Where there were breadcrumbs, therewere no rewards : A study comparing how three design patterns – landmarks, overlooks, and breadcrumbs – guide players to rewards in adventure games

I denna studie undersöks olika designmönster för vägledning till belöningar i ett egenskapatutforskarspel. Syftet är att undersöka hur designmönstrena: utkiksplatser, landmärken ochbrödsmulor vägleder spelare till belöningar, detta för att bistå nivådesigner med en jämförelsepå olika designmönster så att de kan välja rätt mönster för att skapa nivåer som ger deraseftertraktade resultat. I denna kvalitativa studie intervjuas sex deltagare med hjälp avstimulerad återkallselse och EPP-metoden (Empirical Phenomenological Psychology).Resultatet visade att landmärken och utkiksplatser fungerade bra när det gäller utnyttjande avdesignmönster, rumslig medvetenhet och spelupplevelse, medan brödsmulor fungerade dåligtför samtliga områden.This study examines different design patterns for guidance to rewards in an adventure gamemade by us. The aim is to investigate how the design patterns: overlooks, landmarks andbreadcrumbs guide players to rewards, to assist level designers with a comparison of differentdesign patterns so that they can choose the right pattern to create levels that provide theirdesired results. In this qualitative study, six participants are interviewed using the stimulatedrecall and EPP method (Empirical Phenomenological Psychology). The results showed thatlandmarks and overlooks performed well in terms of utilization of design patterns, spatialawareness and enjoyment, while breadcrumbs performed poorly in all areas

Navigating Collaboration : Understanding Civil-Military Interactions in Swedish Total Defence From a Security Network Perspective

This study aims to contribute to our knowledge of civil-military collaboration within the framework of contemporary Swedish total defence planning and organizing. The exploratory study focuses on perspectives on collaboration among civilian and military actors at the local and regional levels of the Swedish total defence network. Empirically, the study draws on official documents, policies, reports and interviews with civilian and military officials in Sweden. The analysis explores assumptions about, and understandings of, roles, relationships, shared goals, responsibilities and governance, pointing to several potential challenges to inter-organizational and inter-group collaboration. The study, showing how understandings and perspectives held by collaborators serve to shape the nature of their relations, identifies a potential need for collaborative actors, civil and military, capable of performing a “double grasp” – that is, of representing their organization while understanding and handling their counterpart’s perspective on (and often lack of knowledge about) their own organization and requirements. The article identifies several avenues for future research into civil-military collaboration in practice, and across country contexts.Work for this chapter has been supported by the Modern Military Profession Project at the Swedish Centre Studies of Armed Forces and Society (CSMS) and the Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology (IMIT) (Swedish Armed Forces Technical Development Grant no. AT.9225361)</p

We, the Expelled : Historical experiences among Polish Jews that came to Sweden 1967-1972

