Justice considerations in climate research

Climate change and decarbonization raise complex justice questions that researchers and policymakers must address. The distributions of greenhouse gas emissions rights and mitigation efforts have dominated justice discourses within scenario research, an integrative element of the IPCC. However, the space of justice considerations is much larger. At present, there is no consistent approach to comprehensively incorporate and examine justice considerations. Here we propose a conceptual framework grounded in philosophical theory for this purpose. We apply this framework to climate mitigation scenarios literature as proof of concept, enabling a more holistic and multidimensional investigation of justice. We identify areas of future research, including new metrics of service provisioning essential for human well-being

5 issues around cash and ATMs which new legislation will address

Analysis: Maintaining choice in how Irish consumers can pay for goods and services is fundamental to an inclusive societ

Synthesis of millimeter-sized Mo x W (1− x ) S 2 y Se 2(1− y ) monolayer alloys with adjustable optical and electrical properties and their magnetic doping

Alloying has emerged as an effective approach for elec/optoelectronics applications by modulating the bandgap engineering of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Based on our earlier liquid phase edge epitaxy (LPEE) method, we have grown millimeter-sized quaternary MoxW(1-x)S2ySe2(1-y) monolayer films and MoxW(1-x)S2ySe2(1-y) monolayers with different morphologies by controlling the growth temperature and time. The homogeneity and good crystallinity of as-grown alloys are demonstrated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, Raman mapping, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) strongly demonstrates the uniform distribution of Mo, W, S, and Se. Furthermore, alloy-based field-effect transistors (FETs) displaying bipolar conduction behavior with a weak p-branch and conduction behavior show component-dependent properties. In addition, this strategy has been broadened to prepare M-doped MoxW(1-x)S2ySe2(1-y) monolayers (M: Fe, Co, and Ni) for the first time, where magnetic hysteresis (M-H) measurements indicated room temperature ferromagnetism of MoxW(1-x)S2ySe2(1-y). Therefore, the synthesized pristine and M-doped alloys have greatly enriched the family of 2D materials and are prospective candidates for applications in future industrial device applications

Freedom of association in Nigeria: A cacophony of contestations

The right to freedom of association in Nigeria has a history that is intertwined with the country's political evolution, agitation for the rule of law, and democracy. In the pre-colonial era, the various tribes and communities that make up modern Nigeria had distinct governance structures with community norms and practices that allowed for some form of association. The advent of British colonial rule saw a severe erosion of freedom of association with the colonial administration implementing laws that restricted public gatherings and associations aimed at suppressing anti-colonial movements and nationalist activities. However, after gaining independence in 1960, Nigeria became a federal republic, and the constitution provided for fundamental human rights, including freedom of association.1 Independence and the constitutional framework facilitated the establishment of political parties, trade unions, and various civic groups. Military interventions in periods from 1966 reversed the trend with military regimes bringing in strict restrictions on rights including freedom of association. The return to a relatively stable civilian rule in 1999 and the introduction of the 1999 Constitution revived the framework for protecting rights including freedom of association in Nigeria. The introduction of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, a significant component of African Union law, also influenced the protection of the rights in the country. As this article shows, the protection and exercise of the right to freedom of association in Nigeria have been impacted by history, politics, constitutional development, regional dynamics, case law and, interestingly, customary law. This article starts by briefly explaining the rationale for the protection of the right in Nigeria, it thereafter discusses the statutory framework for the protection of the right, highlighting its scope. The paper then moves on to consider the content of the rights, its positive and negative dimension, and how the courts interpret and apply the right. The article discusses an important dimension in Nigeria, the nexus between the right and customary law. The article further discusses the application of the right in the context of Trade Unions and Civil Society Organisations (CSO). The article ends with a conclusion of the main themes that have emerged in the Nigerian context

Leveraging the potential of co-operative agri-advisory services in the transition to sustainable and landscape-based agriculture

