A259: Kinematic Characteristics of a Novel Glide-Step and Rotational Delivery Technique in Shot Put

The shot put is a technically demanding track and field event requiring strength and coordination. This study introduces a novel technique combining the glide-step with rotational delivery, aiming to enhance throwing performance. While traditional glide and rotation techniques have been well-studied, the kinematic characteristics of this hybrid approach remain unexplored. This preliminary study analyzed the kinematic features of elite athletes using this technique via 2D video analysis. Three national-level shot put athletes were recruited. Each performed three throws using a standard shot in a regulated throwing circle, with the best attempt selected for analysis. 2D video analysis was conducted using Kinovea software, and non-parametric statistical tests were applied using SPSS Statistics 26.0. Key metrics included shot release velocity, joint angles, core of mass (COM) displacement, glide-step speed, and overall throwing performance. The analysis revealed key kinematic characteristics of the glide-step and rotational delivery technique. In the release phase, the average shot release velocity was 12.01 ± 0.38 m/s (peak: 13.25 ± 1.27 m/s), the average release height was 209.26 ± 10.83 cm, and the mean initiation-to-release time was 0.80 ± 0.04 s. Joint angles included the right knee ranging from 97.67 ± 4.51° to 146.67 ± 5.51°, right hip from 113.00 ± 19.08° to 147.00 ± 5.20°, thigh from 44.33 ± 19.66° to 104.67 ± 8.15°, and right arm from 68.33 ± 19.86° to 94.00 ± 6.00°. COM displacement ranged from 105.54 ± 22.09 cm to 152.09 ± 7.13 cm, with the support leg-trunk angle from 153.00 ± 6.08° to 172.33 ± 5.77° and right foot angle from 94.67 ± 1.15° to 134.00 ± 13.12°. Glide-step speeds ranged from 1.45 ± 0.16 m/s to 3.87 ± 0.07 m/s. This preliminary study explored the kinematic characteristics of a novel glide-step and rotational delivery technique in three elite shot putters using 2D video analysis. The findings suggest that this technique enables high release velocities and a rapid transition from glide-step to release, with glide-step speed and joint coordination potentially enhancing momentum. Variations in COM height and support leg-trunk angles indicate stability during the throw. Given the small sample size, these results are exploratory and require further validation with larger cohorts. Nonetheless, they offer initial insights into refining this technique for training purposes

A013: Under the Background of “Double Reduction”, the Development Strategy of the After-School Sports Services of the Primary School

With the reform of quality education, schools around the world have responded positively to the national policy in recent years after the governments of various places have gradually introduced relevant documents on reducing the burden and pressure on students. Carrying out after-school sports services in primary schools can reduce the burden on students and meet their individual needs. This study conducted an in-depth investigation and analysis of the current situation of after-school sports services in Pengcheng Primary School in Wenjiang District, aiming to propose development strategies for future development. Method: The relevant leaders, after-school sports service teachers, students, and parents at Pengcheng Primary School in Wenjiang District were selected as the survey subjects. Based on the analysis of the problems in the implementation of after-school sports services in primary schools, the paper focuse on the construction of the teacher team, the allocation of sports facilities and equipment, the arrangement of sports projects, and the teacher\u27s attitude in the after-school sports services at Pengcheng Primary School, and conduct an in-depth analysis of the problems existing in the implementation of after-school sports services in primary schools. Primary school after-school sports services to carry out the weak teachers, physical education teacher construction not perfect; school sports venues, equipment construction not perfect; after-school sports services project traditionally a single; after-school sports services management system not clear to carry out fewer activities Conclusions: The following development strategies were proposed based on the survey strengthening the construction of school PE teaching staff and increasing the recruitment channels for teachers; improving sports venues and equipment and optimizing the allocation of resources; enriching after-school PE service programmes; and improving the rules and regulations related to after-school PE services

A290: Multi-Omics Data Fusion-Driven Predictive Model of Exercise Load, Metabolite Profiles, and Cardiovascular Effects

