Epictia borapeliotes belongs to the family Leptotyphlopidae, composed of the smallest snakes known in the world. Currently, there are records of this species for the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe. However, due to its underground habits and small size, little is known about its actual distribution. Herein, we present the first record of E. borapeliotes for the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, expanding its geographical distribution about 270 km northwest from Aratuba municipality, state of Ceará, and about 750 km north of the type locality, the Santo Inácio district, Gentio do Ouro municipality, state of Bahia. In addition, we present an updated map of the geographic distribution of this species in northeastern Brazil.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Andrade, Etielle B.

Araújo, Sâmia Caroline M.

Nunes, Rudy Camilo

Rodrigues, Francisco Emídio G.

Cuadernos de Herpetología

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Nota295Author for correspondence: etlandrade@hotmail.comFirst record and geographic distribution of Epictia borapeliotes (Vanzolini, 1996) (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae) in the state of Piauí, northeastern BrazilSâmia Caroline Melo Araújo1, Francisco Emídio Gomes Rodrigues2, Rudy Camilo Nunes3, Etielle Barroso de Andrade31 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil.2 Cooperativa Educacional e Social de Pedro II (COESP), Pedro II, Piauí, Brazil.3 Grupo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia do Centro-Norte Piauiense, Instituto Federal de Edu-cação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Pedro II, Piauí, Brazil.Cuad. herpetol. 34 (2): 295-298 (2020)The family Leptotyphlopidae, currently represen-ted by 14 genera and about 143 species (Martins et al., 2019; Uetz et al., 2020), is widely distributed in Africa, Central and South America, and West Indies, some few species in North America, Arabia, and Asia, in which occupy several types of environments, such as deserts, forests, savannas, wet areas, and even in anthropized environments (Adalsteinsson et al., 2009). The group of leptopiflopids includes the smallest known snakes in the world, usually mea-suring less than 30 cm, in which they have a slender body, shiny and smooth scales, and undifferentiated ventral scales (Adalsteinsson et al., 2009). They are fossorial or semifossorial animals that feed on larvae or adults of small social insects; however, informa-tion about the diet of these animals is quite scarce (Sampaio et al., 2018; Vanzolini, 1970; Adalsteinsson et al., 2009).In Brazil are recognized 19 species of Lepto-typhlopidae distributed in four genera (Epictia, Ha-brophallos, Siagonodon, Trilepida): Epictia albifrons, E. australis, E. borapeliotes, E. clinorostris, E. munoai, E. striatula, E. tenella, E. vellardi, Habrophallos collaris, Siagonodon acutirostris, S. cupinensis, S. septemstriatus, Trilepida brasiliensis, T. dimidiata, T. fuliginosa, T. jani, T. koppesi, T. macrolepis, and T. salgueiroi (Costa and Bérnils, 2018; Hoogmoed and Lima, 2018; Martins et al., 2019). Of these, only E. borapeliotes is endemic to the Caatinga biome, also occurring in enclaves of Cerrado and forested areas of the coastal region of the northeastern Brazilian (Guedes et al., 2014; Costa and Bérnils, 2018). This species has wide ecological tolerance, occurring both in hot and dry areas of the Brazilian semiarid as well as in wet areas of the coastal zone (Vanzo-lini, 1996; Guedes et al., 2014). It can be found at different altitude levels, with records ranging from 0 to 938 m a.s.l (Freitas et al., 2012; Guedes et al., 2014), in addition to being well adapted to anthropic environments (Sampaio et al., 2018; present study).Epictia borapeliotes is currently distributed in seven states of the Northeast region of Brazil, however, due to its small size and fossorial habits, little is known about the real distribution of this species. Herein, we present the first record of E. borapeliotes for the state of Piauí and an updated map of the geographic distribution of the species in northeastern Brazil.A small individual of E. borapeliotes (total length= 81 mm, sex not determined; Fig. 1) was Recibida:  1 1  A b r i l  2 0 2 0Revisada:  2 5  A b r i l  2 0 2 0Aceptada:  2 2  J u n i o  2 0 2 0E d i t o r  A s o c i a d o :  D.  