A247: Research on High-Quality Development of Physical Education in Compulsory Education Stage Empowered by Artificial Intelligence

The high-quality development of physical education in primary and secondary school sports is conducive to building a leading country in education and sports, to develop a high-quality educational system, and to cultivate new generations with ideals, abilities, and responsibilities. Artificial intelligence technology provides strong technical support for the high-quality development of school sports. This research aims to explore how to integrate artificial intelligence technology with school sports and provide a theoretical reference for the high-quality development of school sports in the compulsory education stage. Method: By using the methods of literature review, logical analysis, and field research, this research deeply explored the value implication, action mechanism, and promotion path of the high-quality development of physical education in primary and secondary school sports empowered by artificial intelligence. Firstly, the high-quality development of physical education in primary and secondary school sports has four value implications, including deepening the reform of physical education teaching, improving the quality of talent training, enhancing the efficiency of education governance, and promoting the fairness of physical education. Secondly, computer vision, speech recognition, large language models, and other artificial intelligence, through empowering teaching, learning, evaluation, research, management, and cultivation in physical education in primary and secondary schools, can realize accurate sports teaching, create efficient learning environment, booster multi-dimensional evaluation, build digital research space, promote modern education management, build collaborative education mechanism. Thirdly, to realize the high-quality development of physical education in primary and secondary school sports empowered by artificial intelligence includes: consolidating the policy foundation and strengthening the policy implementation, improving relevant standards and setting up standard models, improving digital infrastructure and breaking through technical limitations, stimulating the vitality of subjects and building a collaborative network, clarifying the role positioning, and improve digital literacy. This research discussed the application of artificial intelligence technology in teaching, learning, evaluation, research, management, and cultivation in physical education in primary and secondary school sports from the micro level, to realize the improvement of education quality, talent quality, teacher quality, and management, and then promote high-quality development. In the digital era, emerging technologies are empowering basic education. Therefore, future studies can explore the application of other digital technologies and physical education in the compulsory education stage, or from other stages of education

A046: VR/AR in Sports Science: Enhancing Performance and Rehabilitation

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are immersive technologies reshaping sports science by enhancing training, rehabilitation, and spectator experiences. VR creates simulated environments, while AR superimposes digital elements onto real-world contexts. Despite their growing adoption, systematic evaluations of their efficacy in sports remain sparse. This study examines peer-reviewed evidence (2015–2024) to assess VR/AR applications in athlete skill development, injury recovery, and tactical coaching, while identifying research gaps and practical challenges. A systematic review of 52 studies (2015–2024) was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore. Inclusion criteria prioritized experimental or mixed methods designs with measurable outcomes. Participants included elite/professional athletes (n = 1,650), rehabilitation patients (n = 620), and coaches (n = 210) across soccer, basketball, tennis, and post-surgical recovery. Interventions featured VR-based cognitive-motor tasks (e.g., 360° decision-making drills), AR-assisted biomechanical feedback systems, and hybrid training modules. Data collection methods included motion capture (e.g., Vicon systems), EMG sensors, performance analytics (accuracy, reaction time), and validated questionnaires (e.g., System Usability Scale). Quantitative data were analyzed via meta-regression (random-effects model), while qualitative insights underwent thematic coding. VR training improved soccer players’ decision-making speed by 18% (p \u3c 0.001, 95% CI: 12–24%) compared to traditional methods. AR-guided rehabilitation reduced ankle reinjury rates by 27% (p = 0.02) through real-time posture correction. However, 25% of VR users reported cybersickness, correlating with dropout rates (r = 0.34, p = 0.01). Qualitative themes highlighted coaches’ preference for AR’s contextual feedback but noted hardware limitations (e.g., latency). Spectator studies revealed AR-enhanced broadcasts increased engagement by 32% (p \u3c 0.05) in live events. Consistent with prior meta-analyses, VR/AR significantly enhances skill acquisition and rehabilitation outcomes. Novel findings include AR’s superiority in reducing reinjury risks, contrasting earlier skepticism about its precision. Limitations include underrepresentation of female athletes (18% of studies) and short-term efficacy assessments. Future work should prioritize longitudinal studies, gender-balanced cohorts, and cost-effective hardware designs. Practically, VR/AR offer scalable tools for remote training and injury prevention, yet require improved user adaptability to maximize adoption. This review underscores the need for sport-specific VR/AR frameworks to address diverse performance and rehabilitation demands

