Oral Manifestations among Male Smokers in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Background: Smoking is a risk factor for numerous diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and lung disease. It also has negative effects in the oral cavity, including an increased incidence of cancer, oral mucosal lesions, periodontal disease, implant failure, dental caries, and dental staining. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, duration, and frequency of smoking with clinical manifestations of the oral cavity in smokers in Banjarmasin. Methods: This study utilized an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional design. Data were gathered from the Dinas Kesehatan Office of Banjarmasin City through anamnesis and clinical oral cavity examination. Fifty-seven participants meeting specific criteria were selected using purposive sampling. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test to examine the link between age, duration, and frequency of smoking with oral manifestations. The Fisher's exact test was employed if the data did not meet the chi-square test criteria. Results: The highest number of smokers were aged ≤40 years old (52.6%), the duration of smoking was found the most at the duration of >10 years (59.6%), and the frequency of smoking was higher in those who smoked more than 15 cigarettes per day (57.9%). The bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the duration of smoking and manifestations of a smoker’s palate (p = 0.040). A significant relationship between smoking frequency and manifestations of smoker’s melanosis was shown (p = 0.042). Conclusion: The oral manifestations of male smokers included smoker’s melanosis, smoker’s palate, periodontal disease, and dental staining

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Unicystic Ameloblastoma Based on The Histopathology Examination Result Analysis

  Unicystic ameloblastoma is a type of ameloblastoma that often occurs at a young age. Unicystic ameloblastoma can occur due to neoplastic transformation from an odontogenic cyst to an odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic transformation of reduced enamel epithelium from developing teeth, or cystic degeneration of solid ameloblastoma. However, there is no convincing evidence has yet been found for each proposed pathogenesis. This study aims to determine the development of etiology and pathogenesis of unicystic ameloblastoma based on the analysis of the results of histopathological examination. This study aims to determine the development of etiology and pathogenesis of unicystic ameloblastoma based on the analysis of the results of histopathological examination. The study was conducted using a systematic review method through searching journals on PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using keywords. In the initial search, 1109 journals were obtained, which were then selected based on inclusion criteria, namely English-language journals published in 2017-2020, indexed in Scopus, and relating to the etiology and pathogenesis of unicystic ameloblastoma based on the analysis of the results of histopathological examination, so that 16 journals were obtained. Etiology of the unicystic ameloblastoma has not undergone renewal, and the currently known pathogenesis of the unicystic ameloblastoma is molecular pathogenesis, namely where the development of odontogenic lesions occurs due to pathogenic gene mutations that affect the signaling pathway. The mutation that often occurs is the BRAF V600E mutation which is included in the MAPK signaling pathway

Differences in characteristics of Central Giant Cell Granuloma with Ameloblastoma, Odontogenic Myxoma and Aneurysmal Bone Cyst through radiographic approach

Objectives: This study aims to determine the differences in the characteristics of Central Giant Cell Granuloma with Ameloblastoma, Odontogenic Myxoma, and Aneurysmal Bone Cyst through a radiographic approach so as to expand understanding of the characteristics of Central Giant Cell Granuloma with benign lesions of the oral cavity that have similar characteristics. Review: The data used in this study are research journals published on PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Selecting keywords namely Radiology, Central Gaint Cell Granuloma, Differential Diagnosis by formulating research questions to provide an operational framework using the PICO framework (P: Patient, Population, or Problem; I: Intervention or Exposure; C: Comparison; Outcome). Data collection procedures were carried out through journal identification, then data reduction was carried out, namely selecting journals that were in accordance with the research concept, so that inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined and tested for eligibility and completeness of journals. Conclusion: In this literature review, it was found that Central Giant Cell Granuloma can be diagnosed in comparison with Ameloblastoma, Odontogenic Myxoma, and Aneurysmal Bone Cyst.  A total of 41.6% compared with Ameloblastoma, so Ameloblastoma has a higher percentage.  19.4% compared with Odontogenic Myxoma and 38.8% compared with Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Green Dentistry: A Scoping Review

