Kedudukan Asas Legalitas Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 003/PUU-IV/2006 dan 025/PUU-XIV/2016

Korupsi musuh bersama yang harus diberantas sampai dengan akarnya. Putusan MK No. 003/PUU-IV/2006 dan No. 025/PUU-XIV/2016 mempengaruhi pemberantasan korupsi, karena dengan kedua putusan tersebut tindak pidana korupsi sulit dibuktikan. Terjadi perbedaan penerapan asas legalitas berdasarkan putusan mahkamah konstitusi dan yurisprudensi. Putusan mahkamah konstitusi menerapkan asas legalitas formil sedangkan yurisprudensi mengembangkan asas legalitas materiil. Legalitas formil mencegah perlakuan kesewenang-wenangan penguasa, sedangkan legalitas materiil mengakomodir hukum tidak tertulis yang tumbuh dan berkembang dari bangsa Indonesia sendiri. Putusan mahkamah konstitusi berperan sebagai pengontrol penerapan hukum kebiasaan sebagai dasar pemidanaan. Rumusan masalah dalam tulisan ini adalah: pertama, bagaimanakah kedudukan asas legalitas pasca putusan MK Nomor 003/PUU-IV/2006 dan Nomor 025/PUU-XIV/2016? Kedua, bagaimanakah model asas legalitas yang dapat mengakomodir pemidanaan berdasarkan hukum kebiasaan? Metode penelitiannya menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Kesimpulannya adalah: putusan MK Nomor 003/PUU-IV/2006 dan Nomor 025/PUU-XIV/2016 memperkuat kedudukan asas legalitas secara formal, sedangkan perkembangan yurisprudensi mengarah pada penerapan asas legalitas materiil. Model asas legalitas untuk hukum pidana materiil Indonesia adalah asas legalitas formil-materiil. Penerapan legalitas materiil dengan syarat, yaitu: 1. Bersifat kasuistis; 2. Berlaku untuk orang tertentu; 3. Secara substansi masih diakui oleh masyarakat adat dengan ditunjukkan adanya masyarakat dan lembaga adat; 4. Hakim harus bersifat hati-hati karena tujuannya mencapai keadilan substantif; 5. Pengadilan negara bersifat ultimum remidium.Corruption of common enemies that must be eradicated up to their roots. MK decisions No.003/PUU-IV/2006 and No.025/PUU-XIV/2016 affect the eradication of corruption, because with these two decisions corruption is difficult to prove. There has been a difference in the application of the legality principle based on the decision of the constitutional court and jurisprudence. The constitutional court ruling applies the principle of formal legality while jurisprudence develops the principle of material legality. Formal legality prevents treatment of arbitrariness of rulers, while material legality accommodates unwritten law that grows and develops from the Indonesian nation itself. The constitutional court verdict acts as the controller of the application of customary law as a basis for punishment. The formulation of the problem in this paper is: first, what is the position of the legality principle after the Constitutional Court decision Number 003/PUU-IV/2006 and Number 025/PUU-XIV/2016? Second, what is the model of the legality principle that can accommodate punishment based on customary law? The research method uses normative juridical research methods. The conclusion is: MK’s decision Number 003/PUU-IV/2006 and Number 025/PUU-XIV/2016 strengthen the position of the principle of legality formally, while the development of jurisprudence leads to the application of principles of material legality. The legality model for Indonesian material criminal law is the principle of formal-material legality. Application of material legality with conditions, namely: 1. Caseistic; 2. Valid for certain people; 3. Substantially still recognized by indigenous peoples as indicated by the existence of indigenous peoples and institutions; 4. Judges must be careful because the objective is to achieve substantive justice; 5. The state court is ultimum remidiu

"Peradilan Konstitusional" oleh Mahkamah Agung melalui Mekanisme Pengujian Konkret

