Emergence of Raoultella ornithinolytica producing AmpC -Beta lactamases in the different clinical specimens

The incidence of AmpC β –lactamases producing member of Enterobacteriaceae is increasing in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate AmpC β –lactamases production by clinical isolates of Raoultella  ornithinolytica by phenotypic detection (AmpC  disc  test (ADT) and modified three dimensional test(MTDT)) . Twenty isolates(8.73%) of Raoultella sp. were identified among 229 (70.89%) different bacteria (gram negative and gram positive) that isolated from different clinical specimens (urine 8(9.8%), burns 5(12.19%), wound5(6.3%) and stool 2(8.6%)) .Three species of Raoultella were isolated in this study that included Raoultella  ornithinolytica (16(6.98%)), Raoultella  terrigena (3 (1.31%)) and Raoultella planticola(1(0.43%)). Thirteen (81%) and10(62.5%) of Raoultella  ornithinolytica were resist to cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanate respectively,10 out of 13 cefoxitin resistant and all isolates that resistant to   amoxicillin-clavulanate were produced AmpC β –lactamases by two  phenotypic tests .The AmpC β – lactamases producers were distributed to 3(100%) from burns ,6(75%)from urine and 1(33.3%) from wounds .The study showed AmpC β – lactamases producers were also high resist to other antibiotics that included tetracycline (90%) and ciprofloxacin(80%),and all isolates (100%) were sensitive to imipenem . KEYWORDS: Raoultella ornithinolytica, AmpC β –lactamases, clinical specimens

Antitumour activity of adenovirus-12 structural proteins against Moloney sarcoma tumours in mice.

When purified fibre and hexon proteins of adenovirus 12 were given intramuscularly to 4-week-old BALB/c mice (250-300 mug/mouse) 2 h prior to inoculation with mouse sarcoma virus (0.05 ml of 10(4) FFU/ml) at the same site, significant suppression of tumour growth (P less than 0.001), and rapid regression in tumour size (P less than 0.001) were noted. As a rule, the survival rate in treated mice was also significantly higher than in untreated mice. Furthermore, the disease process in treated mice as compared to untreated mice was far less extensive as judged by the scarcity of sarcoma lesions on the spleens. Preliminary evidence suggested that treatment with fibre could lead to increased cellular immunity in mice. Whether this may be a secondary consequence of events whereby fibre inhibited tumour growth rather than first order mechanism of the inhibition is not known

Pemikiran Thomas Kuhn dan Relevansinya terhadap Keilmuan Islam

Thomas Kuhn dengan konsep revolusi ilmiahnya memiliki karakteristik pemikiran dan model filsafat baru dalam hal sejarah lahirnya ilmu pengetahuan dan filsafat sains serta peranan sejarah ilmu pengetahuan dalam mengkonstruksi ataupun merekonstruksi munculnya ilmu pengetahuan baru. Bagi Thomas Kuhn sejarah ilmu pengetahuan merupakan starting point dalam mengkaji permasalahan fundamental dalam epistemologi keilmuan karena sains pada dasarnya selalu ditandai dengan kuatnya paradigma serta revolusi ilmiah setelahnya. Fase inilah yang diistilahkan Thomas Kuhn sebagai fase sejarah lahirnya ilmu pengetahuan baru, dimulai dengan normal science, kemudian terjadi anomaly dan crisis, setelah itu barulah muncul revolusi ilmiah sebagai bentuk lahirnya ilmu pengetahuan baru. Pemikiran Thomas Kuhn tersebut dapat dikontekstualisasikan dengan pengembangan keilmuan Islam dengan tujuan membangun keterbukaan pemikiran keislaman terhadap anomali dan crisis serta munculnya revolusi dalam ilmu keislaman sehingga memotivasi munculnya paradigma baru di ranah keilmuan Islam. Berbagai pendekatan dalam studi Islam dapat digunakan seperti pendekatan normatif, historis, sosiologis, antropologis dan pendekatan lainnya dalam rangka membumikan Islam menjadi agama yang rahmatan lil alamin

Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for pastas industry effluent using response surface methodology

