Urban Climate Mapping Based on Structural Landscape Features: The Case of Ankara

The temperature difference between urban environments and urban areas also increases, along with the growing population and building volume in cities. This study aims to map the urban climate of Ankara based on structural landscape features. The method is based on calculating the negative and positive effects of the parameters that shape the urban form on the thermal load and dynamic potential in the city. The urban climate classes are mapped based on the structural landscape character of Ankara city for the purposes of this study. The results of the analysis revealed that the climate class with the highest percentage (Moderate Warming) covers 18.76% of the urban core, while the climate class with the lowest percentage (Very Strong Warming) covers 0.05% of the urban core. When the urban climate classes are evaluated based on districts, it is seen that the heating effect levels of the districts in the urban core are Çankaya (25%), Yenimahalle (18%), Mamak (15%), Etimesgut (14%), Keçiören (11%), Altındağ (8%), and Sincan (8%), respectively. Urban climate maps based on structural landscape character can be utilized in the preparation of spatial plans, particularly in the development of urban open and green space strategies aimed at improving urban climate. It is recommended that this method be applied by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change to develop Ankara, with studies conducted in cooperation with local administrations. Additionally, it is suggested that an urban climate branch be established to ensure continuity. Thus, this study can serve as a model for mapping the climate of all cities in the country, informing better planning decisions, and developing sustainable land-use policies

Scenario-Based Futures Research on Tourism Destination Competitiveness: An Interdisciplinary Framework Using Delphi and MICMAC

In recent years, tourism competitiveness has become a key factor in urban development, significantly affecting economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to identify and analyze the main drivers of tourism destination competitiveness using a futures research methodology. To address this gap, the study adopts a scenario-based futures research framework that integrates the Delphi method (for expert-driven identification of key drivers), MICMAC structural analysis (to evaluate systemic interdependencies), and Scenario Wizard (to generate internally consistent future scenarios). This methodological combination is rarely applied in tourism research and represents an interdisciplinary innovation that allows for dynamic modeling of tourism competitiveness under uncertainty. Through a systematic process, 25 initial factors were categorized into five dimensions, and 14 key drivers were extracted based on their influence. These drivers were then modeled using Scenario Wizard software, resulting in 14 plausible future scenarios. The study found that 80% of these scenarios indicate optimistic conditions for tourism development. The optimal scenario suggests strategic priorities such as fostering tourism culture, promoting inter-organizational coordination, enhancing investment and marketing, and strengthening infrastructure. These insights not only provide a practical framework for policymakers and urban planners but also contribute to the methodological advancement of interdisciplinary scenario-based tourism research

A Mamdani-Based Fuzzy Logic Model for Evaluating the Design Quality of Urban Squares

Urban squares are essential elements defining public interactions, cultural manifestations, and urban social characteristics. The spaces function as central meeting areas where citizens participate in civic duties, connect and serve to maintain urban design unity. The evaluation process of design quality proves challenging because it combines the personal interpretation of many complex variables, which standard assessment techniques struggle to measure. The researchers present a Mamdani-based fuzzy logic model that evaluates urban square design quality through eight core parameters: imageability, meaning, legibility, time, enclosure, dominance, diversity, and comfort. Fuzzy logic is an approximation system that converts evaluative statements based on linguistic expressions into numerical arrangements, which excel at interpreting multi-faceted urban design evaluations. The model underwent calibration through evaluations from 1,044 architecture professionals, planners, and landscape architects, and it was used to analyze 20 internationally recognized urban squares with various spatial designs across different cultural settings. The quantitative model demonstrated its accuracy by matching expert-aggregated scores when measured against predictions, with a precision of ±1.5% pin predicting outcomes. All examined variables confirmed that enclosure and comfort are the key factors influencing perceptions of design quality. The model provides practical applications for urban planners, decision-makers, and educators through its ability to create a standardized evaluation process for current and future urban interventions. The framework offers a distinctive approach that integrates design thinking-oriented methods with evaluative measures, rendering it practical for contemporary urban design practice

Transitioning from Artichoke Fields to a Peri-Urban Settlement: The Role of İzmir Katip Çelebi University

