CD-ROM networking in libraries : an investigation

There is a growing awareness of the advantages of the applications of CD-ROM networking in libraries. The databases can be effectively shared among multi-users simultaneously or within the library or the organisation or several libraries. The CD-ROM technology is discussed to provide basic understanding of the technology. This will further improve the understanding of CD-ROM networking. The CD-ROM networking technology is thoroughly discussed to provide an in-depth information of the technology. The cabling system; network topologies; CD-ROM network software; network operating system; case studies of its application in various libraries etc. are investigated

An Expository Study of Islamic Environment Law

Islam as a complete way of life has provided for the concept of protection of the environment over 1400 years before the world became increasingly concerned about the safety of the world we live in. the Islamic concept of environmental law is predicated mainly on the concept of the duty of the human being to ensure that he causes no harm to others and others don’t cause harm to them. The sharia principle does not end on only the individual safeguarding and ensuring that he causes no harm to the environment but extends to positive acts that will make the environment even safer than it was met. Upholding the concept of environmental protection under Islamic law is exceedingly important in the present generation in view of the fact that over two billion people of the world are Muslims hence greatly important in preserving and protecting the environment. The principle of environmental protection is likely to enjoy greater respect on the part of Muslims because the laws are that of the creator and the lord of mankind as taught by the messenger that was sent as mercy to mankind. The use of admonishment in enlightening people on the importance of protecting the environment needs not be over emphasized. The paper will therefore discuss the concept of environmental law under Islamic law. The advantage Islamic concept of environment law has over conventional laws in terms of observance by the believers will equally be visited, the role of admonishment in environmental protection and suggestions on how best this Islamic principles will be used for the good of all. Keywords: Islam, environment, pollution, admonishment

Fish community in Pengkalan Gawi - Pulau Dula section of Kenyir Lake, Terengganu, Malaysia

A study of species diversity offish population was carried out at Pengkalan Gawi- Pulau Dula section of Kenyir Lake, Terengganu. Fish sampling at three (3) stations was conducted monthly from February 2008 to January 2009 using gill nets. A total of 274 fishes from 13 species were collected in this study. The most abundant fish species collected were Barbodes schwanenfeldii (Lampam Sungai) (35.77 %), followed by Notopterus sp. (Belida) (27.37 %) and Hampala macrolepidota (Sebarau) (16.06 %). The other species identified in this study were Hemibagrus nemurus (Baung) (8.03%), Channa micropeltes (Toman) (4.4%), Pristolepis faciatus (Patong) (3.65%), Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Temperas) (1.46%), Osteochilus hasselti (Terbol) (1.09%), Osteochilus vitatus (Rong) (0.73%), Chela anomalura (Lalang) (0.36%), Labiobarbus lineatus (Kawan) (0.36%), Channa striatus (Haruan) (0.36%) and Probarbus jullieni (Temoleh) (0.36%). The Shannon-Weaver index showing the fish diversity index was 1.71, Pielou's Evenness index was 0.66 and Margalef's Species Richness index was 4.92 respectively. Most of the species found in this study were similarly reported in other studies in Kenyir Lake. It is hoped that the results of this study will be useful in contributing towards the management of the lake in a sustainable manner for future generations

The post-industrial landscape: pretty after ugly

As cities grow and compete to become more sustainable, their action is often to rectify mistakes of their unsustainable past. Remnants of industrial activity, brownfield sites provide opportunity where cities can undo the past and reinvent a greener future

Stability Analysis and Design of Variable Step-Size P Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Robust Tracking of MPPT for Standalone/Grid Connected Power System

This research aims to design a modified P&O algorithm for the efficient tracking of maximum power point (MPPT) for standalone and grid-connected systems. The proposed research work modifies the P&O algorithm for the dc-dc converter where the fixed step size P&O algorithm is translated into variable step size with the help of ant colony optimization (ACO) to generate optimal parameters for the PID controller to generate a variable step size in the P&O algorithm. This variable step size is dependent upon the error that is the difference between the generated power and desired power. By doing this it improves the efficiency of the P&O algorithm and its limitations are overcome. Furthermore, the PV is extended to connect with a grid where the inverter is controlled by a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) so that the combined structure of variable P&O and fuzzy helps to achieve MPP efficiently. The robustness of the proposed work is compared with other state-of-the-art controllers to justify the effectiveness of the proposed work. Finally, a stability test of the system is carried out to verify the overall stability of the power system

Community awareness about tangible and intangible benefits of Sibuti Mangrove Forest, Sarawak, Malaysia

