On the Cognition and change of Social Role of Contemporary Chinese Political Scholars

李艳霞，厦门大学公共事务学院政治学系教授、博士生导师，政治学博士。【中文摘要】当代中国知识分子脱胎于传统的“士大夫”阶层。在近代以来的民族国家建设过程中，知识分子的社会角色经历了多次转型，知识分子自身对其角色的认知也发生了数次变迁。在新的时代背景下，中国知识分子的社会角色必然呈现出新的时代特征。在社会变迁、国家建构、知识生产为主线的分析框架下考察当代中国政治学者社会角色认知的变迁，统计分析结果显示：当 代中国政治学者真理探究者的身份日益增强，知识生产者数量逐渐增多，而知识生产观察者的数量不断减少，年轻学者知识生产者的角色认同度较高，以学术为志业的研究场域逐渐形成;技术专家与价值倡导者角色在时间维度呈现增长势头，但年轻学者对此角色的认同度不高；国家治理现代化是不同类型政治学者共同关切的理论命题。作为社会的重要群体，知识分子的社会角色与身份认同是社会变迁逻辑、国家建构逻辑、知识生产逻辑合力作用的结果。 【Abstract】 Contemporary Chinese intellectuals have emerged from the traditional class of " scholar - officials" . The social role of intellectuals and their cognition of their role have undergone continuous transformation in the process of modern state building. Against the background of the new era，the social role of Chinese intellectuals exhibits new characteristics.Based on the research findings of Chinese political scholars from 1995 to 2017，this paper examines the change of the social role of contemporary Chinese political scholars from the perspectives of time and generations. The result shows that the identity of truth inquirers among contemporary Chinese political scholars is strengthening，and the number of knowledge producers is increasing，while the number of knowledge production observers is decreasing. The young generation of scholars has a strong inclination to identify with the role of knowledge producers，and a field of research teeming with academic aspirations is taking shape. The roles of technical experts and value advocates show an upward tendency on the time dimension ； however，the young generation of scholars does not feel inclined to identify with these roles. The modernization of state governance is a topic of interest to all categories of political scholars. As an important social group，intellectuals' cognition of their social role is the result of the combined effect of the logics of social change，national construction and knowledge production.国家社会科学基金项目“当代中国知识分子政治认同的理论与实证研究”（17BZZ001

A Study of the Acceptance of Taoist Classics in Ancient Japanese Books

黄永锋，厦门大学哲学系教授、博士生导师；张行津，厦门大学哲学系博士研究生。【中文摘要】日本古籍中的道经受容现象研究，始于日本道教学会成立之后，并逐渐引起关注。纵观日本古籍,其道经受容现象大致可分为日本古典神话的道经受容、日本宗教典籍的道经受容、道经和刻本、日本学人的道经注解本四类。考索日本古籍的道经受容现象，对于重新审视古代中日交流史以及“一带一路”建设具有重要的启示意义，同时也有助于我国的海外道经搜集和古籍整理工作。 【Abstract】The study of the acceptance of Taoist classics in ancient Japanese books began after the establishment of the Japanese Taoist Association，and attracted increased attention thereafter. The different phenomena of tolerance fall into four categories：Taoist classic acceptance in Japanese classical mythology，Taoist classic acceptance in Japanese religious classics，Japanese scriptures，and Japanese scholars’ scriptures. Examining Taoism tolerance in ancient Japanese books will help to re-examine the history of ancient Sino-Japanese exchanges and draw inspirations for the development of the “Belt and Road”. Moreover，it will have a positive effect on the collection of overseas Taoist scriptures and the collation of ancient books.国家“十三五”规划文化重大工程“中华续道藏”（中共中央统战部“统办函” [2018] 576号

Electrochemical Gating Single-Molecule Circuits with Parallel Paths

# These authors contributed equally to this work.电化学门控已成为一种可行且高效调节单分子电导的方法。在本研究中,我们证实了具有两个平行苯环的单分子电路中电子传输可以通过电化学门控控制。首先,我们利用STM-BJ技术以金为电极构筑了具有两条平行路径的单分子结。与单条路径的单分子结相比,两条路径的分子结由于具有增强性量子干涉效应,具有2.82倍的电导值。进一步地,我们利用电化学门控对具有两个平行苯环的单分结的电导进行调控,获得了333%·V-1调节比。结合DFT计算,发现在E=EF附近的V形透射系数谱图导致了实验观测的电导门控行为。本研究揭示了具有平行路径的单分子电路的电化学门控行为,并为设计高性能分子器件的分子材料提供了新的途径。通讯作者:周小顺E-mail:[email protected]:Xiao-ShunZhouE-mail:[email protected].浙江师范大学物理化学研究所,先进催化材料教育部重点实验室,浙江 金华 3210042.上海大学物理系,上海 2004441. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China2. Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, Chin