  One of the things that contribute to global warming and environmental damage is medical waste from dental practice. Green Dentistry is an eco-friendly concept of dental practice. Green Dentistry is present as a solution to preserve natural resources, reducing energy use and lessen the waste produced. This study aimed to obtain an overview of knowledge, attitudes, and practice of green dentistry among dentists and dental students. This scoping review uses a literature search on the Google Scholar database guided by PRISMA. The study population was dentists and dental students. Inclusion criteria were observational studies on green dentistry published during 2018 - 2022 in English and Indonesian language. Articles were selected based on tittle, abstract and full text. Extracted data was presented in tables and summarized for an overview of evidence. From 88 articles obtained, 11 articles were included in this review. Each article contains knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding green dentistry, eco-friendly practices in dental clinic, and medical waste management. Each article uses a questionnaire with various number of domains and items. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of dentists and dental students regarding green dentistry are still not evenly distributed. Postgraduate dentists were found to have better knowledge. Barriers that were often encountered are cost factors and lack of training or information. Knowledge regarding green dentistry concept among dentist and dental students still needs to be improved. Providing information about specific actions related to the concept of green dentistry is necessary

A Comprehensive Approach to Geriatric Patient Care Based on Geriatric Assessment

Background Care for geriatric patients must consider several factors. It is critical to conduct a thorough examination of elderly patients to develop an ideal treatment plan for patients using a series of geriatric assessments. Case report The first patient was a 63-year-old male complaining of an open wound on several loose upper left teeth. It is suspected that he had undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. The second patient was a 70-year-old female having difficulty eating due to a loose upper left tooth with generalized enlarged gingiva. The patient had hypertension and was taking the medication without any supervision. Geriatric Assessment was performed, which included the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) examination, the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Mini-Cognitive. The two patients consulted with the internist before receiving further treatment. Conclusion A comprehensive examination with Geriatric Assessment can help dentists determine the best treatment plan for geriatric patient

Oral Aphthous-like Ulcers Response to Topical Therapy in Young Adult Woman with Beta-Thalassemia Intermedia

Background: Beta thalassemia may have some oral manifestations. Oral mucosa ulcer may be one of the oral manifestations of beta-thalassemia. The oral ulcer may resemble recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). This current case report aims to present an aphthous oral ulcer as a manifestation in young adult women with beta-thalassemia. Case report: A 28-year-old woman complained of recurrent painful oral ulcers in the labial mucosa. She was diagnosed with beta-thalassemia intermedia three years before. The ulcer may take 3-4 weeks to heal completely. Intraoral examination revealed two yellowish ulcers, 5 mm and 10 mm, surrounded by an erythematous halo, regular margin on left lips mucosa, oral ulcer pain scale measured medium level by visual analogue scale (VAS). The oral aphthous-like ulcer was taken for diagnosis in this case. Topical treatment was given to the oral ulcer using chlorine dioxide gel three times daily. After 10 days, the oral aphthous-like ulcer was healed. Conclusion: An oral aphthous-like ulcer may be the oral manifestation in beta-thalassemia patients, and the oral ulcer may respond well to topical treatment commonly used in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients. Hence, it is important to recognize oral conditions as one clinical manifestation in beta-thalassemia patients and choose the appropriate treatment to accelerate oral ulcer healing

Prevalence of alveolar bone crest resorption patterns at the age of 12-30 years from panoramic radiographs at RSGMP Universitas Trisakti

Objectives: The aim of this study is  determine the prevalence of alveolar bone crest resorption patterns at the age of 12-30 years from panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study used consecutive sampling method based on secondary data from panoramic radiographs at the age 12-30 years, who had resorption on central insisivus and first molars at maxilla and mandibula. The samples used in this study were teeth 11, 21, 31, 41, 16, 26, 36 and 46 with using digital measurements from the CEJ to the top of the alveolar bone. Data is presented in tabular form with simple statistical calculations using SPSS and MS. Excel, and intraobserver reliability test. After the measurements were taken, intraobserver reliability was tested using the Cohen's Kappa test. Data processing was carried out using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of patients diagnosed with periodontitis was 6.19% with Horizontal bone resorption 4,26% and vertical 1.93%. Conclusion: The prevalence of patients diagnosed with periodontitis in 2022 was 6.19% with horizontal bone destruction patterns of 4.26% and vertical 1.93%