A106: School-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents: A-Meta-Analysis-Using-the-RE-AIM-Framework

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (1) assess the effects of school-based physical activity (PA) interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in children and adolescents, and (2) evaluate the reporting of internal validity (i.e. Reach and Effectiveness) and external validity (i.e. Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) within included studies using the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library) for studies published from January 1, 2000, to July 10, 2024. Eligible studies included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials involving healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. Only studies that reported CRF or body composition with PA or exercise as the sole intervention were included. The RE-AIM framework was applied to assess study quality. 43 studies with a total of 27,626 participants were included in the meta-analysis. School-based PA interventions had a significant positive effect on CRF (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.38, P \u3c 0.001; I² = 75%). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant positive effect on CRF in studies involving mixed-gender groups (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.40; I² = 76%), while no significant effects were found in studies involving only boys or girls. Furthermore, no significant effect of school-based PA interventions on percentage of body fat (%BF) was observed (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.10 to 0.00, P = 0.054; I² = 28%). The total proportion of the RE-AIM framework reported was 48.1%. Among the five dimensions, Effectiveness is the most frequently reported (72.7%), followed by Reach (53.1%), Adoption (52.3%), Implementation (42.4%), and Maintenance (4.7%). School-based PA interventions significantly improve CRF in children and adolescents, particularly among mixed-gender populations, though the effect on reducing %BF is not significant. Moreover, reporting of internal validity was more frequent than external validity in the included studies of the RE-AIM framework

A067: Improving Children\u27s Community-Based Sports Coaching Service Quality: An SOR Model Analysis

In recent years, children’s community-based sports coaching has experienced rapid growth due to its convenience, safety, and tailored approach. However, parents’ trust in the quality of coaching services significantly impacts development. This study, grounded in the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, examines how service quality (stimulus) influences parental trust (organism) and their intention to utilize such services (response) from the perspective of parental trust. It analyzes existing service issues and proposes measures to enhance service quality, offering practical guidance for institutions and coaches. Method: This study combined the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. First, questionnaires were distributed to 300 parents to collect their evaluations of service quality, including professionalism, process standardization, communication effectiveness, and service outcomes. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data, examining the impact of service quality (stimulus) on parental trust and satisfaction (organism), and how these internal states influence behavioral intentions (response). Second, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 staff members from various institutions to gain deeper insights into the operational models and existing issues of community-based sports coaching services. The questionnaire and interview results revealed several issues in current community-based sports coaching services: Lack of transparency in coach qualifications; non-standardized service processes; insufficient communication between coaches and trainees; and Absence of evaluation mechanisms for training effectiveness. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis demonstrated that service quality significantly influenced parental internal intention. Specifically, the quality of coaching services had a positive effect on parents\u27 trust. Parental trust significantly enhances parents\u27 intention to continue using the services (β = 0.52, p \u3c 0.01) and their intention to recommend them (β = 0.48, p \u3c 0.01). The findings indicate that improving the service quality of community sports coaches can significantly boost parental trust and satisfaction, thereby increasing their willingness to continue using the services. Therefore, sports training institutions should establish a coach certification system, enhance the standardization of courses, strengthen communication between coaches and children, and introduce third-party evaluation mechanisms. These measures hold significant practical importance for improving parental trust and satisfaction

