THE RETENTION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AS A NATIONAL IDENTITY IN TWO OF GADAH AS-SAMMAN’S NOVELS: POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE

Purpose: This article aims to analyze the retention of the Arabic language as a national identity by Lebanon nationalists who live as exiles outside European countries in two of her novels, Lailatul-Milyār and Sahrah Tanakkuriyyah Lil-Mautā. As a product of fiction from a colonized country, both stories represent postcolonial discourses, showing the effect of colonialism, while also voicing resistance to colonialism. Methodology: The research materials or material objects in this article are two of as-Sammān’s novels. Data sources were grouped in primary data, which is the two of Sammān’s novels, and secondary data, which is various references that support analysis, including books, journals, blogs, and other relevant sources in academic studies. Deconstruction is a textual strategy, which is utilized for analyzing the data in this study. No software tool is used. Main Findings: The Lebanese nationalists in Europe tried to maintain the use of the Arabic language as the first and foremost national identity for several reasons, including defending (1) the Arabness, (2) the membership in the national community, and (3) the nation and nationality. Implications/ Applications: This study highlights that resistance to colonialism can be done in various ways, both through violence and non-violence. In modern times, non-violent methods are frequently used. Among the non-violent ways is to fight for the retention of the Arabic language as a national identity so that to maintain it means to maintain Arabism, the membership of the nation’s community, and defend the nation and nationality of the Arabs.              Novelty/Originality of this study: These findings highlight the struggle of the Lebanese nationalists in Europe; the younger generation who are trying to inherit Arabic must also struggle to learn it, both formal and informal, even against the mainstream. The results of persistence and perseverance in learning Arabic cannot be seen immediately, but a long time after that. The ability to speak Arabic, then, can foster a spirit of nationalism in the young Arab generation

THE INTONATION PATTERN OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE LEARNING OF MAHĀRAH AL-KALĀM AMONG ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDENTS

Purpose: Ideally, students as future educators of the Arabic language are required to possess competent language skills. However, it was discovered that the students were still lacking knowledge and skills in speaking with accurate intonation. Therefore, the researchers aimed to analyze the application of the intonation pattern to the students. This research examined the intonation pattern of interrogative sentences of Arabic Education students and its acceptance by native speakers as well as its implications on the learning of mahārah al-kalām. Methodology: Data sources in this research consisted of primary data and secondary data. Documentation, interview, and observation methods were used for data collection. The data was processed digitally with the Praat version 6.1.01 program. Main Findings: The results were that students could apply the intonation pattern of Arabic interrogative sentences and were accepted by native speakers with varied acceptance values. Implications/Applications: The implications of the learning mahārah al-kalām demonstrated that students and lecturers could apply the principles and fulfil the components of Arabic in general. Novelty/Originality of this study: Inaccuracy in concluding by listeners of messages delivered by speakers can occur due to misperceptions caused by the use of unsuitable intonation patterns. The inaccuracy in applying this intonation pattern also occurs in the speech of Arabic education students. However, currently, there is no research that further inquiries the results obtained in the realm of foreign language education, particularly on speaking skills. This study has investigated the application of the interrogative sentence intonation patterns spoken by students and their implications for learning speaking skills

LITERATION OF ARABIC THROUGH MODERN NGALOGAT: EFFORTS TO STRENGTHEN ISLAMIC VALUES IN PEOPLE LIFE

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to describe Arabic literacy through modern ngalogat in the Islamic thaqafah book. Methodology: The research method used is descriptive analysis. To obtain accurate analysis results, this study was conducted in three steps. First, the method of providing data descriptively is carried out by the converse method. The data was taken from a sample of 106 students studying Islamic thaqafah from a population of 300 people in pesantren and colleges in West Java. Second, the analysis used an eclectic approach to the analysis of the content-semiotic language-culture. Third, the presentation of the results of the analysis is conducted in two ways, namely formal and informal. The formal presentation method is in the formulation of rules through signs and symbols, while the informal presentation method is in the form of an ordinary explanation. Main Findings: The results of this study are the form of three descriptions and explanations of Arabic literacy and Islamic values ​​in modern civilization. First, it describes and provides solutions to learner's anxiety when reading Arabic texts. Second, describe and provide solutions to cognitive problems in Arabic grammar. Third, describe the importance of Islamic values ​​in a variety of modern literacy. Implications/Applications: The implications of Islamic tsaqafah literacy are as follows: a) The area of aqidah Islam-tauhid that is practiced in a good and correct way will help to find the direction and meaning of happiness in the world and the hereafter (akhirah). b) The area of fiqihmu’amalah that is properly practiced will help to fasten the increasing of human life prosperity. c) The area of syirkahsyar’iyyah’s (business cooperation) function is to increase the economic distribution for society. Novelty/Originality of this study: Based on the findings of modern literacy on students, the awareness of technology literacy is quite high between 63% and 72%. However, the literacy awareness of information and statistic is still average. This allows too much information in the mass media (internet, WA, Twitter, etc.) that need to be filtered by Islamic tsaqafah. This study has highlighted the literacy difficulties of Islamic thaqafah books through the anxiety scale of reading Arabic texts and also proposed solutions to reading difficulties through ngalogat modernization

ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF EDUCATION RUBRIC ON ISLAMIC WEBSITE

Purpose: Website translation requires an advanced translation to make the message transferred comprehensively. The purpose of this research was to analyze the translation quality of the Islamqa.info/id website in Indonesian as the Target Language (TL), translated from its original version in Arabic website, Islamqa.info/ar, as the Source Language (SL). Methodology: To discover the quality of translation work, three aspects could be rated: accuracy, acceptance, and readability. The more accurate, acceptable, and readable the translated version is, the easier the text will be understood, according to Mangatur Nababan's theory. Main Findings: The type of sentences and translation techniques were considered as the factors that could affect the translation quality. There were four types of sentences and seven techniques used in three articles from the "Education" section on Islamqa.info/id. From the analysis, it was found that the translation quality was scored 1.91 from the scale of 3.00. Implications/Applications: The implication of this research for translators, language scientists, researchers, teachers, or students is to make a good quality translation with high accuracy, acceptance, and readability score, a translator should be aware of internal and external aspects of the target language--not the source language only, since this research found that one expression could be commonly used in one language yet strange for other language's use. Novelty/Originality of this study: The results of this research could be considered for those who work on a website translation job, from Arabic to Indonesian, in particular. Since Arabic and Indonesian languages are very different from each other in terms of grammatical structure and form of expressions thus, this study has offered useful and practical suggestions for the translation of these languages

EDUCATIONAL TOURISM AS A TOOL TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF EDUCATION IN EGYPT: A CRITICAL STUDY

Purpose of study: Educational tourism is one of the best ways to help students and adults to gain a good perspective around the world. In Egypt, there are some challenges facing international students to study in Egypt as well as the absence of academic or formal studies to assess the role of educational tourism in Egypt so far. This research aims to evaluate educational tourism in Egypt. Methodology: through a critical study of the researcher based on work experience and responsibility for international students, as well as in light of international experiences of educational tourism. Main findings:  Among the important results highlighted by the study are that the Ministry of Higher Education in Egypt has a new vision for educational tourism through which it seeks to attract more international students to study in Egypt and the medical sector has acquired a large proportion of international students. Limitations: There is no current specific information gained by higher education experts or responsibility, so the researcher depends on his own review of available limited published information and his own work responsibility. Originality of study and implications: The study provides some recommendations, including increasing the proportion of joint academic programs with international universities, and granting incentives and benefits to tourism companies that provide educational tourism services and facilities

DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS WITH IMPAIRED HEARING

Purpose of the study: This study determined incidences of depressive symptoms and associated causative contextual factors among in-school adolescents with impaired hearing in South West, Nigeria. The study determined symptoms of depression exhibited by in-school adolescents with impaired hearing vis-à-vis some associated intrapersonal causative (age, religion, gender, the onset of hearing loss, satisfaction with the home environment, and family type) variables. Methodology: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Data were collected from 236 adolescents who are either prelingually (39.1%) and postlingually (60.9%) hearing impaired with the Depressive Symptomatology Questionnaire (α = .89). Data collected over a period of 10 weeks were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS version 23. Main Findings: 58.8% of the participants scored higher on the depression scale, which is mostly characterized by loss of appetite and fearfulness. There is a significant difference (F = 7.61; p < 0.05) in the expression of depressive symptoms between gender and across variants in the onset of deafness (F = 3.59; p < 0.05) and family type (F = 23.14; p < 0.05). Academic stressor and lack of access to information were found to be the major source of their depression. Applications of this study: This study is of importance to counselling psychologist and mental health practitioners for the development of strategic therapeutic approach geared towards positive psychosocial development of individuals with impaired hearing Novelty/Originality of this study: The study confirms the manifestation of moderate to a high level of depressive symptoms among those in-school adolescents with impaired hearing. Academic anxiety/low grade, communication difficulties, and negative societal attitude were the major source of depression for adolescents with impaired hearing in high schools

INTEGRATION OF THE ADIWIYATA SCHOOL PROGRAM TO REALIZE A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) IN SURAKARTA

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to find out whether the Adiwitaya school program implemented in Surakarta has been integrated with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Methodology: The method used is qualitative research, where researchers want to know the Adiwiyata program and school curriculum. Stages of research carried out through two stages, namely: in the first stage by collecting data in the field through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Main Findings: The results of the research and discussion based on the four aspects reviewed showed that waste management in Adiwiyata schools still needs to be improved. Increased knowledge, attitudes, and skills can be through instilling the values ​​of sustainable development transferred through environmental education. Application of this study: The implementation of research results can be used as input for policyholders within the scope of the minister of education and culture, and the minister of the environment so that the Adiwiyata program can be improved. Novelty/Originality of this study: The renewal of this research is to analyze the objectives of the adiwiyata program as part of realizing sustainable development goals. The Adiwiyata school program implements Environmental Education in the syllabus and lesson plans

