Bridging tradition and modernity: brick architecture and critical regionalism in contemporary village residence in Bangladesh

Traditional brick has been the most preferred construction material in the Bengal region since the 300 BC. During the renaissance of modern architecture in Bangladesh, which began in the early 1950s, brick architecture was revived through large-scale national projects as well as smaller private projects. This trend has continued and evolved into various experimental approaches that integrate brick with other contemporary materials. This paper aims to illustrate the application of brick as a sustainable and contextual material and its use in different architectural elements to achieve climate-responsive architecture in a single-family residence. Moreover, it explores how contemporary brick architecture can blend seamlessly into the rural context of Bangladesh without disrupting the existing rich rural fabric and lifestyle. Adopting a qualitative approach, the paper presents a brief literature review on the chronological development of critical regionalism through brick architecture. Additionally, architectural drawings of the case study residence are analyzed to demonstrate the application of critical regionalism in contemporary architecture in rural Bangladesh. The findings show that incorporating conventional materials that can be locally sourced provides flexibility in terms of available expertise while enabling architecture to blend into the existing socio-cultural context. This approach supports the advancement of the architecture industry in contemporary times. As architecture is a dynamic field, further application of conventional materials in modern contexts will allow experts to balance consumption and regeneration, ultimately achieving truly sustainable architecture

Employing artificial intelligence in teaching arabic to non-native speakers, an analytical study on undergraduate students at Sultan Idris University in Malaysia - Duolingo application as a model

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most significant modern developments that has swept across the world. Many experts and stakeholders have attempted to integrate AI into their respective fields, such as engineering, medicine, arts, and various other domains. AI has also been utilized in the field of teaching English and other Latin-based languages. However, what is the role of AI in the learning and teaching of the Arabic language? Have educators succeeded in using AI to teach Arabic to non-native speakers? What challenges do teachers and learners face when employing AI in the teaching of Arabic to non-native speakers? To answer these questions, this research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intelligent learning applications in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The study selected the Duolingo application as a model, with a sample of seventy undergraduate students from the Arabic Language Department at Sultan Idris Education University in Malaysia. The research employed both descriptive and analytical methods, where the researchers distributed a questionnaire to the students, gathered their responses, analyzed them, and derived the results of the study. The research is divided into an introduction and two main sections as follows: The first section: Theoretical framework, which includes a definition of AI, an overview of the Duolingo application, and its advantages and disadvantages. The second section: Practical framework, which examines the effectiveness of this application in the process of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, the challenges students face while using the application, and appropriate solutions to these challenges. The study yielded several key findings, including that one of the main challenges students face when using the Duolingo application is the difficulty of remembering vocabulary. Therefore, Arabic language teachers need to develop suitable methods to help students memorize and recall vocabulary with ease. Additionally, the study found that intelligent applications are effective in helping students develop their language skills by enabling them to acquire new vocabulary and structures, as well as learn how to pronounce words correctly

Similarities between Muslims and Infils in punishment comparative analysis study

Islam emphasizes justice in implementing and carrying out a punishment. Every criminal who commits a crime should be given a punishment that is appropriate according to the rules and guidelines set by the shara'. Punishment in Islam is not intended to take revenge and oppress the offender, but punishment is for the good of the criminal himself and at the same time to protect the interests of society. In the implementation of punishment, the principle of equality is the main basis without distinguishing between every individual Muslim and non-Muslim. However, the principle of equality in punishment must be appropriate and not oppress the criminal. Therefore, the researcher wants to study whether there are similarities and differences of opinion among scholars regarding punishment between Muslims and infidels in the punishment of hudud, qisas and takzir. This study is a qualitative study, namely by studying books that discuss the punishment imposed on Muslims and infidels. As a result of this study, the researcher found that not all punishments imposed on infidels are similar to Muslims. However, there is also an opinion that says that infidels receive the same punishment as Muslims. In addition, there are also punishments that are only specific to Muslims such as hudud punishment, while infidels are exempt from hudud punishment and judges can choose to reject the case to the civil court or implement hudud punishment also to infidels who commit offenses under hudud punishment. Takzir punishment also has many similarities because this punishment is based on judges and the federal constitution. People who believe in Allah swt must accept the orders set by Allah which are written in the Quran and hadith. A constitution that does not threaten and challenge the integrity of the Islamic religion and the sanctity of Allah's law and does not deviate from the Islamic faith and is also considered good by Muslims should be accepted and lived as a valid constitution in terms of shara' law. Muslims and non-Muslims living in Islamic countries must comply with what Islam has outlined so that society can live in peace and tranquility. In addition, society can also live their lives without fear and phobia if society can follow and respect everything that Islam has taught

Agents of empire: British engagement in the collection of Malay manuscripts in the 18th and 19th centuries

British engagement with Malay manuscripts during the 18th and 19th centuries shaped both the preservation of indigenous literary heritage and the colonial project of knowledge production in the Malay Peninsula. This study employs a historical-qualitative approach to examine how colonial agents—such as Stamford Raffles, William Marsden, and John Leyden—strategically engaged with Malay texts through collection, translation, and cataloguing practices. These engagements were informed by intersecting motives of scholarly inquiry, administrative governance, and imperial ideology. While their efforts contributed to the survival of significant Malay literary works, they also displaced these texts from their original socio-cultural contexts and reframed them within Eurocentric interpretive frameworks. Drawing on Edward Said’s concept of “travelling theory,” the analysis explores how colonial translation practices altered the meanings and functions of indigenous knowledge. The study also highlights indigenous resistance and parallel preservation practices that challenged colonial authority. Ultimately, the article calls for a critical re-evaluation of colonial legacies and advocates for the decolonisation and revitalisation of Malay manuscript traditions within their native intellectual ecosystem

Amlodipine-induced generalised exfoliative dermatitis: not to be missed!

