Studi dei Custodi consapevoli della legalità, vol. 3

In questo terzo volume della collana editoriale Custodi Consapevoli della Legalità si pubblicano alcuni contributi, in totale cinque, sintesi o estratti di tesi di laurea magistrale o di master universitario che hanno trattato temi sulla legalità in due diverse aree del progetto presentato nella premessa, che rimandano rispettivamente al patrimonio sociale e culturale. Si è tentato di valorizzare il talento di brillanti laureate e laureati che hanno meritato la pubblicazione del loro lavoro, evidenziando così l’importanza di rendere consapevoli le persone, a partire da loro stesse/i, dell’importanza di custodire e tutelare i patrimoni comuni attraverso lo strumento della legalità

Blacknology. Black Literature, Culture, and Technology

Blacknology explores the complex ties between black literature, culture, technology, and identity over the past forty years. This period has been marked by rapid technological change – drum machines, mobile phones, the Internet, and AI – and we connect this technology with theories on race and progress from the last two centuries. The book examines case studies from British and American contexts, considering how cultural figures such as Sun Ra, Alvin Toffler, Octavia E. Butler, Gil Scott-Heron, Benjamin Zephaniah, the “Belleville Three”, Nnedi Okorafor, David Blandy, and Larry Achiampong engage with these themes across media in different ways

Prenatal Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide or Valproate Leads to Abnormal Accumulation of the NMDA Receptor Agonist D-Aspartate in the Adolescent Rat Brain

: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric condition linked to glutamatergic neurotransmission disruption. Although endogenous D-serine and D-aspartate modulate glutamatergic N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity, their involvement in ASD remains elusive. We measured the levels of D-aspartate, D-serine, and other key neuroactive amino acids, and their direct precursors in brain regions, plasma, and feces of environmental ASD rat models prenatally exposed to lipopolysaccharide or valproate, both during adolescence and early adulthood, as well as in a genetic ASD model, the Fmr1-Δexon8 rat. No significant changes were found in plasma and feces. Conversely, we observed a prominent accumulation of D-aspartate in several brain regions of lipopolysaccharide- and valproate-exposed rats, selectively during adolescence, while D-serine level variations were more limited. No significant amino acid changes were observed in the Fmr1-Δexon8 rat brain. We also assayed the activity of the main enzymes involved in cerebral D-serine and D-aspartate metabolism, suggesting that their regulation extends beyond their metabolic enzymes. These findings highlight that prenatal environmental stressors disrupt D-amino acid levels selectively in ASD rat brains, emphasizing the role of early NMDAR dysfunction in ASD-related phenotypes

Measurement of photonuclear jet production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(SNN)=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector

In ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the LHC, each nucleus acts a sources of high-energy real photons that can scatter off the opposing nucleus in ultraperipheral photonuclear ((Formula presented)) collisions. Hard scattering processes initiated by the photons in such collisions provide a novel method for probing nuclear parton distributions in a kinematic region not easily accessible to other measurements. ATLAS has measured production of dijet and multijet final states in ultraperipheral (Formula presented) collisions at (Formula presented) using a dataset recorded in 2018 with an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented). Photonuclear final states are selected by requiring a rapidity gap in the photon direction; this selects events where one of the outgoing nuclei remains intact. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-(Formula presented) algorithm with radius parameter, (Formula presented). Triple-differential cross sections, unfolded for detector response, are measured and presented using two sets of kinematic variables. The first set consists of the total transverse momentum ((Formula presented)), rapidity, and mass of the jet system. The second set uses (Formula presented) and particle-level nuclear and photon parton momentum fractions, (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), respectively. The results are compared with leading-order perturbative QCD calculations of photonuclear jet production cross sections, where all leading order predictions using existing fits fall below the data in the shadowing region. More detailed theoretical comparisons will allow these results to strongly constrain nuclear parton distributions, and these data provide results from the LHC directly comparable to early physics results at the planned Electron-Ion Collider

Letteratura per l’infanzia e editoria scolastica nel fondo librario dell’Ufficio della proprietà letteraria artistica e scientifica (1926-1945)