Effectiveness of Duration Time to Use the Digital Dental Calculator Application on DMFT Index Measurement

  Introduction: Caries is a dental and oral disease characterized by cavities. To assess the severity of caries using an index, namely the DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Tooth) index. The DMFT index is often used to monitor oral health status in the community. The results of the DMFT Index examination have often been calculated manually using paper and pen, so the time required is longer. Along with the development of technology, a digital dental calculator application was developed as a solution to shorten the duration and increase the accuracy of the DMFT Index calculation results. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the digital dental survey application on the duration of DMFT index measurement time. Methods: This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with Post-test Only Group Design. The sampling technique used convenience sampling with a total of 64 professional students at Baiturrahmah Dental Hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The average time for the sample to measure the DMFT index manually was 220.81 seconds while the digital measurement was 30.17 seconds. The Mann Whitney test results showed a significant difference in time duration (p<0.05) between the use of digital dental applications and manual in measuring the DMFT Index. DMFT Index calculation using the application is shorter than the manual calculation. Conclusion: The digital dental calculator application is more effective in shortening the duration of time compared to manual calculations in calculating the DMFT Index results

Distribution of dental anomalies in panoramic radiography at RSGMP Universitas Airlangga

Objectives: This research was aimed to determine the distribution of dental anomaly cases on panoramic radiographs at Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital (RSGMP). Materials and Methods: This research used a descriptive observational design with a total sampling technique from panoramic radiographic data at the Radiology Clinic of RSGMP Universitas Airlangga during 2018–2020, which had cases of dental anomalies. Results: The result showed 116 cases of dental anomalies, with more incidence in female (64%) than in male (36%). The most common dental anomaly category was the number of teeth anomalies (47.41%), followed by tooth size anomalies (29.31%), tooth shape anomalies (23.28%), and there were no cases of anomalies in tooth structure and position. The most common types of dental anomalies were microdontia (27.59%), missing teeth/agenesis (25%), supernumerary teeth (22.41%), dilaceration (16.38%), talon cusp (3.45%), taurodontism (2.59%), macrodontia (1.72%), gemination (0.86%). Conclusion: The most common cases of dental anomalies were based on their categories, namely anomalies in the number of teeth, followed by tooth size, and tooth shape

Self-Perception, Psychosocial, Functional, Interest, and Knowledge Aspects Regarding Adults Orthodontic Treatment in Greater Jakarta

  Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is the process of adjusting the position of the teeth and jaw to achieve optimal occlusion. Orthodontic treatment is generally performed on children and adolescents, but nowadays more adults are considering orthodontic treatment for aesthetic and dental health reasons. Factors that may influence the uptake of orthodontic treatment are cost, treatment time, gender, age, socioeconomic, knowledge, interest and psychological aspect. Objectives: This study aims to describe self-perception, psychosocial, functional, interest, and knowledge aspects regarding adults’ orthodontic treatment in greater Jakarta areas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was held from October to December 2023. Sample comprised 196 adults who met the following eligibility criteria: (a) aged 35-50 years; (b) living in greater Jakarta; (c) no history of orthodontic treatment; and (d) had income higher than minimum regional wage.  Samples were taken by purposive sampling. Demographic data and information were collected by means of a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire is consisted of 31 items concerning self-perception, psychosocial, functional, interest, and knowledge aspects regarding orthodontic treatment. Results: Majority of respondents felt dissatisfied with the arrangement of their teeth (60.2%), felt that they needed orthodontic treatment (71.4%), felt that poor arrangement of teeth was related to decreased social attractiveness (89.3%), and did not had complaints when speaking (80.1%) or jaw joints (51.0%). The level of knowledge about orthodontic treatment was classified as poor (64.3%), and the majority of respondents were interested in undergoing orthodontic treatment (85.7%). Conclusion: Majority of adults aged 35-50 years in greater Jakarta areas are interested to undergo orthodontic treatment as well as having high self-awareness of the purpose of orthodontic treatment. The level of knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment among adults aged 35-50 years in greater Jakarta areas is poor