This study aims to construct a predictive model that integrates multi-omics data, including metabolomics, transcriptomics, and clinical exercise metrics, to elucidate the causal relationships between exercise load, dynamic metabolite profiles, and cardiovascular outcomes. This research addresses the existing knowledge gap in the optimization of personalized exercise prescriptions for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A longitudinal cohort of 500 participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) alongside blood metabolomics profiling, utilizing targeted lipid and amino acid panels at rest, at the anaerobic threshold, and at peak exercise. The multi-omics fusion approach included: (1) LASSO regression to identify exercise-responsive metabolites (e.g., succinate, β-hydroxybutyrate); (2) Mendelian randomization to validate causal pathways between metabolites and cardiovascular disease (e.g., branched-chain amino acids and endothelial dysfunction); and (3) graph neural networks (GNNs) to integrate metabolic pathways (e.g., PPAR/AMPK), transcriptomic signatures (e.g., PGC-1α), and echocardiographic indices (e.g., left ventricular ejection fraction, CAVI). Cross-species validation was conducted using ApoE−/− mice subjected to exercise preconditioning. The GNN model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for cardiovascular risk stratification, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92, compared to Framingham scores, which yielded an AUC of 0.76. Key findings include: (1) Exercise-induced elevation of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) mediated 38% of the improvement in cardiac output through inhibition of HDAC3 (p \u3c 0.001); (2) High-intensity interval training (HIIT) activated a conserved PPARα-CPT1 axis, which contributed to a reduction in atherosclerotic plaque instability (odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval: 0.51–0.74); and (3) The temporal dynamics of metabolites measured from 0 to 24 hours post-exercise outperformed single timepoint assessments in predicting endothelial function (ΔR² = 0.21). This multi-omics framework pioneers causal inference in exercise medicine, identifying β-hydroxybutyrate and the PPARα-CPT1 axis as dual targets for cardiovascular disease prevention. It facilitates precision exercise dosing by quantifying metabolic reprogramming thresholds, thereby supporting clinical guidelines for the management of metabolic syndrome. Future research should focus on validating these thresholds in diabetic cohorts through proteomic-epigenomic integration

A036: “the Champion Gene” ACTN3 and Cold Adaptation: An Environmental Regression Model and Systematic Review

The ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) genetic polymorphism is a significant research topic in sports genetics, with the XX genotype exhibiting a marked geographical gradient in different populations worldwide. The frequency of the XX genotype is notably higher in cold, high-latitude regions compared to tropical areas (e.g., Sweden 25%, Russia 14.2%, while Kenya 1%). These phenomena suggest that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism may be closely related to cold adaptation. This study aims to analyze the evolutionary mechanisms, molecular regulation, and potential application of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in winter sports talent selection. Using the genomic database Ensemble and the WWF terrestrial ecoregion database, the distribution characteristics of ACTN3 R577X genotypes in different latitudes and temperature conditions were systematically analyzed. Linear regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between these genotypes and cold adaptation phenotypes. Specifically, the relationships between average latitude, average temperature, and XX genotype frequency were studied. A systematic review of the potential thermogenic mechanisms of ACTN3 polymorphism was conducted based on the terms “ACTN3,” “cold tolerance,” and “cold adaptation.” Linear regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between average latitude and temperature, with a 1-degree increase in latitude a 0.387°C decrease in temperature (R² = 0.8632). A positive correlation was found between latitude and XX genotype frequency, where each 1-degree increase in latitude resulted in a 0.307% increase in XX frequency (p = 0.00565, R²² = 0.402). These findings suggest a link between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and cold adaptation. Molecular studies indicate that ACTN3 deficiency promotes slow muscle fibers and activates mitochondrial biogenesis via calcium signaling, improving energy metabolism and cold tolerance. The ACTN3 XX genotype may offer a physiological advantage in cold environments by improving muscle metabolic efficiency and thermogenesis. Linear regression results confirm the correlation between latitude, temperature, and XX genotype frequency, suggesting a genetic basis for winter sports talent selection. Despite debates on genetic drift in cold adaptation, the high frequency of this genotype in high-latitude cold regions supports the cold adaptation hypothesis. Future research should explore interactions between ACTN3 and other genes (e.g., TRPM8, CPT1A) alongside environmental factors for a more comprehensive approach to talent selection

A271: High-intensity Interval Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Adults

In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been steadily increasing in China. Finding an effective approach that can simultaneously improve cardiorespiratory fitness, increase muscle strength, and promote weight loss in overweight and obese individuals remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the effects of high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) on optimizing body composition and promoting physical fitness. By improving training efficiency, the study aims to establish a scientific exercise intervention strategy to provide effective exercise guidance to support health management and weight control. A total of 26 untrained participants (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²; body fat ≥ 25% for men and ≥ 30% for women) were recruited (age: 31.56 ± 8.98 years, height: 170.66 ± 10.76 cm, weight: 77.48 ± 23.02 kg). The intervention consisted of a two-week exercise adaptation phase followed by an eight-week HIIRT program. Body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), muscular strength, and resting metabolic rate were assessed using Metalyzer 3B and CORTEX Bike-M. Data were analyzed using SPSS and R software, and paired-sample t-tests were used to test the significance of differences before and after the intervention to evaluate the effects of HIIRT on strength, cardiopulmonary function, and body composition. Before the intervention, participants had a mean body weight of 77.48 ± 23.02 kg, a BMI of 26.22 ± 5.80 kg/m², a body fat percentage of 31.35 ± 6.68% and a maximum (6RM) squat of 55.4 ± 23.5 kg. After the intervention, body weight decreased significantly to 75.76 ± 4.53 kg, BMI to 25.63 ± 5.71 kg/m², and body fat percentage to 29.79 ± 6.92%, while 6RM squat increased significantly to 69.2 ± 22.20 kg (P \u3c 0.01). However, no significant differences in VO2max and resting metabolic rate were observed (P \u3e 0.05). 1) HIIRT effectively improves body composition and contributes to significant weight loss in overweight and obese individuals. 2) HIIRT significantly improved muscular strength. The effect of HIIRT on cardiorespiratory fitness requires further investigation, as the lack of improvement may be due to the specific interval time used in the training protocol. Similarly, the lack of significant changes in resting metabolic rate may be due to the weight loss during the intervention period