Vi, de fördrivna är en studie av historiska erfarenheter som kommunicerats av de polska judar som kom till Sverige som flyktingar 1967–1972 på grund av den antisemitiska kampanjen i Polen som inleddes 1967. Kampanjen nådde sitt crescendo i och med de regimkritiska demonstrationerna i mars 1968 och ledde till den sista stora polskjudiska emigrationen. Utifrån en hermeneutiskt grundad oral history presenterar avhandlingen en analys av historiska erfarenheter så som dessa kommuniceras i levnadsberättelser och inspelade dialoger, vilka samlats in i samarbete med Nordiska museet och deras digitala plattform Minnen.se; samt publicerade biografier. Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra med en fördjupad och mer nyanserad förståelse av den svenskpolskjudiska historien i relation till två centrala historiska händelser: Förintelsen och den antisemitiska kampanjen. Ur de analyserade erfarenheterna framträder en erfarenhetskronologi med dessa två händelser som organiserande och meningsskapande brytpunkter. Den första och mest betydelsefulla brytpunkten är Förintelsen. Den andra brytpunkten utgörs av den antisemitiska kampanjen, vars följd blev flykten till Sverige. De två brytpunkterna avgränsar en tid före, en tid emellan och en tid efter i erfarenhetskronologin. Analysen av erfarenhetskronologins olika delar utgår från de tongivande narrativ som dominerar i den historiekulturella situation som det historiska berättandet sker i. De svenskpolska judar som står i fokus för avhandlingen kommunicerar historiska erfarenheter inte bara av Förintelsen och den antisemitiska kampanjen, utan också av Sovjetunionen under Stalin, livet i Polen under kalla kriget, strukturell antisemitism och av Sverige under välfärdsstatens glansperiod. Dessa händelser är centrala i historiekulturen. Samtidigt avviker de mot de narrativ som dominerar. I skildringen av Förintelsen berättar de om överlevnad i Sovjetunionen i kontrast till det tongivande narrativ om Förintelsen som etablerats under det som kallats vittnets tidsålder. Om tiden emellan, i Folkrepubliken Polen, förmedlar de en mer mångfasetterad bild av tillvaron än de tongivande narrativen, förekomsten av strukturell antisemitism spelar en betydande roll. I den avslutande delen om livet i Sverige följer de historiska erfarenheterna däremot det tongivande narrativet om välfärdsstaten. Genom att synliggöra denna grupps förhållningssätt till det förflutna bidrar studien med ett svenskpolskjudiskt perspektiv på några av den europeiska modernitetens mest centrala historiska erfarenheter. We, the Expelled is a study of historical experiences communicated by the Polish Jews who came to Sweden as refugees in 1967–1972 due to the antisemitic campaign in Poland that began in 1967. The campaign reached its crescendo with the regime critical demonstrations in March 1968 and led to the last major Polish Jewish emigration. Grounded on a hermeneutically based oral history, the dissertation presents an analysis of historical experiences communicated in published biographies as well as in life stories and recorded dialogues, which have been collected in collaboration with the Nordic Museum and their digital collection platform Minnen.se. The dissertation aims to contribute with a deeper and more nuanced understanding of Swedish Polish Jewish history in relation to two central historical events: the Holocaust and the antisemitic campaign. From the analyzed experiences, a chronology of experiences emerges with these two events as organizing and meaning making breaking points. The first and most significant breaking point is the Holocaust. The second is the antisemitic campaign, which resulted in the flight to Sweden. The two breaking points demarcate a time before, a time in between and a time after in the chronology of experience. The analysis of the chronology of experience is based on the narratives that dominate the historical cultural situation in which the historical narration takes place. The Swedish Polish Jews who are the focus of the dissertation communicate historical experiences not only of the Holocaust and the antisemitic campaign, but also of the Soviet Union under Stalin, life in Poland during the Cold War, structural antisemitism and of Sweden during the heyday of the welfare state. These events are central in the historical culture. At the same time, their experiences deviate from the dominant narratives. In their depiction of the Holocaust, they tell of survival in the Soviet Union in contrast to the dominant narrative about the Holocaust that was established during what has been called the Era of the Witness. During the time in between, in the Polish People’s Republic, they communicate a more multifaceted picture than the dominant narratives, the presence of structural antisemitism plays a significant role. In the concluding part about life in Sweden, however, the historical experiences follow the dominant narrative of the welfare state. By displaying this group’s narration of the past, the study contributes with a Swedish-Polish-Jewish perspective on some of the most central historical experiences of European modernity

Written Sources on Medieval Fighting Practices

This chapter presents a short introduction to different types of written sources referring to the fighting practices of the medieval period: Geoffroi de Charny’s and Hans Talhoffer’s discussions of laws and conventions relating to fighting, accounts of judicial duels between a man and a woman and two men-at-arms, and descriptions of fighting technique in the manuals or “fight books” of Hans Talhoffer and Paulus Kal. The examples offered, all concerned with conventionally recognised forms of combat, are discussed in terms of what they may reveal of the actual practices or the technical knowledge governing such practice, and of the significance of the fighting activities they describe to the people writing about them

Osynliga kortmekaniker : En kvalitativ studie om implicita spelmekaniker i kortspel