Amlodipine a calcium channel blocker (CCB), is commonly used in treating hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. It is considered a first-line treatment for high blood pressure. Amlodipine acts by selectively inhibiting voltage-gated L-type calcium ion channels, which consequently decreases systemic vascular resistance, total vascular resistance, and muscle contractility. We report a case of amlodipine-induced exfoliative dermatitis, highlighting the importance of recognizing this rare but serious cutaneous reaction to amlodipine, a commonly used drug in primary care. Prompt discontinuation of the offending drug and appropriate management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for drug-induced exfoliative dermatitis in patients presenting with generalized erythema and scaling after initiating new medication

Red seaweeds as resource of bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential: a review on anticancer agents

The use of natural compounds derived from macroalgae constitute an alternating strategy in the creation of anticancer medications. Seaweed refers to macroalgae. Red seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, carotenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids, phycobiliproteins, polyphenols, polysaccharides (carrageenan, porphyran), and lipids. Some of these bioactive compounds have demonstrated a unique chemical framework. The bioactive compounds have been investigated as an anticancer potential in vitro studies. Among these compounds content, polyphenols are the most promising as an anticancer, due to their abundance in the red seaweeds. This review provides bioactive compounds from red seaweeds and their natural sources. The review involves papers published from 2010 to 2025. The study might be used as a reference in development of red seaweed extracts in the future which include preclinical and clinical investigations, standardizations and formulations, molecular mechanisms as anticancer and toxicity studie

Social media use among secondary school students in Malaysia: age and gender trends and multi-platform engagement

The increasing integration of social media into the daily lives of adolescents presents both opportunities and challenges for educators, parents, and policymakers. The objective of this study is to investigate the patterns of social media account ownership and platform usage among secondary school students, with particular focus on age-related trends, gender differences, and the emergence of multi-platform engagement in Malaysia. This quantitative study surveyed 373 secondary school students, collecting data on the number of social media accounts they owned, the specific platforms they used, and their patterns of engagement. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine variations by gender and age group. The findings reveal an apparent gender disparity, with female students demonstrating higher rates of multi-account ownership and greater engagement on platforms such as TikTok and Instagram. A strong positive relation was observed between age and the number of accounts owned, with older students (aged 17) exhibiting the highest levels of multi-platform usage. TikTok and WhatsApp emerged as the dominant platforms across all ages. The study concludes that students are not passive consumers but active and strategic users of social media, constructing personalised digital ecosystems to serve their various needs. These patterns underscore the importance of developing age-appropriate and gender-sensitive digital literacy programs that address both the opportunities and risks of multi-platform engagement. The impact of this study lies in its potential to inform educators, parents, and policymakers about the evolving digital behaviours of students and to guide the development of targeted educational strategies that promote safe, responsible, and critical engagement with social media platform

Optimisation of Surface Roughness in 3D Printing Using the Bees Algorithm

Additive manufacturing (AM) is renowned for its capability to produce parts that are low-cost and have less manufacturing time. One of the main challenges in this additive manufacturing technology is selecting proper input process parameters to achieve good quality of the 3D printed model. The focus of this study is to determine the optimum input parameter of the 3D printer using the Bees Algorithm (BA). This study uses the Bees Algorithm to predict the best combination parameters to optimise the surface roughness of parts printed by a fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine. The predicted results are compared with the experimental 3D model sample and previous findings of other optimisation methods. Comparative analysis between predicted and actual surface roughness measurements showed good agreement with differences of less than 2%, indicating a significant prediction method. The result also shows that the Bees Algorithm found a better combination of parameters compared to other algorithms. This research provides another alternative optimisation approach for industries that utilise 3D printing

Prophethood

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and relevance of the concept of prophet hood which represents the communication of divine will, moral and ethical guidance, social and spiritual reform, and the exemplification of righteous living. . It emphasizes the completeness and universality of his message, the importance of his life as a model for all aspects of living, and the enduring nature of his teachings. The concept of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the final Prophet is central to Islamic theology and has profound implications for the faith and practice of Muslims. Prophet Muhammad's specialty as the final prophet lies in his role as the bearer of the complete message of Islam, providing a comprehensive and enduring framework for moral and spiritual guidance. His legacy continues to inspire millions, reflecting his profound contributions to both religious thought and the betterment of human society. Through his teachings and example, Muhammad has left an indelible mark on history, demonstrating the transformative power of faith and the enduring relevance of his message for all of humanity to ensure they will be in the right way of reaching the final destiny of Al-Akhirah

عادات أولي العزم من الرسل في حياتهم الاجتماعي ة من خلال القرآن والسنة The practices of the Prophets of ulu al azm in their social life through the Qur'an and Sunnah

The Messengers of Ūlū al ‘Azm were distinguished Prophets who held high positions and exerted significant influence in their societies. they shared similar Practices and approaches in addressing challenges in their social lives. Their determination and patience in improving the community is seen in the Qur'an and Sunnah. So this research seeks to uncover the habits of Ūlū al Āzm in their social life and reveal the meanings contained therein based on the verses of the Qur'an and Hadith. This research uses the descriptive method of analysis to look at the habits in social life experienced by the Ūlū al Āzmi prophets. Among the conclusions of this study is that the Apostle Ūlū al Āzm both have noble morals, because the Apostle Ūlū al Āzm applies social values that are guided by Allah Ta'ala, as for the differences in times and social conditions experienced by the Apostle Ūlū al Āzm are different but if there are causes and characteristics that are repeated they will use the same approach in improving and restoring social values in their society, because all social values and the ultimate criteria for good and bad social behavior are rooted in divine revelation