Agricultural Advisory Services (AAS) have always had a central role to play at each juncture in agricultural development and innovation. A transition to sustainable agriculture requires an agri-advisory response which draws on the agency and knowledge of the farmer(s), is more tailored to a particular local context and encourages the sharing of knowledge and experimentation across farms in a landscape. Co-operatives, as collaborative, farmer-owned and embedded entities, would seem to be well placed to play a greater role in this evolving agri-advisory space. However, there would seem to be little recognition of the current or potential role of co-operatives in agri-advice either in academic literature or policy discourse. This paper explores the current agri-advisory offering of Irish dairy co-operatives and their potential to offer an enhanced collaborative and landscape-based offering. It concludes that many of the elements are in place for such an approach but there is a greater need to leverage this potential, appreciate the benefits and enable a more farmer-centred and tailored agri-advisory orientation in co-operatives

Integrated patient journey mapping: A sensemaking approach for Health Information Systems research

Health Information Systems (HIS) can help reimagine medical care pathways by using digital technologies to meet diverse patient needs. This is nevertheless a challenging prospect which is exacerbated by the conflicting interests of different stakeholders such as patient advocacy groups, allied health professionals, and policymakers. In this chapter, we present Integrated Patient Journey Mapping (IPJM) as an approach for sensemaking in HIS redesign processes and present a canvas for HIS researchers to constructively engage stakeholders in reimagining the status quo. We explain the scope and utility of IPJM, before outlining methodological considerations in the form of data collection and analysis. Recommended approaches for reporting results are then described including the use of storytelling techniques to weave together outputs from facilitated workshops and ‘think-aloud’ activities. The chapter concludes by presenting exemplars where journey mapping has inspired healthcare redesign in areas such as mental health services, head and neck cancer care, and post-partum care

Why association?

In this paper, I want to consider the reasons why the Constitution of the United States has been interpreted to protect a right to freedom of association, and what implications those reasons have for the contours of that right. To understand why this is in fact a difficult and interesting question, however, one must also understand the basic history and background of the association right in the United States. The starting point for this analysis is that, unusually among national constitutions, the Constitution of the United States does not contain a textual right of association. Instead, the First Amendment to the Constitution, in addition to provisions dealing with religion, protects rights to the freedoms of speech and the press, to peaceable assembly, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The question then becomes, how did this text come to be read to protect association as well. Part 1 will explore the historical roots of the right of association in the US, focusing on a conflict over association in the very early Republic. Part 2 will explain how the modern right of association was developed by the US Supreme Court, and describe in broad terms the current contours of that right. Part 3 will explore the theoretical underpinnings of the association right in the United States, tying its historical origins and purposes to the other political rights protected by the First Amendment to the US Constitution. Part 4 will consider the implications of all of the above for the specific problem of associations that discriminate on the basis of protected characteristics such as race, sex, religion, or sexual orientation in selecting their membership. And Part 5 will examine the issue of whether, and to what extent, US law should and does protect associations whose goals are inconsistent with democratic values

The role of expectation in the determination of proprietary estoppel remedies

This paper analyses the various roles which expectation could play in relation to the determination of proprietary estoppel remedies. It argues, by a process of eliminating the various alternatives, that the only appropriate role for expectation is as a cap on a remedy determined on the basis of other factors. The first possible approach to be analysed is that the remedy would invariably be determined by reference to the expectation. It is pointed out that this runs into difficulties in the context of countervailing benefits and also requires a willingness, in certain cases, to grant a remedy which is disproportionate to the detriment suffered by the claimant. The second approach, supported by Jennings v Rice [2002] EWCA Civ 159, is that the fulfillment of the expectation should be the prima facie remedy, to be granted unless such a remedy would be disproportionate to the detriment suffered by C. The paper argues that such an approach does not stand up to close scrutiny and leads to demonstrably illogical results. It then looks at the possibility of treating the expectation as one factor in the determination of the remedy, as appears to be advocated by Gardner; the possibility of regarding the fulfilment of the expectation as a proxy for erasing the detriment, as argued by Robertson; and the possibility of linking the expectation and the detriment by reference to a bargain, as suggested by Robert Walker LJ in Jennings v Rice. By way of conclusion, some observations are offered in respect of the possible future development of equity's approach to proprietary estoppel remedies