Features Analysis of the Research and Development Industry in Indonesia

R&D is one of the key drivers of technological progress and contributes to increased productivity and profit growth. Indonesian percentage of Gross Domestic Expenditure on R & R&D (GERD) to GDP in 2018 is one of the Global Competitiveness Index indicators, only reaches 0.28% and is dominated by the government sector, while the industrial sector is only 7.34%. One of the reasons for this small value is that the data collection of R&D on the business sector in Indonesia has not been carried out optimally. A classification model is needed to determine the data collection target so that the results are more optimal. The main objective of this study is to classify R&D industries actors in Indonesia using XGBoost and then analyze the features for R&D industries actors using SHAP. XGBoost is one of the black-box models that is difficult to interpret, and SHAP is one of the interpretation methods. The classification results using XGBoost obtained the accuracy, AUC, and F1-Score values of 79.61%, 0.7646, and 84.44%, respectively. Based on the Shapley value of the SHAP method, it was found that the average growth in R&D expenditure had the highest contribution. The feature's contribution to the estimation will be even higher if the mean of R&D expenditure growth is higher (more than 0). The other one is the ratio of researchers to R&D human resources. If the ratio is more than 75%, it will negatively contribute. Finally, exports and State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) feature with the smallest contribution.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.2.4.

An Investigation of How to Retrieve Web-Based Information for Illiterate Users in Iran

Illiteracy can be a significant obstacle to any given country's economic and social development. Hence, exploiting the potential of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can help solve this problem by creating proper solutions for the illiterate and low-literate population. This study provides search and retrieval strategies for Iran's illiterate or low-literate population by designing an appropriate website. The research method in this study is mixed. A total of 65 individuals were selected using the snowball sampling method. First, by designing qualitative research of ethnographic type, we examined the critical information needs of the research sample. After equalizing the process and information needs, a website was created for the research sample and was provided to them. The designed website does not require human assistance to search for information. In addition, the website uses graphic and audio content related to local culture and language. ISO-9241-11 standard was used to evaluate the performance of the website designed in the research. Furthermore, it examines the characteristics of participants, i.e., gender, and previous experience of using computers and mobile phones on the website's usability. Since the present study population was low-illiterate and illiterate, the research time to prepare them to answer the questions was very long. The results revealed considerable effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with the website among the participants. Moreover, the gender variable did not affect how they use the website and their inclination in this respect. Providing the services required by this group of users in any way, including appropriate cyberspace, increasing literacy rates and meeting the information needs of this group at a far lower cost than traditional education, can be taken into account as one of the requirements of governments. The current study is the first experimental research to measure the needs and create suitable tools for using the virtual world on the part of low-literate and illiterate people in Iran.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.4.16.

An Open Domain Factoid QA Framework with Improved Validation Techniques

The generic Question Answering (QA) framework processes questions by querying a knowledge base and extracting answers from retrieved passages using various Natural Language Processing techniques. The problem is validating whether the retrieved passages from the passage retrieval module contain expected answers to asked questions. Besides, extraction based on lexical and syntactic similarities alone is not enough coverage for scoring the correct answers in a QA framework. Therefore, this work aims to infuse validation techniques into the QA framework.  Four similarity scores (Word Form (WF), Word Order (WO), Distance (DIST), and Semantic Similarity ( )) were implemented for Answer Extraction. Instant snippets returned by the Google search engine were used as a corpus to generate candidate answer sets. On a dataset of 1370 factoid questions, the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 77.71%, precision of 77.91%, recall of 91.37%, and F1-measure of 91.37%. The results show that the inclusion of the validation techniques helps reduce the time spent by the system in analyzing passages without possible answers. The proposed system could be adapted for automatic QA Systems and grading factoid computer-based tests.https://dorl.net/dor/ 20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.1.5.