Artikel ini membahas kemungkinan untuk Mahkamah Agung menjalankan fungsi sebagai peradilan konstitusional. Argumen yang diajukan adalah Mahkamah Agung harus memegang kewenangan yang sama dengan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menguji konstitusionalitas undang-undang. Perbedaannya adalah, Mahkamah Konstitusi memiliki kewenangan untuk membatalkan undang-undang yang bertentangan dengan konstitusi, sementara Mahkamah Agung tidak memiliki kewenangan itu. Dalam menguji konstitusionalitas undang-undang, Mahkamah Agung bertindak sebagai peradilan biasa yang memeriksa perkara atau kasus konkret, bukan perkara atau kasus abstrak. Dengan demikian, praktik ini memiliki kesamaan dengan praktik Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat, ketimbang praktik Mahkamah Konstitusi. Untuk mendukung argumen ini maka asas praduga konstitusional seharusnya tidak berlaku bagi Mahkamah Agung.This article argues for the possibility of the Indonesian Supreme Court to undertake the role as constitutional court. The argument suggests that the Indonesian Supreme Court should hold concurring authority with the Indonesian Constitutional Court in reviewing the constitutionality of laws. While the Indonesian Constitutional Court has the exclusive jurisdiction for invalidating the unconstitutional laws, the Indonesian Supreme Court does not have such jurisdiction. In reviewing the constitutionality of laws, the Indonesian Supreme Court exercises its jurisdiction as ordinary court. It reviews a concrete case, not the abstract one. Therefore, this practice is similar with the practice of the Supreme Court of the United States, instead of the practice of the Indonesian Constitutional Court. To support this argument, the principle of presumption of constitutionality should not be applicable to the Indonesian Supreme Court

Tafsir Konstitusional atas Kemandirian Penyelenggara Pemilu dan Pilkada

Pemilu yang adil dan kredibel hanya dapat direalisasikan jika dikelola oleh badan independen. Konstitusi menyatakan bahwa pemilihan dilakukan oleh badan penyelenggara yang mandiri tanpa menjelaskan lebih lanjut makna kemandirian tersebut. Melalui metode penelitian hukum normatif dan dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model kelembagaan penyelenggara pemilu pascareformasi dan makna independensi Pasal 22E ayat (5) UUD 1945 berdasarkan interpretasi Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model kelembagaan penyelenggara pemilu pascareformasi adalah model independen yang tidak melibatkan perwakilan partai politik dan birokrasi. Sebagaimana tampak dari berbagai putusan pengujian undang-undang, Mahkamah Konstitusi menafsirkan bahwa kemandirian lembaga penyelenggara pemilu yang dikehendaki oleh UUD 1945 adalah kemandirian institusional, kemandirian fungsional, dan kemandirian personal.Credible and fair election can only be realized if managed by an independent institution. The Constitution states that elections are carried out by independent electoral management bodies without further explanation of the meaning of independence. Through normative legal research methods and by using statutory and case approaches, this research aims to find out the model of post-reform election management bodies and the meaning of independence of Article 22E paragraph (5) of the 1945 Constitution based on Constitutional Court interpretation. The results of this research found that the post-reform election organizing model is an independent model that does not involve representatives of political parties and bureaucracy. As can be seen from the judicial review rulings, the Constitutional Court interprets that the independence of election management bodies desired by the 1945 Constitution includes institutional independence, functional independence and personal independence

Prinsip Hukum Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara yang Berpihak kepada Masyarakat Hukum Adat