Power Struggle and the Racial Factors of the American Anti-abortion Movement in the 19th Century

原祖杰，四川大学历史文化学院教授、博士生导师，历史学博士；周曼斯,四川大学历史文化学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】19世纪下半叶，美国中产阶级妇女为了摆脱无节制生、养子女对身心的折磨及束缚，率先以避孕及堕胎的方式来控制生育，其中堕胎逐渐成为妇女控制生育的重要方式。然而，职业医师认为堕胎导致美国白人妇女生育率的下降,于是发起反堕胎运动。他们一方面利用科学和道德话语面向公众，尤其是女性推广其反堕胎理念;另一方面游说地方各州的立法机构，以立法的形 式“监管”和“惩治”妇女的堕胎行为，促使美国由胎动期前堕胎合法的国家转为堕胎违法的国家。然而，反堕胎运动的背后蕴藏着职业医师追求权威地位和经济利益的行业诉求，亦体现了以美国中产阶级职业医师为代表的盎格鲁-撒克逊族裔本土白人对社会转型时期人口-种族结构失衡、社会道德滑坡等问题的应对。 【Abstract】In the second half of the 19th century，the US middle-class women made use of contraception and abortion methods to control birth，breaking free of the physical and mental torture and shackles of uncontrolled birth and childrearing. Abortion has gradually become an important method of birth control for women. Facing the sharply declining fertility rates of white women in the US，professional physicians launched an anti-abortion campaign. On the one hand，they used scientific and ethical discourse to promote their anti-abortion concepts to the public，especially women，while on the other hand，they lobbied the legislatures of each state. At the end of the 19th century，almost all US states introduced abortion legislation. During the 19th century，the US transformed from a country where abortion was legal to a country where abortion was illegal. However，professional physicians launched the anti-abortion movement for various reasons. They pursued authority status as well as economic benefits，and it also reflected that Anglo-Saxon native whites，represented by middle-class American professional physicians，were anxious for the change of the demographic - racial structure in the era of social transformation. Besides that，the anti-abortion movement was also a response to moral decline in the second half of the 19th century.国家社会科学基金重大项目“十九世纪美国工业化转型中的农村、农业与农民问题研究”(18ZDA211);国家社会科学基金一般项目“美国工业化转型时期的农民状况研究”（16BSS029

Has the Agglomeration of Producer Services Improved the Economic Efficiency of Chinese Cities: A Study from the Perspective of Industrial Heterogeneity and Difference in City Size

袁冬梅，湖南师范大学商学院教授、博士生导师，经济学博士；李恒辉，湖南师范大学商学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】加快发展生产性服务业是促进中国产业转型升级,进而提高城市经济效率和实现高质量增长的重要途径。利用2004—2018年城市面板数据对生产性服务业集聚与中国城市经济效率之间的关系进行检验。实证发现:(1)生产性服务业集聚对城市经济效率的影响整体呈倒U型，目前正处于促进城市经济效率的上升阶段；(2)分产业层次看，对城市经济效率的倒U型影响主要来源于高端生产性服务业集聚，低端生产性服务业集聚与城市经济效率呈线性关系；（3)分城市规模看，不同规模城市生产性服务业集聚均促进了城市经济效率提升，其中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型大城市的促进作用最大,中等城市作用最小。 【Abstract】Speeding up the development of producer services is an important way to promote Chinas industrial transformation and upgrading in order to improve urban economic efficiency and achieve high-quality growth. Based on urban panel data from 2004 to 2018，this paper examines the relationship between the agglomeration of producer services and urban economic efficiency in China. The empirical results show that: (1) the impact of the agglomeration of producer services on urban economic efficiency is inverted U-shaped，which is currently in the upward phase of promoting urban economic efficiency; (2) at the industrial level，the inverted U-shaped impact on urban economic efficiency essentially stems from the agglomeration of high-end producer services，and there is a linear relationship between the agglomeration of low-end producer services and urban economic efficiency; and (3) in terms of city size，the agglomeration of producer services in cities of different sizes enhances urban economic efficiency，in which type I and II cities play the most important role，while medium-sized cities play the least role. The foregoing conclusions provide empirical support for cities of different sizes to focus on the development of producer services in order to improve economic efficiency.教育部重大招标课题攻关项目“发达国家‘再工业化’对中国制造转型升级的影响及对策研究”(17JZD022)；国家社会科学基金一般项目“产业结构转型升级与稳就业协同推进的实现机制和支撑政策研究”(20BJL141)；湖南省研究生科研创新重点项目“疫情冲击下出口贸易转型升级影响制造业就业的机理和政策研究”(CX20200475