A249: The Occurrence of Depression Among Chinese High School Students

Depression is a prevalent mental health condition globally, with significant implications for adolescent well-being. To safeguard adolescents\u27 physical and mental health, it is critical to examine the prevalence of depression and its risk factors. However, existing studies on adolescent depression have limitations, and the regional distribution of depression among adolescents remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. This study recruited 617 high school students aged 15–18 years from the 12th High School in Huaibei, Anhui Province. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect demographic information and data from the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) via a questionnaire. Independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the distributional characteristics of depressive symptoms, focusing on differences across symptom severity and gender. A total of 537 adolescents met the inclusion criteria, comprising 243 males (45.3%) and 294 females (54.7%), with a mean age of 16.2 ± 0.5 years, a mean height of 170.7 ± 8.1 cm, and a mean body weight of 63.6 ± 14.0 kg. Of these, 306 exhibited depressive symptoms (140 males, 166 females), with a mean SDS score of 43.5 ± 5.6. There was a significant difference in mean SDS scores between males and females (males: 44.1 ± 5.8 vs. females: 43.0 ± 5.4, p = 0.027). Among them, 247 students had mild depressive symptoms (108 males, 139 females), 55 had moderate depressive symptoms (29 males, 26 females), and 4 had severe depressive symptoms (3 males, 1 female). More than half of the high school students exhibited depressive symptoms. Although males had significantly higher mean SDS scores than females, a greater number of females than males experienced depression. These findings highlight mental health challenges among adolescents and suggest that targeted physical activity interventions could be implemented in the future to address psychological issues and reduce mental health risks. Overall, depression among high school students warrants greater attention

A276: A Grounded Theory Study: Could Outdoor Hiking Foster Meaningfulness in Life for Urban Gen-Z?

Urban Generation Z (youth born between 1995 and 2009 in cities) has grown up in highly digitized and urbanized environments, facing contemporary challenges such as social alienation and a lack of meaning in life. While outdoor hiking is recognized as a stress-relief activity, its specific mechanisms for fostering meaning in life among Generation Z remain unclear. Existing studies predominantly focus on the physical and mental health benefits of outdoor activities, neglecting the dynamic construction of meaning in life and particularly overlooking the unique characteristics of this generational cohort. This study aims to uncover the distinct pathways through which urban Generation Z derives meaning in life via outdoor hiking, constructing a meaning-generation model under the digital-nature interaction paradigm to inform intergenerational mental health interventions. Method: Combining field surveys, in-depth interviews, and grounded theory, this study engaged 23 Generation Z hiking enthusiasts (aged 18–26) from Zhejiang, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces. Supplementary data included image-text logs from Xiaohongshu and Douyin platforms. Theoretical sampling ensured diversity, while NVivo 12 facilitated three-tier coding: 1) open coding extracted 1,562 meaning units (e.g., digital detox, nature immersion, community empathy ), categorized into 18 sub-themes; 2) axial coding synthesized four main themes: natural connection, self-reconstruction, value co-creation, and meaning continuity; 3) selective coding distilled the core category— Digital Natives’ Awakening of Meaning —forming the theoretical framework. Findings: Urban Generation Z’s hiking practices generate meaning through four pathways: Natural Connection: Sensory immersion in nature triggers embodied detox, reconstructing perceptions of reality post-digital disengagement. Self-Reconstruction: Physical challenges enhance self-efficacy, with social media narratives reinforcing growth identity. Value Co-Creation: Online-offline hybrid interactions foster belonging through knowledge sharing (equipment tips) and emotional support in hiking communities. Meaning Continuity: Symbolic integration of natural experiences into urban life establishes a dynamic meaning balance. The proposed Digitally Empowered Meaning Cycle model illustrates how Generation Z leverages digital tools to transform hiking experiences into sustainable meaning resources. Breaking from the traditional nature-humanities dichotomy, this study innovatively posits the Digital Native Meaning Awakening theory, revealing Generation Z’s unique meaning reconstruction through technological mediation—balancing digital detachment and re-embedding. Compared to prior research, it emphasizes generational traits in meaning generation. Limitations include samples concentrated in southern cities; future studies should incorporate rural counterparts and cross-cultural comparisons (e.g., Eastern vs. Western perspectives). Practically, the findings support designing Citywalk urban spaces and digital-nature hybrid therapeutic products to enhance mental health and social identity cohesion among Generation Z

A135: 6-Week Intermittent Fasting and Aerobic Exercise: Effects on Body, Cardiovascular, and Sleep in Masked Obese Men