RESEARCH CAPABILITIES OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND MANAGEMENT SUPPORT OF THE SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NUEVA VIZCAYA, PHILIPPINES

Purpose of the study: This study determined the research capabilities of public elementary teachers in the Schools Division of Nueva Vizcaya and also to determine the management support extended to them in terms of research support and research environment condition. Methodology: This study employed the descriptive-correlational method. The descriptive method described the characteristics of the respondents, the level of research capabilities and dissemination, and management research support factors. Two hundred eighteen respondents were drawn from the population. A Stratified random sampling method was used to determine samples per stratum. The researchers observed research ethics and protocols during the gathering process. Descriptive-Inferential statistics were used to interpret the data. Main Findings: The study found out that respondents who attained higher educational attainment and attended national training have improved research skills and are more knowledgeable in the research process and dissemination. The respondents are moderately capable in their research capabilities and research dissemination. The level of research capabilities was significantly correlated with educational attainment and training. Research support was inadequate; a favourable research environment was provided. Applications of this study: The findings of the study provide data to the Department of Education to know the factors affecting the research capabilities of public school teachers. The DepEd school heads can come up with a workable plan to enhance research capabilities and manage their resources, policies, time, space, and personnel for maximum effect. Novelty/Originality of this study: The fast trend in instructional technology and innovative approaches and teaching pedagogies, knowledge, and skills in the research of all academic professionals is essential. Conducting research becomes now mandatory in the educational institutions in the Philippines; thus, needs continuous assessment to produce a community of teacher-researchers

IMPLEMENTATION OF CO-CREATION BY USING STUDENTS’ MASTERY OF10 SKILLS AS A NEW PRODUCT IN HIGHER EDUCATION 4.0

Purpose of the study: To determine the effectiveness of co-creation implementation by using students’ mastery of 10 skills as a new product, and to analyze the readiness stage for digitally integrated marketing communication 4.0 in higher education. Methodology: The technique of data collection was administered by giving questionnaires to respondents. The questionnaire consisting of 10 closed questions was created by researchers. Afterward, the data were processed by the SPSS application. The results proved to be valid if each indicator question had a value of Pearson correlation significant 1-tail less than 0.05. Meanwhile, the data are reliable if the Cronbach’s alpha reliability value is more than 0.60. The average final score can be converted into a level of product quality qualitatively with ideal assessment guidelines. Main Findings: The average percentage of students’ mastery of 10 skills in IAIN Salatiga is 47 percent for ability to solve complex problems, 49 percent for critical thinking, 50 percent for creativity, 51 percent for organizational ability, 57 percent for ability to corporate, 52 percent for emotional intelligence, 55 percent for daring to make a decision, 54 percent for contentment to serve, 52 percent for negotiation ability, and 55 percent for flexibility thinking. The students ‘mastery average of all skills is 52 percent in the range of Fair (F). The readiness to continue the next steps of digital integrated marketing 4.0 is quite ready (QR). Applications of this study: This study can be useful for practical review for the implementation of co-creation in higher education as the new vision of marketing in the 4.0 era. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study proposes that the effectiveness of co-creation in higher education can be measured by the students’ mastery of the 10 skills

RISK FACTORS OF INTERNET GAMING AMONG FILIPINO STUDENTS

Purpose of the study: The main objective of this study is to examine the risk factors for internet gaming disorder (IGD). Specifically, it aims to: measure the severity of internet gaming among Filipino students; describe their internet gaming characteristic; and, identify which among the risk factors predict IGD. Methodology: Students who displayed five or more symptoms in the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGD9-SF) were identified. The internet gaming characteristics, Brief Self Control Scale (BSCS) to identify self-control levels, and Mini-IPIP for the personality of the participants were also collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis to identify the significant risk factors for IGD using SPSS 17.0. Main Findings: Internet gaming characteristics such as time spent, money spent, and devices used were significant risk factors to IGD. Psychological factors such as self-control and personality traits (agreeableness and openness) were established and were also significant risk factors. The lower the self-control the higher the risk of developing IGD, as well as the more agreeable and open the gamers are the higher the risk to IGD. Applications of this study: Researchers and therapists should focus on developing intervention methods focusing on minimizing the device's exposure to lessen time and money spent in gaming as well as strengthening the self-control of the gamers.  Novelty/Originality of this study: This psychological inquiry contributed to the emerging psychological disorder IGD shedding light on its current debates and controversies. This established risk factors to IGD among Filipino students who are time spent, money spent, devices used, self-control, and personality factors such as agreeableness and openness