On the Construction of a Taiwan-related Public Policy System from the Perspective of National Governance

刘国深，两岸关系和平发展协同创新中心主任，厦门大学台湾研究中心/台湾研究院教授、博士生导师；郭伟展，两岸关系和平发展协同创新中心、厦门大学台湾研究院博士研究生。【中文摘要】涉台公共政策体系是由大陆单边主导推进的，以台湾同胞为政策受众的政策体系，在经济、社会等领域逐渐落实台湾同胞同等待遇，使其有效融入大陆国家和社会治理体系。涉台公共政策体系的实质是国家涉台治理体系，是国家治理体系的特殊子系统。它与国家治理现代化有着密切的内在逻辑关联，有利于实现深化两岸融合发展、落实国家统一与推进国家治理现代化的高度有机结合。构建涉台公共政策体系，应在国家治理现代化的框架中进行，着力增强国家涉台治理体系的回应性、开放性与包容性,优化落实统一过程中社会公共资源的供给与配置，促进社会公共利益在两岸人民之间的最大化。 【Abstract】The Taiwan-related public policy system is promoted singlehandedly by the Chinese Mainland with Taiwan compatriots as the audience ； it is aimed at gradually implementing equal treatment for Taiwan compatriots in economic and social spheres，so as to effectively integrate them into the Chinese Mainlands national and social governance systems. The essence of the Taiwan-related public policy system is the national Taiwan-related governance system，which is a special subsystem of the national governance system. It is closely，intrinsically and logically related to the modernization of national governance，and it is conducive to achieving a highly organic combination of deepening cross-Strait integration and development， implementing national reunification and promoting the modernization of national governance. The construction of a Taiwan-related public policy system should be carried out within the framework of the modernization of national governance ，focusing on enhancing the responsiveness，openness and inclusiveness of the Taiwan-related national governance system ，optimizing the supply and allocation of social public resources in the process of achieving reunification，and promoting the maximization of social public interests across the Taiwan Strait.中宣部文化名家暨“四个一批”资助项目“海峡两岸系统桥接研究

Research Progress on Transition State of Organic Electrode Materials

有机电极材料具有理论比容量大、结构可设计性强、加工使用过程环境友好等优点被广泛应用于二次电池的研究中。有机电极材料在氧化还原过程会产生具有不成对电子的自由基中间体,自由基中间体的稳定程度影响电极材料的电化学性能。通过改变材料的结构可以调控自由基中间体的稳定性,从而优化有机电极材料的电化学性能。本文对有机电极材料在电化学过程中产生的自由基中间体进行了分类介绍,阐明了材料结构、自由基中间体稳定性和电化学性能之间的关系。With the increasing requirements for high energy density, long lifetime, high safety, environmentally friendly fabrication, and sustainable development of large energy storage devices, the society calls for new electrode materials in rechargeable batteries beyond traditional inorganic materials which are limited by specific capacity. Organic electrode materials have been widely used in rechargeable batteries due to their advantages of large theoretical capacity, designable structures and environmentally friendly fabrications. In this review, the radical intermediates of organic electrode materials produced in the charging-discharging process (redox reaction) and their types are systematically reviewed. The stability of radical intermediates controlled by changing the structure of materials, and thereby, the optimization in the electrochemical performance of organic electrode materials are described. The reasons for the optimization of electrochemical performance are analyzed in depth, and the mechanism is discussed. This review provides guidance for improving the electrochemical performance of secondary batteries with organic materials as electrodes in the future.国家自然科学基金(21875206);国家自然科学基金(21403187);国家自然科学基金(21875097);河北省自然科学基金(B2019203487);深圳市科技创新委员会基础研究(JCYJ20170412153139454)通讯作者:卢周广,黄苇苇E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:Zhou-GuangLu,Wei-WeiHuangE-mail:[email protected];[email protected].燕山大学亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室,河北 秦皇岛 0660042.南方科技大学材料科学与工程系,广东 深圳 5180553.燕山大学环境与化学工程学院,河北 秦皇岛 0660041. State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China2. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China3. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, Chin