B a l d odoi:  10.31017/CdH.2020.(2020-017)ABSTRACTEpictia borapeliotes belongs to the family Leptotyphlopidae, composed of the smallest snakes known in the world. Currently, there are records of this species for the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe. However, due to its underground habits and small size, little is known about its actual distribution. Herein, we present the first record of E. borapeliotes for the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, expanding its geographical distribution about 270 km northwest from Aratuba municipality, state of Ceará, and about 750 km north of the type locality, the Santo Inácio district, Gentio do Ouro municipality, state of Bahia. In addition, we present an updated map of the geographic distribution of this species in northeastern Brazil.Key Words: Snake; Caatinga biome; Brazilian semiarid; fossorial snakes.296S. C. M. Araújo et al.  - Distribution map of Epictia borapeliotesaccidentally found in the urban area of the Pedro II municipality, state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil (4°26’2.14” S; 41°27’13.68” W, 600 m a.s.l). Pedro II municipality is located in Serra dos Matões, central-northern region of the state of Piauí, and inserted in the Serra da Ibiapaba Environmental Protection Area (Brasil, 1996), presenting transitional vegeta-tion between Caatinga and Cerrado (Barros et al., 2014; Santos et al., 2019). The specimen was found under cashew foliage during the cleaning of a resi-dential yard on July 13, 2019, collected manually and sent dead, fixed in 70% ethanol, to the Biology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piaui – IFPI (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí), Campus Pedro II, for identification. The individual was deposited in the Biological Collection of the IFPI, Campus Pedro II (CBPII 125).Species identification was carried out by comparing the diagnostic characteristics proposed by Vanzolini (1996). The species was previously recorded for the Brazilian states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe (e.g., Guedes et al., 2014; Table 1). The states of Paraíba, Ceará, and Bahia are those with the highest number of records of the species (see Table 1). However, to date, no record of this species has been made for the state of Piauí. Thus, the present work records the first occurrence of E. borapeliotes for the state of Piauí (Fig. 2), increasing its geo-graphical distribution about 270 km in a straight line northwest from the Aratuba municipality, state of Ceará (Roberto and Veiga, 2009; Roberto and Figure 1. Lateral (A) and dorsal (B) view of the head of Epictia borapeliotes (CBPII 125) recorded in the Pedro II municipality, state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil.Figure 2. Geographic distribution map of Epictia borapeliotes, with a new record (yellow triangle) for the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, and data from literature (black dots). For occurrence locations, see Table 1.297Cuad. herpetol. 34 (2): 295-298 (2020)Loebmann, 2016; Guedes et al., 2014), and about 750 km in a straight line north of the type locality of the species, the Santo Inácio district, Gentio do Ouro municipality, state of Bahia (Vanzolini, 1996). This new record corresponds to the westernmost known occurrence of the species. This work presents addi-tional information about the geographic distribution of E. borapeliotes in a poorly studied area, reinforc-ing the need to conduct long-term herpetological surveys in the northern region of the state of Piauí (Santos et al., 2019).Literature citedAdalsteinsson, A.S.; Branch, W.R.; Trape, S. & Vitt, L.J. 2009. Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata). Zootaxa 2244: 1-50. Arzabe, C.; Skuk, G.; Santana, G.G.; Delfim, F.R.; Lima, Y.C.C. & Abrantes, S.H.F. 2005. Herpetofauna da Área de Curimataú, Paraíba: 259-274. In: Araújo, F.S.; Rodal, M.N.J. & Barbosa, M.R.V. (eds.), Análise das Variações da Biodiversidade do State Municipality Latitude (S) Longitude (W) ReferenceAlagoasOlho D’Água do Casado 9°30'14.00'' 37°49'48.00'' Vanzolini (1996); Guedes et al. (2014)Piranhas 9°30'05.00'' 37°49'44.00'' Vanzolini (1996); Guedes et al. (2014)BahiaMucugê 13°09'00.00'' 41°24'00.00'' Freitas et al. (2012) Gentio do Ouro 11°25'47.00'' 42°30'16.00'' Vanzolini (1996); Guedes et al. (2014)Itaetê 12°59'00.00'' 40°58'05.00'' Guedes et al. (2014)Jacobina 11°10'53.00'' 40°30'45.00'' Vanzolini (1996); Guedes et al. (2014)Miguel Calmon 11°25'41.00'' 40°35'40.00'' Guedes et al. (2014)Palmeiras 12°31'00.00'' 41°33'00.00'' Magalhães et al. (2015)CearáAratuba 4°24'41.00'' 39°02'21.00''Roberto and Veiga (2009); Roberto and Loebmann (2016); Guedes et al. (2014)Chapada do Araripe - - Ribeiro et al. (2012)Limoeiro do Norte 5°09'19.00'' 38°06'07.00'' Roberto and Loebmann (2016)Maranguape 3°53'16.00'' 38°40'32.00'' Roberto and Loebmann (2016)Mulungu 4°18'27.00'' 38°59'58.00'' Roberto and Loebmann (2016)Santana do Cariri 7°11'11.00'' 39°44'16.00'' Roberto and Loebmann (2016)Várzea Alegre 6°47'46.00'' 39°17'51.00'' Roberto and Loebmann (2016)ParaíbaAraruna 6°27'13.00'' 35°40'49.00'' Arzabe et al. (2005)Boqueirão 7°28'54.00'' 36°08'05.00'' Guedes et al. (2014)Cacimba de Dentro 6°41'00.00'' 35°44'59.00'' Arzabe et al. (2005)Campina Grande 7°13'44.00'' 35°52'51.00'' Guedes et al. (2014)Conde 7°15'26.42'' 34°54'21.98'' Vanzolini (1996)João Pessoa 7°09'26.92'' 34°48'40.80'' Vanzolini (1996); Sampaio et al. (2018)Junco do Seridó 6°59'39.00'' 36°42'50.00'' Vanzolini (1996); Guedes et al. (2014)São José dos Cordeiros 7°28'15.00'' 36°52'51.00'' Brito (2017)PernambucoBezerros 8°14'31.00'' 35°45'25.00'' Guedes et al. (2014)Sertânia 8°04'00.00'' 37°16'00.00'' Cordeiro and Hoge (1974); Vanzolini (1996);Rio Grande do NorteAngicos 5°35'45.00'' 36°36'01.00'' Guedes et al. (2014)João Câmara 5°25'38.00'' 35°54'38.00'' Calixto and Morato (2017)Natal 5°50'24.00'' 35°12'07.00'' Sales et al. (2009)Nísia Floresta 6°06'47.67'' 35°10'59.25'' Vanzolini (1996)Serra Negra do Norte 6°39'38.00'' 37°23'56.00'' Guedes et al. (2014); Caldas et al. (2016)SergipeCanindé de São Francisco 9°39'52.00'' 37°47'05.00'' Guedes et al. (2014); Souza and Bocchiglieri (2018)Poço Redondo 9°39'44.00'' 37°47'05.00'' Guedes et al. (2014); Souza and Bocchiglieri (2018)Table 1. Localities of the Northeast region of Brazil with records of Epictia borapeliotes (– = information not available in consulted references).298S. C. M. Araújo et al.  - Distribution map of Epictia borapeliotesBioma Caatinga. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasília, Brasil.Barros, J.S., Ferreira, R.V., Pedreira, A.J. & Schobbenhaus, C. 2014. Geoparque Sete Cidades-Pedro II (PI): Proposta. Brasília: Serviço Geológico Brasileiro (CPRM), relatório técnico. Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo – Brasil. Vol. XXIII, N.° 2 - pp. 13-16. Available in: http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Gestao-Territorial/Geoparques-134.  Accessed in: 02 April 2020.Brasil. 1996. Decreto de 26 de novembro de 1996. Dispõe sobre a criação da Área de Proteção Ambiental Serra da Ibiapaba, nos Estados do Piauí e Ceará, e dá outras providências. Poder Executivo. Brasília-DF.Brito, J.A.M. 2017. Influência da morfologia na utilização de recursos em uma taxocenose de serpentes em área de Caatinga arbórea no Nordeste do Brasil. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Areia, Paraíba.Caldas, F.L.S.; Costa, T.B.; Laranjeiras, D.O.; Mesquita, D.O. & Garda, A.A. 2016. Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga V: Seridó Ecological Station (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). Check List 12: 1929. Calixto, P.O. & Morato, S.A.A. 2017. Herpetofauna recorded by a fauna rescue program in a Caatinga area of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Check List 13: 647-657. Cordeiro, C.L. & Hoge, A.R. 1974. Contribuição ao conhecimento das serpentes do estado de Pernambuco. Memórias do Instituto Butantan 37: 261-290.Costa, H.C & Bérnils, R.S. 2018. Répteis do Brasil e suas Unidades Federativas: Lista de espécies. Herpetologia Brasileira 7: 11-57.Freitas, M.A.; Veríssimo, D. & Uhlig, V. 2012. Squamate Reptiles of the central Chapada Diamantina, with a focus on the municipality of Mucugê, state of Bahia, Brazil. Check List 8: 16-22. Guedes, T.B.; Nogueira, C. & Marques, O.A.V. 2014. Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3863: 1-93.Hoogmoed, M.S. & Lima, J. 2018. Epictia collaris (Hoogmoed, 1977) (Reptilia: Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae), new record for the herpetofauna of Amapá and Brazil, with additional localities in French Guiana and a distribution map. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Ciencias Naturais 13: 461-465.Magalhães, F.M.; Laranjeiras, D.O.; Costa, T.B.; Juncá, F.A.; Mesquita, D.O.; Röhr, D.L.; Silva, W.P.; Vieira, G.H.C. & Garda, A. A. 2015. Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga IV: Chapada Diamantina National Park, Bahia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 8: 243-261.Martins, A.; Koch, C.; Pinto, R.; Folly, M.; Fouquet, A. & Passos, P. 2019. From the inside out: Discovery of a new genus of threadsnakes based on anatomical and molecular data, with discussion of the leptotyphlopid hemipenial morphology. Journal of Zoological Systematic and Evolutionary Research 57: 840-863.Ribeiro, S.C.; Roberto, I.J.; Sales, D.L.; Ávila, R.W. & Almeida, W.O. 2012. Amphibians and reptiles from the Araripe bioregion, northeastern Brazil. Salamandra 48: 133-146.Roberto, I.J. & Loebmann, D. 2016. Composition, distribution patterns, and conservation priority areas for the herpetofauna of the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Salamandra 52:134-152.Roberto, I.J. & Veiga, S. 2009. Leptotyphlops borapeliotes: Geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 40: 238.Sales, R.F.D.; Lisboa, C.M.C.A & Freire, E.M.X. 2009. Répteis Squamata de remanescentes florestais do campus da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brasil. Cuadernos de Herpetología 23: 77-88.Sampaio, I.L.R.; Santos, C.P.; França, R.C.; Pedrosa, I.M.M.C.; Solé, M. & França, F.G.R. 2018. Ecological diversity of a snake assemblage from the Atlantic Forest at the south coast of Paraíba, northeast Brazil. ZooKeys 787: 107-125. Santos, A.J.; Costa, C.A.; Sena, F.P.; Araújo, K.C. & Andrade, E.B. 2019. New record and geographic distribution of Proceratophrys caramaschii Cruz, Nunes, and Juncá, 2012 in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil (Anura: Odontophrynidae). Herpetology Notes 12: 675-679.Souza, F.H. & Bocchiglieri, A. 2018. Epictia borapeliotes (Caatinga Threadsnake). Predation. Herpetological Review 49: 752-753. Uetz, P.; Freed, P. & Hošek, J. 2020. The Reptile Database. Available in: http://www.reptile-database.org. Accessed in: 28 May 2020.Vanzolini, P.E. 1970. Climbing habitats of Leptotyphlopidae (Serpentes) and walls’s theory of the evolution of the ophidian eye. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 23: 13-16. Vanzolini, P.E. 1996. A new (and very old) species of Leptotyphlops from northeastern Brazil (Serpentes, Leptotyphlopidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 39: 281-291.© 2020 por los autores, licencia otorgada a la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina. 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First record and geographic distribution of Epictia borapeliotes (Vanzolini, 1996) (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae) in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil

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First record and geographic distribution of Epictia borapeliotes (Vanzolini, 1996) (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae) in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil

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