchange patient data and medical consultations in system interconnected between hospitals, for scheduling of consultations may become even more latent.Methods: Aiming to solve such problems, the present study implements modeling with discrete-event technology applied to a healthcare system, modulating the signal transmitted with the DQPSK format, through the simulation environment, the Simulink of the MATLAB software, improving the transmission of data, through a pre-coding process of bits adopting discrete events in the signal before modulation.Results: This study aims to increase the information capacity for healthcare systems, bringing a new approach for signal transmission, undertaken in the discrete domain employing the discrete entities in the bit generation process, this use being the differential applied on the bit itself, in the physical layer, showing better computational performance regarding memory utilization related to compression of information, showing an improvement of 101.52%.Conclusion: The proposal developed has the properties of improving the capacity of hospital services and can increase the performance of the communication between all medical devices, this positive impact is the result that the data stream will consume fewer communication resources

Detection of muscle fatigue, from statistical methods to software applications

Background: Muscle fatigue has become increasingly present in our daily lives. This is related to lifestyle difficulties. Several methods were proposed in order to detect the muscle fatigue. This report proposes a short review of statistical methods and processing tools extracted from MATLAB software dedicated to detection of fatigue. Methods: The first part in this study is an application of a useful electronic card named “arduino†for acquiring the electromyography signal (EMG). This latter is the perfect signal to describe fatigue in muscles. The acquisition of data is done in two steps; the first is a simple acquisition representing rest (the subject is relaxed). Then, in the next step, the subject does a series of physical exercises representing moving continuously a handlebar (in order to simulate the work of the tram’s conductor). After obtaining raw data from the acquired signals, we apply statistical methods and some processing tools in order to detect fatigue. Results: For the statistical method, we apply the spectral density, which is a mathematical tool that represents the various spectral components of a signal and to perform the harmonic analysis. We deduct that 80 microvolt’s is the intensity of getting fatigue (exercise of moving the handlebar). Using processing tools (FFT and STFT techniques), we obtain essential information on the fatigue’s beginning time. Conclusion: A brief survey of statistical and processing tools to extract fatigue information from an EMG signal was done. A typical example of the importance of detecting fatigue was also illustrated (tram conductor). We aimed for a lot of results from this study, especially because we want to compare techniques. After studying, the STFT technique seem the best