Genomic Insights into the Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室王传超教授课题组与哈佛医学院David Reich教授团队合作，联合全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队通过古DNA精细解析东亚人群形成历史。研究人员利用古DNA数据检验了东亚地区农业和语言共扩散理论，综合考古学、语言学等证据，该研究系统性地重构了东亚人群的形成、迁徙和混合历史。这是目前国内开展的东亚地区最大规模的考古基因组学研究，此次所报道的东亚地区古人基因组样本量是以往国内研究机构所发表的样本量总和的两倍，改变了东亚地区尤其是中国境内考古基因组学研究长期滞后的局面。 该研究是由王传超教授团队与哈佛医学院（David Reich教授）、德国马普人类历史科学研究所（Johannes Krause教授）、复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室（李辉教授和金力院士）、维也纳大学进化人类学系（Ron Pinhasi副教授）、南洋理工大学人文学院（Hui-Yuan Yeh助理教授）、俄罗斯远东联邦大学科学博物馆（Alexander N Popov研究员）、西安交通大学（张虎勤教授）、蒙古国国家博物馆研究中心、乌兰巴托国立大学考古系、华盛顿大学人类学系、台湾成功大学考古所、加州大学人类学系等全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队联合完成的。厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室为论文第一完成单位。厦门大学人类学研究所韦兰海副教授、胡荣助理教授、郭健新博士后、何光林博士后和杨晓敏硕士参与了研究工作。The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. We report genome-wide data from 166 East Asians dating to 6000 BCE-1000 CE and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan plateau are linked by a deeply-splitting lineage likely reflecting a Late Pleistocene coastal migration. We follow Holocene expansions from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by Mongolic and Tungusic language speakers but do not carry West Liao River farmer ancestry contradicting theories that their expansion spread these proto-languages. Second, Yellow River Basin farmers at ～3000 BCE likely spread Sino-Tibetan languages as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet where it forms up ～84% to some groups and to the Central Plain where it contributed ～59-84% to Han Chinese. Third, people from Taiwan ～1300 BCE to 800 CE derived ～75% ancestry from a lineage also common in modern Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic speakers likely deriving from Yangtze River Valley farmers; ancient Taiwan people also derived ～25% ancestry from a northern lineage related to but different from Yellow River farmers implying an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry arrived in western Mongolia after ～3000 BCE but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China as expected if it spread the ancestor of Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: after ～2000 BCE migrants with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic impacts of later groups with ancestry from Turan.We thank David Anthony, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Katherine Brunson, Rowan Flad, Pavel Flegontov,Qiaomei Fu, Wolfgang Haak, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Richard Meadow,Inigo Olalde, Nick Patterson, Pontus Skoglund, Dan Xu, and the four reviewers for valuable comments. We thank Naruya Saitou and the Asian DNA Repository Consortium for sharing genotype data from present-day Japanese groups. We thank Toyohiro Nishimoto and Takashi Fujisawa from the Rebun Town Board of Education for sharing the Funadomari Jomon samples, and Hideyo Tanaka and Watru Nagahara from the Archeological Center of Chiba City who are excavators of the Rokutsu Jomon site. The excavations at Boisman-2 site (Boisman culture), the Pospelovo-1 site (Yankovsky culture), and the Roshino-4 site (Heishui Mohe culture) were funded by the Far Eastern Federal University and the Institute of History,Archaeology and Ethnology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; research on Pospelovo-1 is funded by RFBR project number 18-09-40101. C.C.W was funded by the Max Planck Society, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31801040), the Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), the Major project of National Social Science Foundation of China (20&ZD248), a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Dan Xu (ERC-2019-ADG-883700-TRAM) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZK1144). O.B. and Y.B. were funded by Russian Scientific Foundation grant 17-14-01345. H.M. was supported by the grant JSPS 16H02527. M.R. and C.C.W received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No 646612) to M.R. The research of C.S. is supported 30 by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. H.L was funded NSFC (91731303, 31671297), B&R International Joint Laboratory of Eurasian Anthropology (18490750300). J.K. was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden Württemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Institute. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (BCS-1460369) to D.J.K. and B.J.C. D.R. was funded by NSF grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, the Paul M. Allen Frontiers Group, John Templeton Foundation grant 61220, a gift from Jean-Francois Clin, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 该研究得到了国家自然科学基金“中国东南各族群的遗传混合”、国家社科基金重大项目“多学科视角下的南岛语族的起源和形成研究”、厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划A类、中央高校基本科研业务费等资助