Masked obesity (MO), defined by normal BMI with elevated body fat percentage, poses elevated health risks. This randomized trial compares combined intermittent fasting (IF) and aerobic exercise (AE) with single-modality interventions in young males, assessing body composition, cardiovascular function, and sleep quality to establish optimal evidence-based interventions. A total of 36 participants were randomized into three groups (n=12 each): (1) intermittent fasting combined with aerobic exercise (IF+AE), (2) IF-only, and (3) AE-only. Baseline assessments included body composition (weight, fat/lean mass, waist-to-hip ratio), cardiovascular markers (carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT], ejection fraction), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The IF+AE group alternated between two days of IF plus one day of AE weekly for the first 3 weeks, then reversed to two days of AE plus one day of IF weekly for the latter 3 weeks. The IF-only group followed a 6-week protocol with three non-consecutive fasting days weekly (20–25% daily caloric intake). The AE-only group performed 40–45 minutes of moderate treadmill walking (60–70% max heart rate) for 6 weeks. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and t-tests P \u3c 0.05 significance threshold. All interventions maintained equivalent weekly intervention frequencies while differing in regimen composition. Body Composition: Normalization of MO: 33.3% (IF+AE), 16.7% (IF), and 16.7% (AE) of participants achieved normal body composition. Fat Mass and WHR: All groups showed significant reductions (P \u3c 0.05), with no between-group differences. Lean Mass: IF+AE exhibited a significant increase in lean mass (+0.33 kg, P \u3c 0.05) compared to IF (P \u3c 0.05), but not versus AE. Cardiovascular Function: Ejection Fraction: IF+AE (67.44±5.54% to 71.78±6.40%, P \u3c 0.05) and AE (63.29±8.36% to 67.14±9.55%, P \u3c 0.05) showed significant improvements, whereas IF exhibited no change. CIMT: No significant changes observed across groups. Sleep Quality (PSQI): IF+AE demonstrated superior outcomes in sleep latency and sleep continuity compared to IF (P \u3c 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between IF+AE and AE. The 6-week IF combined with moderate aerobic exercise (IF+AE) synergistically improved outcomes in young men with MO. IF+AE enhanced lean mass retention, ejection fraction, and sleep quality versus isolated IF, while achieving fat reduction comparable to AE alone. This combination optimized metabolic and cardiovascular benefits without lean mass loss, supporting its utility for obesity management. No significant CIMT changes were observed, indicating long-term vascular adaptation studies are needed

A122: Endurance Exercise Ameliorates Age-Related Cardiac Arrhythmias by Modulating ANK2 Expression in Aged Drosophila

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been a leading cause of death globally, with a significant impact on healthy aging. Aging is significantly rising globally, and older adults are at increased risk of age-related arrhythmias, and the mechanisms underlying age-related arrhythmias remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ANK2 and age-related arrhythmias in aged Drosophila and how endurance exercise modulates ANK2 expression on age-related arrhythmias. Method: Wild type w1118 female virgin flies were examined at 10 days of age (10C, young), 30 days of age (30C, middle-aged), and 50 days of age (50C, old) to assess age-related arrhythmias and ANK2 expression. The assays included Drosophila cardiac function analysis, including heart rate (HR), cardiac cycle (HP), and arrhythmia index (AI) to quantify the occurrence of arrhythmias he relative expression level of ANK2 mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR; furthermore, virgin flies of the UAS-ANK2RNAi strain were crossed with the wild-type W1118 strain using UAS-ANK2RNAi, respectively, and the F1 generation virgin flies obtained were divided into ANK2 knockdown (KD) group. The third generation Drosophila locomotor device was used to perform endurance exercise intervention for the aged and knockdown groups, which were recorded as 50E and KDE groups. The locomotion group underwent locomotion intervention at 38 days of age for a fortnight with two days of rest per week for 2.5 hours per day at 24s/r. 1) Compared to the 10C group, the 30C and 50C groups had significantly lower HR, significantly higher HP, significantly higher AI, exhibited more prevalent arrhythmias as well as a significant decrease in the relative expression level of ANK2 mRNA in the 30C and 50C groups.2) Compared to the 50C group, the 50E group had significantly higher HR, significantly lower HP, significantly lower AI, a significant decrease in the incidence of arrhythmias as well as a significant decrease in the relative expression level of ANK2 mRNA. Compared with the KD group, the KDE group showed a significant increase in heart rate, a significant decrease in HP, a significant decrease in AI, a significant decrease in the incidence of arrhythmia, and a significant up-regulation of the relative expression level of ANK2 mRNA. Conclusion: The increase of age-related arrhythmias in Drosophila is associated with the expression of ANK2; moreover, endurance exercise ameliorates age-related arrhythmias by up regulating the expression of ANK2 in Drosophila