A data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to evaluate the research efficiency of Iranian universities

University rankings are often based on measurable outputs. Research institutes and universities are expected to be evaluated based on their capabilities, inputs, and outputs and it is important to do balanced and comprehensive evaluations. Criticisms towards global ranking systems have led them to reform their methodologies, consider the differences in the mission of universities, normalize data based on subjects, and consider the size and age of universities. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is a complementary tool to increase the ranking transparency. This study aimed to evaluate the research efficiency of Iranian universities ranked in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings by using the DEA method and to discover the relationship between universities' performance, their rank, research scores, and their citation score in the Times Higher Education Ranking System. The research population included 47 universities. Three inputs and 15 outputs were used in different models. The Microsoft Excel and DEAP software were used to extract the data, define the scenarios and analyze the data. The results showed the relatively good performance of the universities. There was no relationship between the universities’ efficiency score and their research score in the Times Ranking System, but a significant positive relationship was observed between the efficiency score and the universities’ rank and the citation score in the Times Ranking System (0.719 and 0.613, respectively). It seems that the DEA method can be used as a complementary tool to evaluate the technical performance and allocate funds to universities and research institutes.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.3.6.3   

Relationship between Webometrics University Rankings and Research Gate Scores, Scopus and Web of Science

Interest in academic ranking systems increased substantially in the last two decades. The majority of existing ranking systems are highly exclusive and cover up to 1500 best-positioned world universities. An exception to these ranking systems is the Webometrics ranking, which ranks more than 31000 universities throughout the world. In this study, we wanted to examine what factors best predict the Webometrics rankings. The sample for this study consisted of 102 European universities, with the Webometrics ranks ranging from 18th position to 6969th position. We examined the effects of the number of Web of Science publications, Scopus publications, and ResearchGate-related data on Webometrics ranking. Data retrieved from the academic social network site ResearchGate predicted 72% of the variance in the Webometrics ranking. The number of Scopus publications was the single best determinant of whether the university will be positioned in the top 1000 ranked universities. These results indicate the potential use of ResearchGate scores in the rankings of universities and serve as a proxy for universities’ excellence. This, in turn, can be useful to government policymakers and university leaders in creating better strategies for enhancing the reputation of universities. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.3.1.8

Identifying and Ranking the Effective Factors in Attracting and Developing Public Participation in Iranian Public Libraries: Library Donors’ Perspective

This study investigated the factors contributing to the attraction and development of public participation in public libraries from the donors' perspective in the library building. In terms of the research objectives, the present study is exploratory research that was carried out using a mixed research method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part of the research, 15 active donors were interviewed using the targeted and snowball sampling technique. The research population in the quantitative part consisted of active donors of public libraries in Iran, and a questionnaire was distributed and collected among 246 of them. Inferential tests, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysis. Besides, spss22 and pls3.8 software were run for data analysis. Given the research findings, cultural, economic, social, and structural factors were identified as effective in attracting public participation. The results obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis showed that among the factors affecting the attraction of public participation in public libraries from the donors’ point of view, cultural factors with an impact factor of 0.868 had the highest impact, followed by economic factors with an impact factor of 0.845, respectively. Furthermore, social factors with an impact factor of 0.824 and structural factors with an impact factor of 0.628 were in the third and fourth priorities, respectively. Given the severe challenges of the financial resources of Iran's public libraries, it is quintessential to identify ways to attract more public and donors’ participation, to provide opportunities for participation in public libraries, and to promote this idea among other people. Utilizing donors' experiences in identifying the factors contributing to the attraction of public participation in public libraries can provide a suitable planning environment for the development of public participation in public libraries.https://dorl.net/dor/ 20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.1.9.

Information Sources of Students of Psychology

Every year, universities spend a large sum of money on databases and library sources to help with education and research. The main aim is to determine the sources of information utilized by the psychology students at Semnan University to address their information needs. This study is applied research and uses grounded theory to reveal the viewpoints of postgraduate psychology students at Semnan University. The statistical population comprised all postgraduate psychology students at the time of the study (2018-2019). Data collection and analysis were conducted until saturation point, and 50 in-depth interviews were carried out. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and MaxQDA was used for data coding. Interviewing was stopped following 40 interviews due to data saturation, although 10 additional interviews were held with the students, which led to no new data. Based on the open coding, 95 codes were identified and extracted from the data, followed by 27 codes in axial coding. Finally, 10 codes were identified and extracted from the data through the selective coding process.  The results showed that the sources of information for psychology students of Semnan University are their professors, databases, research questionnaire databases, resource ordering, accessible electronic sources, the Internet, audio-visional sources, library, search engines, and professional websites. Psychology students of Semnan University used formal/informal and digital/printed sources of information. These cover many types of information. They need more bibliographic instruction on making greater use of library services prepared for them.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.1.18.