On the Modernization of Fiscal and Tax Governance with Chinese Characteristics

邓力平，厦门大学经济学院/厦门国家会计学院教授、博士生导师，经济学博士；陈丽，厦门大学经济学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】进入新时代以来,与国家治理体系和治理能力现代化进程相同步，中国特色社会主义财税在治国理政中的定位和职能得到明确提升。以党的十九届五中全会精神为引领，锚定“十四五”规划和二O三五年远景目标,在理解把握国家治理现代化时代内涵的大背景下研究中国特色财税治理现代化的理论与实践问题。社会主义现代化国家新征程对财税治理现代化提出了特定要求，应站在统筹内外两个大局的高度把握财税治理新方向、展现财税治理新作为，以中国特色财税治理现代化为国家治理现代化提供基础与支柱作用。 【Abstract】In sync with the goal of modernizing Chinas system and capacity for governance,the role of socialist finance and tax with Chinese characteristics in national governance has clearly been improved in the new era. Guided by the spirit of the 5th Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and focusing on the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long - Term Objectives through the Year 2035,it is necessary to study the theoretical and practical issues of the modernization of fiscal and tax governance with Chinese characteristics, especially in the new journey of building a modern socialist country. It is emphasized that we should grasp the new role of fiscal and tax governance in coordinating internal and external situations,and provide the foundation and pillar for the modernization of national governance

Lithium Storage Performance of Hard Carbons Anode Materials Prepared by Different Precursors

以聚丙烯腈、石油沥青和花生壳为前驱体,在1200℃下碳化制备三种不同的硬碳材料。通过扫描电子显微、X射线衍射、氮气吸附/脱附测试和拉曼光谱等方法探究不同前驱体所制备的硬碳材料的表面形貌和物相结构。通过恒流充放电测试考察了这三种硬碳负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,花生壳基硬碳的初始放电比容量最高,但首圈库仑效率最低,石油沥青基硬碳的首圈库仑效率最高但是比容量最低,聚丙烯腈基硬碳具有较高的循环比容量和稳定性。Hard carbon is one of the most promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high stability, widespread availability, low-cost, and excellent performance. The electrochemical properties of hard carbon materials depend strongly on the type of precursors. It is, therefore, very important to choose an excellent hard carbon precursor. Polyacrylonitrile, petroleum pitch and peanut shells were used as raw materials to prepare different hard carbon anode materials for LIBs. These hard carbon anode materials were successfully synthesized in two steps. The selected precursor was firstly carbonized at 600℃ for 1 h in argon atmosphere using heating rate of 1℃·min-1, and then was further carbonized at 1200℃ for 1h in argon atmosphere using heating rate of 5℃·min-1. Under such a low heating rate, a relatively small specific surface area could be obtained as much as possible for the hard carbon anode material. The surface morphology and phase structure of as synthesized hard carbon materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, nitrogen adsorption analyzer and Raman spectrometer. The ion carrier storage mechanism was further investigated using cyclic voltammetry by examining whether the ion insertion/extraction mechanism is surface-controlled pseudocapacitance or diffusion-limited intercalation. It was further verified that the lithium storage mechanism of hard carbon anode materials is in line with the “adsorption-intercalation” mechanism. The results indicated that polyacrylonitrile-derived hard carbon anode material had low impedance by EIS test. This may be the reason why the low voltage platform of polyacrylonitrile-derived hard carbon materials had a higher specific capacity. The electrochemical performance of different hard carbon materials were investigated through galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. The peanut shell-derived hard carbon material showed the highest initial specific capacity (579.1 mAh·g-1), but the lowest initial coulombic efficiency (49.35%). The petroleum pitch-derived one delivered the highest initial coulombic efficiency (85.97%), but the lowest initial specific capacity (301.7 mAh·g-1). Comparing the cycle performance of these three hard carbon materials, polyacrylonitrile-derived hard carbon materials exhibited the excellent cycling performance (87.17% of capacity over 500 cycles). This study would provide useful assistance to understand the precursor-derived electrochemical properties of hard carbon anode material in practical applications.国家自然科学基金面上项目(21673051);广东省科技厅国际合作项目资助(2019A050510043);广东省科技厅产学研重大专项(2017B010119003)通讯作者:施志聪E-mail:[email protected]:Zhi-CongShiE-mail:[email protected]广东工业大学材料与能源学院,新能源材料与器件系,广东 广州 510000Department of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, Chin