Användningen av implicita spelmekaniker, mekaniker representerade av ett nyckelord eller en symbol utan ytterligare förklaring, är en vanlig förekomst i kortspel som Magic: The Gathering och Hearthstone. Forskning kring hur spelare upplever och lär sig implicita spelmekaniker är bristande. Motiverad av den bristande forskningen, en kvalitativ studie kring implicita spelmekaniker i kortspel utfördes. Deltagarna fick spela ett digitalt kortspel skapat i syftet att användas i studien. Studien fann att spelare tidigt i spelet kände sig överväldigade av de implicita spelmekanikerna och behövde experimentera sig fram för att lära sig dem. Studien fann även att spelare föredrar att spelet inte förklarar alla sina spelmekaniker och istället låter spelarna lista ut dem själva.The use of implicit game mechanics, mechanics represented by a keyword or a symbol with no further explanation, is common in card games like Magic: The Gathering and Hearthstone. Research on the topic of how players experience and learn implicit game mechanics are limited. Motivated by the lack of research, a qualitative study on implicit game mechanics in card games was conducted. The participants played a digital card game created for this purpose. The study found that players feel overstimulated early on in the  game session because of the implicit game mechanics and had to learn them through trial and error. The study also found that the players preferred that the game did not explain all of its mechanics and instead let the player discover by themselves.    

Att navigera i digitaliseringens våg : En fenomenografisk studie om hur e-handel påverkar marknadsstrategier och kundrelationer inom apoteksbranschen - ur ett företagsperspektiv

Background: The digital era has changed the game of market strategies and a change of consumer behavior in the pharmacies. This study investigates how Swedish pharmacies tailor their market strategies to survive in changing tides in the e-commerce dynamic environment of doing business. Purpose: This essay aims to investigate how digitization and e-commerce affect marketing and customer relations within the pharmacy industry from a business perspective. By analyzing the experiences of managers in pharmacies, the study highlights how these factors reshape customer interactions and thus in turn also influence purchase decisions. Method: This study used a method that’s known as qualitative data with a phenomographic approach. The qualitative data of the study was obtained using semi-structured interviews with key people responsible for the marketing strategy. Result: This showed that there was clear proof that pharmacy stores are registering much higher sales online, showing the paradigm shift in e-commerce. Key strategies identified were relation marketing strategies which include omnichannel marketing. Understanding how consumer journeys have become more digital is vital for everybody associated with pharmacies both consumers and businesses. Conclusion: Adaption to the digital era is a key factor for success in the pharmacy sector, in combination with innovative market strategies that will include the use of various relation market strategies. Pharmacies that can integrate those, whether online or in physical places, are likely to retain competitiveness as the market evolves. That in order to survive in the market.

Headhunting as Ritualised Violence in Prehistory and the Recent Past

Why does headhunting as a cultural phenomenon occur so often in both the ethnographic and archaeological records? There was certainly no direct transmission of this peculiar cultural trait between societies divided by thousands of years and separated across several continents. Yet, intriguing parallels exist between very diverse groups; between societies as remote from each other as the nineteenth and early twentieth century Nagas of northern India, and the Iron Age populations of southern France. In this paper, I consider some themes relating to headhunting that emerge from a study of ethnographic records in relation to beliefs and ideas about the body, and examine the role of headhunting in promoting, exacerbating and conceptualising inter-societal violence

From Data to Decision: Implementation and Use of Business Intelligence in Swedish Organizations : A qualitative study on how BI is integrated to strengthen strategic decisions