Prinsip hukum pengelolaan pertambangan dalam Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan mineral dan batubara didasarkan pada prinsip manfaat, keadilan, dan keseimbangan; keberpihakan kepada kepentingan bangsa; partisipatif, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas; berkelanjutan dan berwawasan lingkungan. Namun permasalahannya ketika pertambangan mineral dan batubara berada pada tanah ulayat masyarakat hukum adat prinsip hukum sebagaimana dimaksud belum menunjukkan keberpihakan kepada masyarakat hukum adat. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa prinsip pertambangan mineral dan batubara belum menceminkan pengakuan dan perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat hukum adat. Masyarakat hukum adat tidak mendapatkan manfaat yang maksimal atas pengelolaan pertambangan mineral dan batubara bahkan justru dampak negatif yang dialami bukan hanya generasi sekarang tetapi juga generasi yang akan datang. Selain itu ada pemikiran pentingnya prinsip pengakuan dan prinsip persetujuan atas dasar informasi di awal tanpa paksaan sebagai prinsip hukum yang berpihak kepada masyarakat hukum adat, karena prinsip hukum tersebut memosisikan masyarakat hukum adat sebagai subjek pembangunan bukan sebagai objek pembangunan.The legal principles of mining management in Law No. 4 of 2009 concerning Mining of minerals and coal are based on the principles of benefit, justice and balance; partiality to the interests of the nation; participatory, transparency, and accountability, sustainable and environmentally sound. But the problem is when mining minerals and coal is on the oldest indigenous people’s ground. The principles of law as referred to has not yet shown partiality to indigenous people. The approach method used in this study is normative juridical, because this research is conducted by examining library materials or secondary data relating to the legal principles of mineral and coal mining that favor to indigenous people. The conclusion of this study is that the principle of mineral and coal mining has not reflected the recognition and protection of indigenous people’s rights. Indigenous people are not getting the maximum benefit from the management of mineral and coal mining even the negative impacts experienced not only by the present generation but also future generations. Apart from it, there is the thought of the importance of the principle of recognition and principle of agreement on the basis of information without coercion as a legal principle that is in favor of indigenous people. Because these legal principles places the indigenous people as the subject of development not as an object of development

Constitution without Constitutionalism? Challenges to constitutionalism in the Kyrgyz Republic

Application of basic principles revolving around the constitutionalism into third wave democracies, produced such phenomenon as constitutions “without constitutionalism”. This paper will revisit and discuss this issue in the context of the Kyrgyz Republic. Main argument and thesis of the paper is following: Where a viable balance of power exists, a constitutional court acquires importance as a key element of that order, thus promoting the constitutionalism. If no such balance exists, the constitutional court will soon become a tool of the more dominant powers and thus lose its relevance for a genuine constitutional order. The abovementioned thesis will be demonstrated by the example of the work of Constitutional Court of the Kyrgyz Republic. Mainly it first aims at providing a proper foundation and basic understanding of constitutionalism, further revisiting this concept in the context of Former Soviet Union and finally will discuss the development of constitutionalism in Kyrgyzstan along with challenges faced by the court

The Return of Pancasila: Political and Legal Rhetoric Against Transnational Islamist Imposition

The rise of transnational Islamist movements in Indonesia in the last two decades recurrences the old debate between Pancasila and Islamism. This kind of fundamental Islamic movements widespread with their conservative view and it has had detrimental effects on the Indonesian society’s social cohesion. President Joko Widodo seeks to revive Pancasila to confront this threat. This is not for the first time Pancasila is used by the Indonesian government to resolve the tension between Islamic values and nation-state principles. Both President Sukarno and Suharto also used Pancasila as a vehicle to discipline their political opponents. Adopting a non-essentialist approach to Pancasila, I argue that the return of Pancasila in recent years would be more complicated because of the narrative of Pancasila revivalism as an adversarial ideology is bounded by traditionalism and lack of progressive interpretation. Instead of locating Pancasila as the counterpart to Islamism, what is needed is re-interpretation of Pancasila as a unifying ideology

Penegakan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 13/PUU-XV/2017 Mengenai Hak Mendapatkan Pekerjaan dan Hak Membentuk Keluarga