The goal of this study was to characterize and then optimize the treatment process of effluent generated from couscous and pasta industry. The crude effluent is characterized by a high level of organic concentration (from 2269 to 4383 mg/l). The optimization of coagulation-flocculation process was then performed to minimize chemical oxygen demand (COD). The experiments were carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the effects and the interactions of three factors; coagulant dosage, flocculant dosage and pH on the wastewater treatment efficiency. Quadratic models was developed for the response variables and it successfully describes the experimental data (R2= 0.728). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that only the coefficients corresponding to the flocculant dosage were significant (p < 0.0001). In order to take into account the variability of the initial organic concentration of the effluent, the CCD was repeated thrice by using a wastewater having initially different organic charges (530, 1775 and 2722 mg/l). Whatever was the initial organic charge of the wastewater, the optimal coagulant dosage was found constant (about 50 mg/l) and the optimal pH value was about 11.0. On the contrary, the optimal flocculant dosage varied linearly (from 24 to 50 mg/l) with the initial COD (from 529 to 2722 mg/l). These optimal conditions allow a COD removal varying from 78 to 93%. Irrigation and germination tests were carried out with treated and untreated wastewater and they showed that these effluents could be adequately recycled in culture irrigation.Key words: Couscous and pasta industry effluent, COD removal, central composite design, response surface methodology (RSM), irrigation tests

Pengaruh Teknik Send A Problem terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Daftar Pustaka Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau

The objective of this research was to determine whether there is influence of the send a problem technique to the ability to write a bibliography. Influence was shown from the completeness of the results of student learning class XI SMA Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau in writing a list of libraries after applied the send a problem technique. Quantitative methods of quasi experiments are used in answering the purposes of this study. Techniques in collecting data in the form of a form of a description test technique. The research population was all students in class XI amounted to 138 students consisting of 4 classes. The sample in this research was class XI. MIA 4 which amounted to 34 students. Data analysis technique begins with the normality test, and continued with t test by looking at the difference between the KKM value which was hypothesised is 74 with the mean postes. Based on the result of test analysis with t test formula, to greater than ttable at 5 percnet significance level that is 2.60 bigger than 2.04. Thus, the results of student learning class XI SMA Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau in writing the list of libraries after applied the send a problem technique significantly completed. Keywords: Influence, Send a Problem Technique, Write Bibliography

Partially Purification M Protein from Streptococcus Pyogens and Molecular Study of Some Virulence Factors

The current study was conducted to isolation one type of surface protein of Streptococcus pyogens this protein separated using partially purification method. Purifiction  process include precipitation of crude  M protein  one peak of this protein was appeared, the best precipitate rate was 30% . PCR assay were performed to identify the presence of some genes related to pathogenicity in bacteria responsible from Tonsillitis .Streptococcus pyogens represented the largest causative agent of inflammation of the tonsil so the study revealed the presence of certain gene in some isolate of bacteria, including the gene SpeB that gave large proportions in the study isolates 12 out of 37 at a rate of (32.4%). Keywords : S.pyogens , Tonsillitis , M protein ,PCR ,Spe

Flood vulnerability and resilience: Exploring the factors that influence flooding in Sarawak

Flooding is the most common natural disaster in Malaysia, resulting in chaos and disruptions to social and economic activities, damage to roads and railway tracks, vehicles, affecting the level of properties, loss of life, and rise in vulnerability. In addition to natural causes, floods are mainly attributed to continuous heavy rainfall, rapid development, unplanned urbanization, poor drainage system, and environmental degradation. This annual occurrence of floods has given a big impact on the lives of humans and other living beings. Due to the negative impact of floods, we need to pay serious attention and take alternative ways to reduce this disaster. This study aimed to investigate the vulnerability factors and understand the concept of vulnerability and resilience to manage floods in Sarawak. The researcher primarily focused on reviewing the printed and documented material of disasters in order to find the vulnerability factors. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that nature, human, and governance factors, contributed mostly to floods. The present study shows that vulnerability reduction along with emergency preparedness can reduce flood damages and fatalities. The innovative technologies must have to be considered to reduce vulnerability and build resilience for sustainable disaster risk reduction

Bacterial contamination of Iraqi paper currency in circulation in Al-Nasiriyah city, Thi – Qar province

The aim of this study was to investigate the types of bacteria which contaminated the Iraqi paper currency in circulation in Al –Nasiriyah city, Thi – Qar province. It was collected 75 paper currencies in circulation which included  15 of each one for five category of  (250, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 25,000 ) dinars from different sources  (fish vendors, vegetable sellers, cafeteria, officers, butchers) .the study was appeared the higher number of aerobic plate count (APC)were founded in denomination 1000 dinar in range ( 40 -900 )C.F.U. / ml, while the lowest number were in denomination 250 dinar in range (20-80) C.F.U . / ml . Sixty five of different bacterial isolates were obtained from 75 samples of paper currency., the denomination 250 was contaminated with the highest number of isolates ,it recorded 18(27.7%)isolates . Escherichia coli was predominated among other bacteria, it was registered 12(18.46%) followed by Micrococcus sp.(9(13.8%)). Streptococcus sp. was registered the lowest number (1(1.53%))among other isolates .The number of bacterial isolates that obtained from paper currency of fish venders was more than that in other possesses , it was reached 17 (26.15%), and the paper currency of Officers showed  the lowest number of isolates(7(10.76%))