Does psychological capital increase emotional-cognitive readiness for scientific collaborations? A case study

This research aims to examine the influence of social capital on the emotional-cognitive readiness of faculty members for scientific collaborations using Structural Equation Modeling, considering the importance of social capital and its dimensions in social interactions. This study is applied research that was conducted in a survey method. The statistical population includes all faculty members (709) of two universities of medical sciences in Iran: Hamadan and Kurdistan universities of medical sciences. The sample size of this study was 250 people who were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires. Spearman correlation and Structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the research hypotheses using SPSS version 25 and PLS 3. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, optimism, resilience, and hope) and cognitive-emotional readiness for scientific collaboration. Also, the results obtained from Structural Equation Modeling indicated the relative compatibility of the experimental model with the conceptual model of the research, which indicates the effect of psychological capital on cognitive-emotional readiness for scientific collaboration. This research can give university administrators insight into increasing scientific collaboration among faculty members. The factors affecting it should be identified and planned to strengthen them.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.2.18.

Co-authorship Networks of Iranian Researchers' Publications on the Field of Management during a Half-Century (1969-2018)

As one of the main bibliometric concepts, co-authorship has been thoughtfully considered in recent years. Despite many bibliometric studies on the co-authorship in different scientific fields and worldwide countries/regions, Iranian researchers' collaboration in the management field has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the co-authorship networks in the management papers contributed by Iranian researchers indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) during the recent half-century (years, 1969-2018). Bibliometric data on 5414 papers were extracted from WoS and analyzed in Excel, UCINET, and VOSviewer to measure bibliometric indicators, the map needed co-authorship networks, and depict time-based maps and keyword clustering. Findings showed that co-authored papers increased from two items in 1973 to 721 items in 2018. Expert Systems with Applications, African Journal of Business Management, and International Journal of Production Research were ranked first to third in co-authored papers. Top 20 authors published about 17% of papers (946). Islamic Azad University, University of Tehran, and the Amirkabir University of Technology ranked first to third. Most co-authorship frequencies were made from 2012 to 2014. The first to third ranks of collaborating countries were the USA, Canada, and England. Six main keyword clusters were formed, including main topics in the field. In conclusion, Iranian researchers increasingly co-authored in management, especially during the last decade, and published in various journals that some top ones are prestigious journals. However, some gaps need to be bridged by the low contribution of research institutes and universities countrywide and the limited number of authors with high productivity and low collaboration with neighbor countries and influential universities worldwide.https://dorl.net/dor/ 20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.1.19.

Design of a Mobile Application for Providing Information to Advanced Level Students in Uganda

Education is the key to success in the existing world. Providing necessary information to students at the right stage of education that determines their future is useful to students, simplifies work, and reduces responsibilities for educators. Unfortunately, the existing ways of providing information to A'Level students in Uganda are unmodernized, and thus, important information is inadequately accessible to the students. Because of this, most students make uninformed decisions and study without focus. A prototype mobile application was designed to enable A'Level students to access necessary information about qualifications requirements, study materials, subjects, schools, etc. A rule-based method was also used to help students choose subjects that match their desired career options. The user interface design process followed a User-Centered Design approach to meet the students' requirements. SPSS software was used for analyzing the data, and results were obtained. The evaluation of the design showed that 95.76% of Advanced Level students who were participants agreed with the designed application prototype. This result indicated that A'Level students are interested in using mobile application technology to access information. This prototype design will ease students' getting information and ease educators' work, thereby saving the time wasted in attending to students physically to deliver all the necessary information.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.2.2.7