Jaminan konstitusi terkait hak konstitusional untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan dalam Pasal 28D ayat (2) UUD NRI 1945 dan hak konstitusional untuk membentuk keluarga dalam Pasal 28B ayat (1) UUD 1945 telah dibatasi dengan adanya ketentuan Pasal 153 ayat (1) huruf f Undang-Undang No 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Keberadaan perjanjian kerja menghalangi hak pekerja untuk menikah dalam satu institusi karena pekerja harus mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja untuk dapat melaksanakan haknya membentuk keluarga yang sebenarnya dijamin dalam konstitusi dan peraturan perundang- undangan. Pengujian Pasal 153 ayat (1) huruf f UU No 13 Tahun 2003 dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 13/PUU-XV/2017 telah menyatakan frasa "kecuali telah diatur dalam perjanjian kerja, peraturan Perusahaan, atau perjanjian kerja bersama" bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. Artikel ini hendak menjawab kekuatan mengikat dan akibat hukum putusan, sekaligus Penegakan putusan dengan memetakan penyelesaian terkait peraturan perundang-undangan dan perjanjian kerja yang tidak tidak sesuai dengan putusan dan bertentangan dengan prinsip kebebasan berkontrak. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada penelitian kualitatif, dimana sumber analisis yakni Putusan MK terkait permasalahan yang diangkat, peraturan perundang-undangan, buku dan artikel ilmiah. Artikel ini hendak memetakan penyelesaian yang sesuai terkait kepada perjanjian kerja yang tidak menjamin hak pekerja yang dijamin dalam konstitusi, serta bertentangan dengan prinsip kebebasan berkontrak. yakni: pertama, penyelarasan peraturan perundang undangan di bawah Undang-undang judicial review di Mahkamah Agung, kedua, penyelesaian perselisihan hak melalui Pengadilan Hubungan Industrian yang akan menguji penegakan putusan dalam perjanjian kerja, peraturan perusahaan, atau perjanjian kerja bersama.The constitutional guarantee regarding constitutional rights to obtain employment in Article 28 D paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the constitutional rights to form a family in Article 28 B paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution has been limited by the provisions of Article 153 paragraph (1) letter f Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Labor. The existence of a work agreement prevents the right of workers to get married in one institution because workers must experience termination of employment to be able to exercise their rights to form a family which is actually guaranteed in the constitution and legislation. Testing Article 153 paragraph (1) letter f of Law No. 13 of 2003 in the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 13/PUU-XV/2017 has stated the phrase "except as stipulated in work agreements, company regulations, or collective labor agreements" contrary to the 1945 Constitution. This article is about to answer the binding and consequent legal power of the decision, as well as Enforcement of decisions by mapping out solutions related to legislation and work agreements that are not incompatible with decisions and are contrary to the principle of freedom of contract. This research is based on qualitative research, where the source of analysis is the Constitutional Court Decision related to the issues raised, legislation, scientific books, and articles. This article intends to map appropriate solutions related to work agreements that do not guarantee workers’ rights guaranteed in the constitution, as well as contrary to the principle of freedom of contract. namely: first, alignment of legislation under the judicial review law in the Supreme Court, secondly, settlement of rights disputes through the Industrial Relations Court which will test enforcement of decisions in work agreements, company regulations, or collective labor agreements

Diskursus Pembatalan Peraturan Daerah Pasca Putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diskursus pembatalan Perda pasca dikeluarkannya putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 atas pengujian UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 terhadap UUD 1945 yang dibatasi dalam dua rumusan masalah. Pertama, bagaimana implementasi pengujian Perda pasca Putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016?. Kedua, apakah dampak putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 terhadap perkembangan hukum pemerintah daerah? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, pasca putusan MK pengujian Perda hanya dilakukan oleh sebuah lembaga yudisial melalui judicial review di Mahkamah Agung. Kedua, terdapat dua dampak penting atas dikeluarkannya putusan MK, pertama, dengan dibatalkannya Pasal 251 UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 maka hal ini mengakhiri dualisme pengujian Perda, karena Menteri tidak dapat lagi melakukan executive review. Kedua, putusan MK o. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 tidak menghapuskan pengawasan Pusat terhadap Perda karena masih dapat dilakukan pengawasan preventif melalui executive preview.This study aimed to analyze the discourse of cancellation after the issuance of local regulations following the Constitutional Court decision No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 on judicial review of Law No. 23 2014 towards the 1945 Constitution which are restricted in two formulation of the problem. First, how is the implementation of a post-test Constitutional Court Regulation No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016? Second, what are the effects of the Constitutional Court decision No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 on the development of the local government law? This study is a normative with statute approach and case approach. The data used was secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that: firstly, the following decision of the Constitutional Court about regional regulations review can only be conducted by a judicial body through a judicial review in the Supreme Court. Secondly, there are two important effects on the issuance of the decision of the Constitutional Court, first, by the cancellation of Article 251 of Law No. 23 year 2014 then the duality of local regulation testing is ended, because the Minister can no longer perform executive review. Second, the decision of the Constitutional Court No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 does not abolish the supervision of the Center Government because they do preventive supervision through executive preview

Menggagas Pelembagaan Constitutional Question Melalui Perluasan Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menguji Undang-Undang

