Popolo e classi dirigenti nella guerra moderna. Nota critica su "Penser la guerre. Clausewitz" di Raymond Aron

Nota critica sul volume di Raymond Aron "Penser la guerre

U-Li Isotopes highlight the dominant role of glacier coverage in weathering processes across Northeast Tibetan Plateau glacial watersheds

This study investigates uranium (U) and lithium (Li) isotope fractionation in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from glacial basins in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, aiming to explore the coupling between physical and chemical weathering processes under glacial influence. The (234U/238U) activity ratio is correlated with parameters related to glacial activity, such as the elevation of the basin and glacier area. Samples from glacial watersheds are enriched in 234U (mean 1.28 ± 0.11), indicating the efficient comminution of rocks. Conversely, non-glacial areas show lower (234U/238U) ratios due to weakened physical weathering (mean 1.09 ± 0.04). The Li isotopes are sensitive to chemical weathering, providing complimentary information to U isotopes. In glacial watersheds, the variation of δ7LiSP is minimal and compatible with the signature of unaltered bedrock (mean 1.58 ± 0.87 ‰). Samples from lower basins show a stronger fractionation (mean − 2.61 ± 1.26 ‰), pointing to a stronger chemical weathering. As for U, Li fractionation is also related to topographic variables influencing the degree of glacial activity. Where glaciers are active, physical weathering fractionates U isotopes but no Li isotopes. Where glaciers are not present, physical weathering is less important, while chemical alteration is more relevant, leading to a low fractionation of U isotopes and a strong fractionation of Li isotopes. The combined use of U and Li isotopes offers an effective tool for tracing weathering regimes shaped by geomorphic and climatic factors, highlighting the role of glaciers in silicate weathering and landscape evolution, and demonstrating the proxies' potential for reconstructing recent glacial weathering

Trade-off between utility and fairness in two-agent single-machine scheduling

We consider the problem arising when two agents, each owning a set of jobs, compete to schedule their jobs on a common processing resource. Each schedule implies a certain utility for each agent and an overall system utility. We are interested in solutions that incorporate some criterion of fairness for the agents and, at the same time, are satisfactory from the viewpoint of system utility. More precisely, we investigate the trade-off between fairness and system utility when both agents want to minimize the total completion time of their respective jobs. We analyze the structure of the set of such trade-off solutions, and propose an exact algorithm for their computation, based on the Lagrangian relaxation of a MILP formulation of the problem. A large set of computational experiments has been carried out to show the viability of the approach. Moreover, the results show that in most cases a solution having a high degree of fairness can be obtained by sacrificing a very limited amount of system utility

La fabrique de la néo-scolastique. Le rôle de l'Université pontificale du Latran et la normalisation de la pensée théologique avant le Concile Vatican II

This study, grounded in extensive archival research at the Historical Archive of the Pontifical Lateran University and the Vatican Archives concerning the pontificate of Pius XII, explores the University’s central role in shaping pre-conciliar theological discourse. As a preeminent institution of the "Roman School," the Lateran emerged as a stronghold against what were perceived as doctrinal deviations, particularly those associated with the French nouvelle théologie of the 1930s. This theological movement, which sought to engage more deeply with contemporary thought and scriptural sources, was met with suspicion by the Holy Office. Leading figures such as Fr. Mariano Cordovani and Msgr. Pietro Parente criticized its alleged relativistic tendencies, while the magisterium, most notably through Pius XII’s encyclical Humani generis, reaffirmed the hegemony of neo-Thomism. Under the rectorship of Msgr. Antonio Piolanti, the Lateran played a crucial role in systematizing theological education and publications, aligning closely with the Roman Theological Academy to promote Thomistic philosophy while actively suppressing dissenting perspectives. In doing so, it exerted a profound influence on the pre-conciliar theological landscape, contributing to the intellectual consolidation of a conservative theological paradigm that would shape the discourse leading up to the Second Vatican Council