Förmågan att fatta välgrundade beslut är en avgörande aspekt för organisatorisk utveckling. Business Intelligence (BI) har blivit ett viktigt verktyg för att förbättra dessa beslutsprocesser. Genom att samla in och analysera data kan BI hjälpa organisationer att identifiera mönster och skapa strukturer som stärker deras konkurrenskraft och långsiktiga överlevnad. För att BI ska skapa verkligt värde krävs det inte enbart tekniska investeringar utan också i organisationens förmåga att anpassa sina arbetsprocesser och utveckla en kultur som stödjer datadrivet beslutsfattande. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur svenska organisationer integrerar BI i sina arbetsprocesser för att stärka strategiska beslut och förbättra verksamhetens effektivitet. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där djupintervjuer har genomförts med sex respondenter med omfattande erfarenhet av BI. Respondenterna har delat insikter om hur BI används i praktiken och hur det påverkar både operativa och strategiska beslut inom deras organisationer. Resultaten visar att en framgångsrik integration av BI bygger på att organisationer inte enbart inför tekniska lösningar utan också anpassar sina arbetssätt. Datakvalitet framstår som en avgörande faktor, utan tillförlitlig och relevant data riskerar BI att förlora sin effekt och trovärdighet. Genom att göra tekniken begriplig och tillgänglig för medarbetarna kan deras förtroende för BI stärkas, vilket gör det lättare för dem att se dess värde. Ledarskapet spelar en direkt roll i att driva denna utveckling, inte bara genom att stötta tekniska initiativ utan också genom att leda de förändringsprocesser som krävs för att bygga och etablera en datadriven kultur. När detta samspel mellan teknik och människa fungerar sömlöst kan BI leverera långsiktigt värde och bidra till att förverkliga organisationens strategiska mål. Studien visar att en lyckad integration av BI gör det möjligt för organisationer att fatta snabbare och mer informerade beslut. Genom att samordna BI med organisationens unika behov kan företag skapa hållbart värde och förbättra sina processer. Detta gör dem bättre rustade att möta kraven från en komplex och ständigt förändrande affärsmiljö.The ability to make well informed decisions is a crucial aspect of organizational development. Business Intelligence (BI) has become an essential tool for improving these decision-making processes. By collecting and analyzing data, BI can help organizations identify patterns and create structures that strengthen their competitiveness and long-term sustainability. For BI to generate real value, it requires not only technical investments but also the organization’s ability to adapt its workflows and foster a culture that supports data-driven decision-making. This study aims to investigate how Swedish organizations integrate BI into their workflows to enhance strategic decision-making and improve operational efficiency. The study employs a qualitative method where in-depth interviews were conducted with six respondents with extensive experience in BI. The respondents shared insights into how BI is used in practice and how it influences both operational and strategic decisions within their organizations.  The results indicate that a successful integration of BI relies not only on the implementation of technical solutions but also on adapting organizational workflows. Data quality emerges as a critical factor, as unreliable or irrelevant data risks undermining BI effectiveness and credibility. By making the technology understandable and accessible to employees, trust in BI can be strengthened, making it easier for them to recognize its value. Leadership plays a direct role in driving this development, not only by supporting technical initiatives but also by leading the change processes required to build and establish a data-driven culture. When this interplay between technology and people functions seamlessly, BI can deliver long-term value and contribute to achieving the organization’s strategic goals.  The study highlights that a successful integration of BI enables organizations to make faster and more informed decisions. By aligning BI with the unique needs of the organization, companies can create sustainable value and improve their processes. This makes them better equipped to meet the demands of a complex and constantly evolving business environment

Geopolitikens irrvägar : Kjelléns eftermäle i världen

The stray ways of geopolitics. Rudolf Kjellén’s posthumous world-wide reputation.The text is an overview and analysis of how Kjellén’s concept of geopolitics has beeninterpreted and valued. After his death in 1922, Kjellén’s repute grew in Germanythrough the translations of his The State as a form of life and the last version ofThe Great Powers with Karl Haushofer’s revisions using Kjellén’s name. With theNazi take-over Kjellén’s legacy waned but was kept alive by geographers in Estonia,Denmark and Switzerland.After World War II, two scholars, Grabowsky and Kristof, both in 1960, publishedreviews of Kjellén’s work, explaining his world view and freeing him from allegationsof being a proto-Nazi. In Scandinavia and Finland his ideas were only occasionallymentioned.With the resurgence of geopolitics, Kjellén has been cited and evaluated indiverse ways. In Russia, Central Europe and Latin America Kjellén has for better orfor worse been mentioned as giving the state a wider role beyond its constitution,including that of performing geopolitics. In the English-speaking world Kjellén has,with some remarkable exceptions, only been given a short reference as the creatorof the concept of geopolitics, often misinterpreted as something fundamentallyaggressive, territorial states fighting for power