A113: Smart Assessment in University PE Teaching

With the development of educational information and intelligence, the evaluation and improvement of teaching effectiveness in university physical education (PE) have become a research focus. Traditional assessment methods struggle to comprehensively reflect teaching outcomes, while smart technologies offer new approaches for precise evaluation. This study aims to construct a smart technology-based assessment model for university PE teaching effectiveness and explore its practical application to promote innovative development in PE teaching. This study adopts a quasi-experimental design, involving 300 PE teachers and 1500 students from five universities in China. The experimental group used a smart assessment system (including wearable devices and AI classroom analysis tools), while the control group used traditional assessment methods. Data were collected in real-time through smart devices, including student movement data, classroom engagement, and teaching behaviors. Surveys and focus group interviews were conducted to gather feedback from teachers and students. Data analysis employed a mixed-methods approach, with quantitative data analyzed using SPSS for multifactorial ANOVA and qualitative data analyzed using NVivo for thematic analysis. The experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in all dimensions of teaching effectiveness (skill acquisition, classroom engagement, and teaching satisfaction \u3c 0.01). The smart assessment system accurately captured student movement data and classroom performance, providing real-time feedback to teachers. Qualitative analysis revealed high acceptance of smart assessment among teachers and students, who believed it enhanced teaching transparency and personalized guidance. This study is the first to systematically apply smart technologies to assess university PE teaching effectiveness, demonstrating its efficacy. Compared to previous research, this study emphasizes the deep integration of technology and teaching, offering a new paradigm for PE assessment. Future research should focus on optimizing the applicability and cost-effectiveness of smart systems. The practical significance lies in providing an actionable smart assessment framework for university PE, contributing to the overall improvement of teaching quality

A155: The Impact of Internet-Based Screen Behavior on Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

Although previous studies have indicated that different types of screen time may be associated with insufficient physical activity in children and adolescents, the impact of various types of internet-based screen time on physical activity has not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the specific impact of different internet-based screen usage on physical activity in children and adolescents through a two-year national cross-sectional survey. This study utilized cross-sectional survey data from the China Family Panel Studies, involving 5,770 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 in 2020 and 2022. Physical activity frequency was assessed using a single question, with fewer than five sessions per week classified as insufficiently active. The survey also collected data on screen time frequency in online gaming, online shopping, online learning, short video, and WeChat usage. Generalized linear logistic regression models were applied, constructing three analytical models: Model 1 without variable control, Model 2 incorporating sociodemographic variables (age, gender, school level, and urban/rural location), and Model 3 further adjusting for sleep duration. The analysis in Model 1 showed that, compared with children and adolescents who did not use online learning, those who used online learning had 19% higher odds of insufficient physical activity (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.05-1.33). After controlling for sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, school grade, and urban/rural location, the negative effect of online learning on physical activity persisted, with the proportion of insufficient physical activity increasing by 15% (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29). Additionally, after controlling for relevant variables, the effect of short video on physical activity began to emerge, with children and adolescents who have watched short videos having an 18% higher risk of insufficient physical activity compared to those who have never watched a short video (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29). Further control for sleep duration in Model 3 showed that the negative effects of online learning and short video on physical activity remained consistent with those in Model 2, with little change. Different types of Internet-based screen behavior have significantly different impacts on physical activity in children and adolescents, with online learning and short videos having a negative effect. The future should fully consider the impact of various types of screen behavior on physical activity in children and adolescents and develop targeted intervention measures