Tulisan ini membahas tentang gagasan pelembagaan constitutional question (pertanyaan konstitusional) di Indonesia melalui perluasan kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menguji undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa lembaga constitutional question itu dapat ditempatkan sebagai bagian dari kewenangan pengujian konstitusional yang telah dimiliki Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 24C ayat (1) UUD 1945. Selain itu hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat kebutuhan atau urgensi, baik dari segi teori maupun praktek untuk melembagakan mekanisme constitutional question di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Oleh sebab itu pada bagian akhir penelitian ini dikemukakan suatu kesimpulan dan rekomendasi bahwa lembaga constitutional question ini sangat perlu dan sangat prospektif untuk segera diterapkan di Indonesia. Caranya cukup dengan melakukan perubahan terhadap undang-undang tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi dengan mengatur dan memasukan mekanisme constitutional question ini ke dalam undang-undang yang dimaksud, tanpa harus mengadakan perubahan terhadap UUD 1945. This study will discuss the concept of constitutional question institutionalization in Indonesia by expanding the Constitutional Court’s constitutional review authority against the Constitution. The research shows that the constitutional question can be placed as part of the Constitutional Court’s constitutional review method based on Article 24C (1) 1945 Constitution. Moreover, the research also shows that there is a need or urgency, in both theory and practice, to institutionalize the constitutional question mechanism in the Constitutional Court. Therefore, this research concludes that the constitutional question is inevitable, and that is recommended to be immediately adopted in Indonesia. One of the possible methods to implement the mechanism is through the Constitutional Court law revision, which includes the constitutional question mechanism, without amending the Constitution.

Implikasi Hukum Pengaturan Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 (UUD 1945) Pasal 24C ayat (6) menentukan bahwa hukum acara serta ketentuan lainnya tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi diatur dengan undang-undang. Berdasarkan ketentuan tersebut jelas bahwa hukum cara Mahkamah Konstitusi diatur dengan undang-undang. Makna frasa "diatur dengan" menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan materi muatan itu harus diatur hanya di dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang didelegasikan dan tidak boleh didelegasikan lebih lanjut ke Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang lebih rendah (subdelegasi). Pokok permasalahan yang penting diteliti adalah apa implikasi hukum pengaturan hukum acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat, penelitian ini adalah penelitian doktrinal atau juga disebut sebagai penelitian normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan teoretis (theoretical approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Implikasi hukum pengaturan hukum acara Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi ada 3 (tiga), yaitu: ketidakpastian hukum, pelanggaran hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan, dan ketiadaan tertib hukum. Akibat ketiga implikasi hukum tersebut maka penyelenggaraan wewenang dan kewajiban Mahkamah Konstitusi menjadi tidak sah. Namun demikian mengingat asas kemanfaatan dan asas praduga rechtsmatig maka selama memberi mandat dan sampai dengan belum ada pembatalan Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi maka tindakan MK selalu harus dianggap benar.1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) Article 24C Paragraph (6) provides that the procedural law and other provisions concerning the Constitutional Court shall be regulated by act. Based on these provisions it is clear that the law of the way the Constitutional Court is regulated by act. The meaning of the phrase "governed by" pursuant to Act No. 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of the Acts and Regulations on the contents of the content shall be regulated only in the delegated Legislation and shall not be further delegated to the lower Legislation Regulations (subdelegations ). The main issue that is important to examine is what is the legal implication of regulation of procedural law of the Constitutional Court in the form of Constitutional Court Regulation not in an Act. In accordance with the issues raised, this study is a doctrinal research or also referred to as normative research. The approaches are theoretical approach, and the conceptual approach. The legal implications of the procedural law setting of the Constitutional Court in the form of Constitutional Court Regulation based on the results of this study are identified there are 3 (three), namely: legal uncertainty, violation of legal hierarchy of regulations, and absence of orderly law. As a result of these three legal implications, the legal consequences for the implementation of the authority and duties of the Constitutional Court become invalid. However, considering the principle of expediency and presupposition principle of rechtsmatig then as long as giving benefit and until there is no cancellation of the Constitutional Court Regulation, the action of the Constitutional Court must always be considered true