A070: The Effect of Yoga on Depression in Adolescent Females: A Systematic Review

Depression is common among adolescent females and has a significant impact on their quality of life and academic performance. Thus, effective interventions for lowering depressive symptoms in adolescents are needed. Yoga may be an effective form of exercise for female teenagers who are depressed. To date, no systematic research has been conducted on the effectiveness of yoga on depression in female adolescents aged 10 to 18. The objective of this review is to thoroughly evaluate the effectiveness of yoga in treating depression in female adolescents. This will generate new ideas for preventing and treating mental health problems and depression in adolescent females. Method: The search was conducted via four Chinese and English databases from the time of construction until May 2024, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), screening studies on the effects of yoga on depression in adolescent females. The methodological quality of the included studies was rigorously assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB-2) tool for randomized controlled trials. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 544 adolescent female participants. The studies (88.9%) demonstrated that yoga interventions were associated with significant improvements in depressive symptoms. The interventions varied in duration, frequency, and style of yoga, but common elements included mindfulness-based practices, breathing exercises, and physical postures. The findings suggest that yoga may be an effective intervention for reducing depressive symptoms in adolescent females. However, the current evidence base is limited by the small number of studies and variability in intervention protocols. Future research should aim to establish standardized yoga programs, employ larger sample sizes, and include longer follow-up periods to better understand the optimal dose of intervention and assess the sustainability of its effects

A112: Analysis of Attention Allocation in Fitness and Leisure Industry Policies of Local Governments

In 2016, China issued the Guidance on Accelerating the Development of the Fitness and Leisure Industry, after which local governments successively promulgated related policies. As key actors in policy implementation, the rationality of attention allocation in their policies directly impacts policy outcomes. Based on attention allocation theory, this study explores provincial government promotion plans for the fitness and leisure industry from multiple dimensions, analyzing differences in attention allocation among provincial governments, with the aim of providing references for advancing high-quality development of the industry. Policy texts from 29 provincial-level regions were collected through official government portals. Using NVivo 11 software, the texts were processed and analyzed. Two coders familiar with policy analysis conducted the coding, and one randomly selected policy text was subjected to consistency verification. Two main functions of the software were applied: first, the word frequency query function to broadly grasp policy content; second, the coding function to establish an analytical framework. Through sentence-by-sentence coding of the 29 policy texts, 9 parent nodes and 46 child nodes were established, totaling 1,001 reference nodes. The top three-word frequencies were sports, development, and exercise. Over time, local governments’ attention to the fitness and leisure industry shifted from an initial concentrated focus to a gradual decline, reflecting waning interest in nationally set policy objectives. In terms of policy formats, local policies were largely similar. Reference node values revealed that local governments allocated more attention to improving service systems, strengthening organizational guarantees, and enhancing infrastructure construction, while less attention was directed toward advancing R&D and manufacturing of equipment or optimizing industrial structures and layouts. Conclusions/Discussion: The development of the fitness and leisure industry is an inevitable trend driven by China’s socioeconomic progress. Local governments should rationally allocate attention based on regional characteristics to address shortcomings in policy formulation and implementation, ensuring policies effectively propel industry growth. While this study’s use of NVivo coding may be subject to coder bias, it interprets the content framework of fitness and leisure industry policies through the lens of attention allocation, enriching academic understanding of policy implications and contributing to industry advancement

A079: An Empirical Tripartite Framework Analysis of Winter Sports Policy Implementation in Chinese Educational Institutions