Il presente lavoro ha come obiettivo quello di indagare gli sviluppi dell’educazione e della letteratura per l’infanzia durante il ventennio fascista, attraverso l’analisi del fondo archivistico dell’Ufficio della proprietà letteraria artistica e scientifica, oggi conservato presso l’Archivio Centrale dello Stato. Formato dalla sedimentazione delle opere pervenute all’Ufficio a seguito del Regio decreto del 7 novembre 1925 n. 1950, il quale, riformando il diritto d’autore, assegnava a questo ente il compito di registrare i lavori per i quali veniva richiesta la tutela e di depositare un esemplare di questi presso i suoi locali, il fondo archivistico conserva al suo interno un grande numero di materiale a stampa relativo ai più vari settori della cultura italiana dal 1926 ̶ anno effettivo dell’inizio delle sue attività ̶ al 1945, comprendendo anche due sezioni denominate Letteratura per l’infanzia e la gioventù e Testi scolastici, oggetto di questo studio. Dopo la ricostruzione dei vari passaggi relativi alla storia del diritto d’autore in Italia che, partendo dall’età preunitaria, arriva al provvedimento del 1925 e alla successiva legge del 22 aprile 1941 n. 633, la ricerca offre un quadro degli interventi archivistici precedentemente svolti sul fondo e di quelli portati avanti nel corso del periodo di dottorato. Sotto il piano storico-educativo il lavoro, prendendo in esame le due sezioni precedentemente nominate, si è basato sull’analisi degli aspetti legati alla propaganda del regime, esaminando attraverso i testi presenti nel fondo, coadiuvati dallo studio di altre fonti, il coinvolgimento dell’infanzia nel periodo autarchico e della lotta contro le sanzioni. Di grande rilevanza è stata poi la ricostruzione del racconto storico a fini educativi, la cui analisi si è incentrata su alcune grandi figure della storia nazionale. A conclusione lavoro, in una prospettiva di ricerca futura, si è voluto brevemente esaminare il settore dei testi per le vacanze, molto numerosi nella sezione Testi scolastici

From the Asymptotic Giant Branch to the Planetary Nebula phase. A study of the mass-loss and dust production processes

The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase, undergone by low- and intermediate-mass stars (LIMS), plays a crucial role in galactic dust production, though mechanisms that remain poorly understood. The post-AGB and planetary nebulae (PNe) phases provide valuable insights into LIMS evolution, as their spectra contain chemical signatures that trace nucleosynthesis and dust production, without the blending effects found in AGB spectra. To enhance our understanding of LIMS, we selected a sample of 44 post-AGB stars and 9 PNe from the Magellanic Clouds and the Milky Way. These objects were characterized through SED analysis by collecting and analyzing relevant observational data, including chemical abundances, photometry, and spectra, spanning from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths. Our analysis enabled us to determine the amount of dust and gas surrounding each central star and estimate the progenitor mass for all sources. This was achieved by specifically extending the ATON stellar evolutionary tracks to the PN phase for this study. Furthermore, by linking these properties to the previous AGB phase, we were able to test existing theoretical evolutionary models for LIMS and recommend revisions where necessary. Specifically we suggest that the mass-loss rate at the tip of the AGB phase for metal-poor low-mass carbon stars must be $3-4\times 10^{-5}~{\rm M}_{\odot}/$yr, which is 3--4 times higher than the typical values reported in the literature. Furthermore, contrary to previous findings, we propose that the dust observed around post-AGB stars was released when the central star's effective temperature increased to approximately 3500--4000\,K. Additionally, we observed a positive correlation between the progenitor's mass and the amount of dust in the post-AGB phase, and a similar trend for PNe, although modulated by the central star's effective temperature, which may influence dust destruction. In contrast, the gas content in PNe was found to be inversely proportional to the progenitor’s mass. Additionally, we found that low-metallicity environments result in higher dust production in carbon-rich stars and lower amounts in oxygen-rich stars. Massive carbon stars ($1.5\rm{M}_{\odot} \lesssim \rm{M} \lesssim 2.5 \rm{M}_{\odot}$) were found to have dust layers closer to the central star compared to lower-mass carbon stars. Future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope and Gaia astrometric data will expand our sample and provide more precise insights into the dust contributions from these sources

Moniti “rafforzati”, attenuazione delle “rime obbligate”, modulazione degli effetti temporali dell’incostituzionalità. Uno sguardo sulla recente giurisprudenza costituzionale

L'Autore offre un'analisi sull'evoluzione delle tecniche decisorie della Corte costituzionale, con particolare riguardo all'esercizio della funzione monitori