Mangrove forest is highly productive and provides enormous tangible and intangible benefits to the local communities. Millions of people are dependent on mangrove for their livelihoods around the world including Malaysia. Many researchers in Malaysia have focused on ecological and environmental aspects of mangroves; however very few research works are documented on social linkage aspect to this unique characteristic of forest particularly in Sarawak. Hence, this study focuses on community awareness about the benefits of Sibuti mangrove forest to the local community in Sarawak. Data was recorded from 60 respondents using simple random sampling techniques in three villages surrounding Sibuti mangrove forest through structured and semi-structured interview schedule. The coastal community was not depending on Sibuti mangroves forest in terms of direct benefits, however, low dependency was recorded on mangrove forest in term of crab and mollusk collection (55%), Nypa fruits collection (35%) and Nypa leaves collection (32%). Fishing was the only direct benefit, which was getting by the community (48%) from Sibuti mangrove forest and adjacent areas. The community believed that mangrove forest provide them indirect benefits such as breeding ground of fish, protecting their land from soil erosion, contributing towards land formation, filtering the water resource, increasing scenic view, providing food to the fish, working as nutrients hub for fishes, wildlife habitat, protection from floods, protection from cyclones/storms/tornados and protecting them from Tsunami. Most of the respondents were always willing to play role in the development of Sibuti mangroves, interested in learning about conservation and protection practices, while some (62%) were ready for volunteer role in conservation and protection if assign to them. Most of them i.e., 60% were ready to play role as volunteer and 77% was ready to work as facilitator. Majority (53%) was willing to pay donations. The educational, research and training program were welcomed by 98% of the respondents. The findings of the study suggest that forestry resource could be managed through community involvement for the well being of fishery resources, community livelihoods, wildlife and eco-tourism development

Fingerling production and stock enhancement of Mahisefid (Rutilus frisii kutum) lessons for others in the south of Caspian Sea

Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky 1901) is one of the economically important fishes that migrate for spawning to rivers in the Caspian Sea. However, the fish populations have slowly decreased in recent years. The declining of these resources has resulted from some activities by the Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFO is responsible for stock enhancement) to catch some broodstocks of Rutilus frisii kutum from their natural spawning rivers. The broodstocks are caught for artificial propagation of the fish. Artificial propagations are carried out every year to produce fingerlings to be released into the rivers in the Caspian Sea. In recent years, total catch of this fish have greatly fluctuated due to the disruption of the natural spawning grounds and over fishing. The substantial reduction to 1,298 metric tons, the lowest total catch reported in 1984–1985, could be due to over-exploitation of the fishery resources. However, the total catch has increased after the fingerlings release programs started in 1979. The total numbers of Rutilus frisii kutum fingerlings released had increased from 12 million to 225 million in 2002, to 155 million pieces in 2003, to 179 million pieces in 2004, 229 million pieces in 2005, 174 million pieces in 2006, 262 million pieces in 2007 and 187.1 in 2008. The total catch was also increased from 6,417 metric ton to 8,984 metric ton, to 7,036 metric ton, to 9,631 metric ton and 16,117, 17,196, 14,835 in years 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively

Morphometrics Studies of Mahisefid (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901) from Selected Rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea

Mahisefid, Rutilus frisii kutum , is a cyprinid fish which is distributed from Turkmenistan to Azerbaijan along the Caspian Sea. It is one of the economically important fish in the region. As part of the Iranian Fisheries Company’s policy to improve the stocks of this species, every year, fingerling of Mahisefid are released into the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. The main objective of this study was to determine populations in different of rivers. In total, 387 fish were collected from four rivers, including Lemir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan, where this fish migrates for spawning, in spring 2005. Thirteen conventional morphometric factors, 13 ratio and 12 Truss morphometrics were measured and calculated in this study. Conventional and Truss morphometric data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA Principal Component Analysis and discriminant. Average of coefficient of variation (CV%) of morphometric in males was 14.95, 10.28, 17.47 and 16.56 and in females was 21.35, 19.74, 18.25, and 19.74 in Lemir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan River, respectively, showing that all morphometric characters were significantly different (P<0.05) among four sampling sites (populations). The first component of morphometrics 44.32% in males and 68.94% in females were positive, indicating that the conventional morphometric was good descriptor of the body shape variation among the populations, especially in females. The total cumulative variances were 76.6% and 87.8% in males and females, respectively, suggesting that this can be considered as a useful discriminator. The total cumulative variances were 64.27% and 64.21% in males and females, respectively. The first component of truss was 87.7% and 81.3% of the total variance, in males and females, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that each sampling site represents independent population in each river

Morphometrics studies of Mahisefid (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901) from selected rivers in the southern Caspian Sea

Mahisefid, Rutilus frisii kutum , is a cyprinid fish which is distributed from Turkmenistan to Azerbaijan along the Caspian Sea. It is one of the economically important fish in the region. As part of the Iranian Fisheries Company’s policy to improve the stocks of this species, every year, fingerling of Mahisefid are released into the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. The main objective of this study was to determine populations in different of rivers. In total, 387 fish were collected from four rivers, including Lemir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan, where this fish migrates for spawning, in spring 2005. Thirteen conventional morphometric factors, 13 ratio and 12 Truss morphometrics were measured and calculated in this study. Conventional and Truss morphometric data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA Principal Component Analysis and discriminant. Average of coefficient of variation (CV%) of morphometric in males was 14.95, 10.28, 17.47 and 16.56 and in females was 21.35, 19.74, 18.25, and 19.74 in Lemir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan River, respectively, showing that all morphometric characters were significantly different (P<0.05) among four sampling sites (populations). The first component of morphometrics 44.32% in males and 68.94% in females were positive, indicating that the conventional morphometric was good descriptor of the body shape variation among the populations, especially in females. The total cumulative variances were 76.6% and 87.8% in males and females, respectively, suggesting that this can be considered as a useful discriminator. The total cumulative variances were 64.27% and 64.21% in males and females, respectively. The first component of truss was 87.7% and 81.3% of the total variance, in males and females, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that each sampling site represents independent population in each river