Following China\u27s successful bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics, campus ice and snow sports have made progress in promotion due to the implementation of Olympic strategies. However, many obstacles remain, preventing the achievement of expected policy goals. Ice and snow sports positively impact adolescents\u27 physical and mental health and willpower. Therefore, this study evaluates national-level campus ice and snow sports policies in China in three aspects and proposes optimization suggestions, aiming to provide theoretical references for promoting such sports. Method: Sixteen national-level campus ice and snow sports policy documents from the Chinese government\u27s official website were selected as research samples. Based on content analysis, policy tools and policy subjects in the documents were coded and counted. ROSTCM 6 software was used for policy text mining to establish a policy evaluation index system. Nine policies were selected through purposive sampling and evaluated using the PMC index model. The statistical results were imported into MATLAB to create PMC surface plots for intuitive analysis. The 16 policy samples used policy tools 303 times, with incentive tools accounting for 5.611%, authoritative tools for 13.201%, capacity-building tools for 39.934%, systemic change tools for 17.822%, and symbolic and hortatory tools for 23.432%. The policy samples involved 163 policy subjects, with governments accounting for 36.810%, schools for 30.675%, society for 29.448%, and families for 3.067%. The average PMC index of the nine selected policies was 7.22, with a mean depression of 2.78. Five policies were rated excellent, and four were good. The results that China\u27s campus ice and snow sports policies exhibit irrational tool use, with governments and schools as main executors, and emphasis on social participation, align with previous research. Policies are of high quality, showing convex growth. However, policy design needs improvement in incentive mechanisms, multidimensional coordination, and implementation effectiveness. To promote campus ice and snow sports, it is recommended to optimize tool use, coordinate policy subjects, and strengthen policy design

A085: Analysis and Implications of the Standards for Health-Promoting Schools in Europe

The Health Promoting School (HPS) is an educational model that promotes students\u27 health literacy through creating a healthy environment and building internal capacities. Since its pilot implementation in 1995, China has still faced structural challenges such as low policy execution efficiency and the lack of a family-school-community collaboration mechanism. In contrast, the forward-looking governance framework and practical validation advantages of the European Standards for Health Promoting Schools (ESHPS) offer valuable references. Based on this, the study aims to interpret and analyze the European HPS standards and provide targeted insights to guide the development of Health Promoting Schools with Chinese characteristics and advance health education. The study employs literature review and logical analysis methods to interpret and analyze ESHPS and provides targeted insights for the development of Health Promoting Schools in China. The ESHPS is based on a three-dimensional framework of inputs, process interventions, and outcomes, facilitating effective mechanisms to enhance health literacy through dynamic collaboration across four levels: policy, schools, communities, and students. Its dynamic governance logic builds an operational system through democratic consultation, community empowerment, and other strategies. Although China’s standards rely on quantitative indicators for pilot promotion, challenges remain, such as outdated standards and a lack of policy coordination. Therefore, China needs to optimize Health Promoting Schools by improving standards, ensuring standardized construction, promoting integrated family-school-community participation, and enhancing the professional development of health education teachers. Conclusions/Discussion: The analysis of ESHPS essentially aims to promote local standard innovation by drawing on successful foreign experiences. However, there is a gap in institutional adaptation when transplanting such experiences, and the development of health-promoting school standards is not only a matter of policy implementation but also involves the transformation of educational concepts and social culture. Future research should focus on exploring the causal relationships between the outcomes of foreign experiences, based on an understanding of the successful experiences of developed countries, as well as how to achieve the localization and innovative transformation of international experiences in the present context. By coupling the advantages of foreign paradigms with local governance contexts and achieving a shift from compliance with standards to a quality-oriented paradigm based on cultural subjectivity, a Chinese solution that integrates scientific and humanistic aspects can ultimately be formed

A131: SWOT and Strategic of Event Operation Under the Background of Electronic Sports Entering the Olympics

The inclusion of esports in the Olympics presents new opportunities and challenges for event operations. While enhancing industry recognition and attracting policy support and capital investment, it also faces issues with traditional sports concepts and insufficient standardization of event rules. This study focuses on a SWOT analysis of esports event operations to identify competitive advantages and potential risks, aiming to provide strategic insights for sustainable development. This study employs the SWOT analysis model, integrating literature analysis, case studies, and data statistics to evaluate the internal and external environments of esports event operations. Data sources include industry reports, typical event cases (e.g., the Asian Games esports project), and policy texts. The analysis identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to propose strategic combinations. The core strengths of esports event operations are a young audience base, capital-intensive investment, and digital platform advantages (e.g., live streaming and fan economy). Weaknesses include an imperfect rule system, low recognition of traditional sports culture, and insufficient professional training for athletes. Opportunities arise from policy support, cross-industry cooperation (e.g., sponsorships from new energy vehicle brands), and technological advancements (e.g., AI referee systems). Threats include public opinion disputes, intensified industry competition, and ecological protection policies. Based on these findings, the study proposes SO (using Olympic resources to promote event internationalization), ST (enhancing transparency to mitigate public opinion risks), WO (improving rule standardization and talent development), and WT (establishing industry alliances to resist external shocks) strategies. The entry of esports into the Olympics opens a new dimension for event operations, requiring dynamic strategic adjustments to balance opportunities and challenges. The study recommends prioritizing the SO strategy to integrate the Olympic brand with esports culture, strengthening commercial value and social responsibility. The WO strategy should focus on addressing rule and talent gaps to promote industry standardization. Future research exploring the integration of esports and traditional sports offers insights for the digital transformation of the global sports ecosystem