The rapid urbanisation experienced in Türkiye since the mid-20th century has dramatically reshaped the urban landscape. This transformation has been particularly evident through the phenomenon of peri-urbanisation, a process marked by the expansion of urban spaces without cohesive spatial development planning at various government levels. A notable misalignment exists between the decisions made at higher levels of governance, such as the siting of new university campuses, and the master plans implemented at local levels. This disconnect often results in urban environments that are unbalanced and fail to meet their intended purposes. The present research focuses on the Balatçık neighbourhood in the Çiğli District of İzmir, where İzmir Katip Çelebi University has been established. This area exemplifies the socio-spatial changes induced by the integration of significant educational infrastructure into its peri-urban context. Initially a peripheral settlement, Balatçık has evolved into a complex urban area that straddles the identities of both a residential community and a university town. This case study aims to dissect the spatial transformations prompted by this development, exploring how the neighbourhood’s composition, demographic characteristics, and housing market dynamics have been altered with the following research question, what key factors have influenced the spatial transformation of Balatçık Neighbourhood from a rural settlement to a peri-urban area, particularly in relation to the development of a new university campus? Utilising a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates statistical analysis, document review, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. Quantitative data was obtained from open-access sources, while qualitative insights were gathered through interviews (n=21) with residents, business owners, real estate agents, and local administrators. Thematic coding was employed for analysing collected data, revealing key socio-spatial patterns. Employing both quantitative and qualitative data, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of policy misalignment on Balatçık. By investigating these changes, the research seeks to offer insights into the broader implications of urban planning decisions in Türkiye. The findings are intended to inform future urban development strategies, emphasizing the need for coordinated planning across different governmental levels to foster balanced and purposeful urban growth

Evaluation of Healthcare Staff Satisfaction Regarding Furniture Design for Working and Resting Spaces

The quality of healthcare interiors is considered an important factor in the well-being and satisfaction of healthcare staff. Accordingly, this study evaluates the satisfaction of doctors and nurses with the furniture they use in their working and resting areas in healthcare interiors. This paper’s originality lies in examining the perspective of healthcare staff –doctors and nurses– as users and also investigating furniture as a crucial factor in shaping user satisfaction regarding interior spaces. In this research, a qualitative study, including observation and a case study, is supplemented by a quantitative study, including research and a survey. The method of the study includes a literature review, field trips, structured questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with the healthcare staff of the four selected hospitals in Turkey. The findings from observations, questionnaires, and interviews are evaluated through a literature review conducted in this study, as evidenced at the conclusion of each analysis section. The data regarding user satisfaction of furniture in the hospitals’ interior spaces were analyzed in terms of tangible physical attributes of furniture such as ergonomic qualities, functionality in layout, sensory qualities of materials and color, and intangible psycho-social attributes such as a sense of belonging/personalization and privacy/sense of control. These factors, along with belonging and privacy, enhance the awareness of interior design in creating healthy, safe, and comfortable hospital environments. The paper contributes to a gap in knowledge regarding the physical and psycho-social features of furniture that influence healthcare staff’s physical and mental health and raises awareness about using interior design to create healthy, safe, and comfortable hospital environments. The research suggests that the interiors of well-designed healthcare facilities have a positive and curative effect on staff and patients; therefore, it should be addressed comprehensively

Developing a Design Approach from Scenario to Space in Interior Architecture Education via the Scamper Method: Christy Brown Example

This study aims to investigate the role of empathy in the disciplines of cinema and interior architecture, with a particular emphasis on individuals with disabilities. The objective is to assess the potential benefits of this empathetic approach through the learning outcomes derived from a workshop study. Workshops are recognized as effective educational tools, as they facilitate a discussion and evaluation environment that transcends conventional standards of interior architecture education. The primary focus of this research is to cultivate empathy and human-centred thinking skills, specifically through the application of the Scamper method in interior architecture design. This study aspires to provide students with opportunities for abstract and creative thinking while fostering innovative design approaches that integrate various disciplines. The Scamper method is a technique designed to encourage creative thinking and to foster diverse perspectives in the design process. The method encompasses nine key steps: Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Minify, Magnify, Put to Another Use, Eliminate, and Reverse. It is assumed that the Scamper method will prove effective in the field of interior architecture design education by promoting a problem-oriented approach, enhancing abstract thinking, and cultivating empathy skills, particularly in the context of inclusive design. The objective of this study is to introduce an innovative educational framework for interior architecture design that prioritizes empathy and human-centred design. This approach incorporates the Scamper method within the curriculum, adopts an interdisciplinary perspective, and emphasizes the development of inclusive design practices. Additionally, the study seeks to improve abstract thinking skills in design processes and to explore experimental educational methodologies. It is anticipated that such multidisciplinary strategies and pedagogical innovations will significantly enhance the future of interior architecture design education

An Iconic Representation of Modern Architecture from Construction to Destruction: Tercuman Newspaper Building

The study focuses on the Tercüman Newspaper Building, which has recently drawn attention following its demolition. The Tercüman Newspaper Building was built in 1974 based on a project selected through a competition organized by Kemal Ilıcak. The architects of the building, Günay Çilingiroğlu and Muhlis Tunca, were influential figures in shaping the modern architectural practices of the period. In addition to the architects\u27 design approach and education, Kemal Ilıcak\u27s vision played a key role in shaping the building\u27s architecture. The Tercüman Newspaper Building, one of the first examples of New Brutalism in Türkiye in the 1970s, stood out as a modern heritage structure that gained attention for its innovative structural analysis. Over its 49-year existence, the building was widely discussed both for its architectural design and its symbolic value. This study aims to examine the building\u27s functional transformations from its construction to its demolition and contribute to its role in social memory. The first stage of the study, structured in four phases, establishes the theoretical framework and discusses demolition and conservation actions in the context of modern architecture. The second stage provides details on the plan, structure, and façade characteristics of the building, along with an analysis of its symbolic value. The third stage examines the functional changes the newspaper building underwent after changing ownership and the process leading to its demolition, also exploring the public reactions to the demolition. The fourth and final stage emphasizes that modern heritage buildings, which reflect the architectural practices and socio-cultural life of a period and should be preserved for future generations through a robust conservation mindset

The Impact of COVID-19 on Housing Design and New Approaches for Multi-Housing

In response to contemporary urban challenges, architectural practices have increasingly embraced rapid production methods to address emerging needs. However, this approach to production and consumption has generated various problems, which became more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges across urban and architectural scales such as the lack of public and green spaces, circulation and accessibility issues, and ecological issues has become more important. It was observed that the existing urban fabric contributed to higher rates of disease transmission. Consequently, lockdown measures were imposed to mitigate the spread of the virus which leaded to extended time spent at home. The necessity for people to stay at home during the pandemic created a sense of “confinement” which is caused by the problems associated with housing design. Disconnection from the environment and the limited access to green and public spaces contributed to this feeling of isolation. This study critically examines problems of the current housings and their relation to urban fabric through literature review and spatial analysis, focusing on issues at both urban and individual housing scales. Housing unit issues are addressed through specific spatial elements, and new solutions are proposed. Key aspects, such as the relationship between ground-level housing and the street, apartment living spaces, rooftop areas, and circulation spaces are analysed. Solutions are developed within a theoretical framework, aiming to address future crises as well as pandemic-like situations. The study concludes with a design proposal: a vertical housing model that aims to support everyday needs such as socializing, working, resting, and learning, while enabling social interaction and engagement with the surroundings in an adaptable and sustainable living environment. In conclusion, the issues highlighted by the pandemic are not new and may reemerge in the future. Therefore, architecture must continue to develop innovative solutions that address both social and environmental needs

Typomorphology: A Methodological Approach to Context Analysis in Architectural Design Education

The study aims to demonstrate the importance of typomorphological knowledge as a method of contextual analysis in architectural design education. The Architectural Design Studio is a place for students to experience design tools, methods, and practice, and focuses on developing the ability to design and teach. Design, with its phases of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation phases, is a dynamic process that consists of adapting and transforming the information obtained from past experiences and making it suitable for the creation of new designs. The analysis phase is one of the most crucial stages in the architectural design process, as it involves the study of the context. The context typically includes tangible data such as topography, the built environment, functional relationships, the history of the area, and its current significance. The typomorphological approach is a method for studying context and is crucial to introduce into design education. The study intends to reveal the contribution of supporting imaginative education with theoretical knowledge to the design process and how typomorphological knowledge can be taught, in architectural design education. The paper analyzes the significance and role of context in architectural design education and process, provides knowledge on typomorphological approaches, and explores through examples the contributions of researchers using these approaches to design education in this field and how they produce solutions. The conclusion discusses the concepts, issues, and analytical techniques addressed by four different researchers in their architectural/urban design courses integrating typomorphology and the contributions of this knowledge to the architectural design process and the education of students

A Strategy for Spatializing Degrowth at Home: Commoning of Housing

Many theorists advocate for "economic degrowth," which entails "scaling down production and consumption activities," as a radical proposal to achieve environmental sustainability and social justice. This is in response to the increasingly destructive nature of economic growth on a planet with limited resources, as well as the unequal distribution of the costs associated with changes to planetary boundaries. The examination of spatial production and consumption processes holds significant potential for realizing the social transformation required for economic activities to operate within planetary boundaries. However, the scarcity of studies on how the ideas of degrowth can be translated into the material world highlights the need to focus on how degrowth will manifest spatially. The problem of spatializing degrowth will be addressed in this study, with a focus on housing. The injustices inherent to growth-oriented housing production processes make it imperative to discuss the spatialization of degrowth through housing. For degrowth to manifest spatially at home, the spatial modes of production inherent to economic growth, the spatial consumption patterns, and the social relations produced by space need to become compatible with the fundamental goals of degrowth. To provide a compass for aligning housing production and consumption processes with the fundamental objectives of degrowth, it is imperative to identify the toolkit employed by economic growth for spatialization and to analyze criticisms directed against existing housing degrowth experiments. Through the analysis of these two principal themes, commoning of housing emerges as a viable strategy for spatialization of degrowth at home