Includes bibliographical references.We are developing a new graduate program at Purdue in Video and Image Systems Engineering (VISE). The project is comprised of three parts: a new curriculum centered around a degree option in VISE to be earned as part of the Masters or Ph.D. degrees; a state-of-the-art lecture/laboratory facility for instruction, laboratory experiments, and project and homework activities in VISE courses; and enhancement of existing courses and development of new courses in the VISE area.Supported by an Image Systems Engineering Grant from Hewlett-Packard Company

Allebach, Jan P.

Bouman, Charles Addison

Coyle, Edward J.

Delp, Edward J.

Landgrebe, David A.

Maciejewski, Anthony A.

Pizlo, Zygmunt

Shroff, Ness B.

Zoltowski, Michael D.

English

We are developing a new graduate program at Purdue in Video and Image Systems Engineering (VISE). The project is comprised of three parts: a new curriculum centered around a degree option in VISE to be earned as part of the Masters or Ph.D. degrees; a state-of-the-art lecture/laboratory facility for instruction, laboratory experiments, and project and homework activities in VISE courses; and enhancement of existing courses and development of new courses in the VISE area.Supported by an Image Systems Engineering Grant from Hewlett-Packard Company

Zoltowski, Michael D., author

Shroff, Ness B., author

Pizlo, Zygmunt, author

Maciejewski, Anthony A., author

Landgrebe, David A., author

Delp, Edward J., author

Coyle, Edward J., author

Bouman, Charles Addison, author

Allebach, Jan P., author

IEEE, publisher

Mountain Scholar (Digital Collections of Colorado and Wyoming)

VIDEO AND IMAGE SYSTEMS ENGINEERINGEDUCATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY *J. P. Allebach), G. A. Boumasv, E. J. Goylet, E. J. Delpt, D. A. LandgrebetA. A. Maciejewskzi , Z. Pizlo+, N. B. ShrofP, M. D. ZoltowskzitSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN 47907-1285+Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN 47907-1364AbstractWe are developing a new graduate program at Purduein Video and Image Systems Engineering (VISE). Theproject is comprised of three parts: a new curriculumcentered around a degree option in VISE to be earnedas part of the Masters or Ph.D. degrees; a state-of-the-art lecture/laboratory facility for instruction, labora-tory experiments, and project and homework activitiesin VISE courses; and enhancement of existing coursesand development of new courses in the VISE area.1 IntroductionImaging in the School of Electrical and Computer En-gineering (ECE) of Purdue University dates back to1931 when Roscoe George and Howard J. Heim in-vented the first electronic television receiver which isnow on exhibit at the Museum of Broadcast Commu-nications in Chicago, IL [1]. From these beginnings,imaging has grown to become a major educational andresearch component of the ECE program. There arepresently 14 ECE faculty conducting research relatedto imaging. At the graduate level, there are presently13 courses in the imaging area that have either per-manent status, or which are under development at thistime. At the undergraduate level, we have a "capstone"Senior ECE course in digital signal processing [2] whichhas a strong imaging component.Building on this solid base, we have initiated a three-pronged strategy that will move our imaging programforward by a major step, and prepare us to enter the21st century in video and imaging. The VISE curricu-lum option will unify and focus attention on this areaof ECE. After completing a prescribed set of courses,'Supported by an Image Systems Engineering Grant fromHewlett-Packard Company.0-7803-3258-X/96/$5.00 © 1996 IEEE 449including required and elective courses from the VISEgroup, students will receive a certificate and appropri-ate notation on their transcript. The program will in-clude a special seminar series featuring speakers fromindustry and academia in the VISE area. The optionwill be structured in such a way as to allow access bystudents who are not ECE majors.At the end of the third year of the project, the VISEfacility will include 31 video and graphics workstations,2 file servers, a media server with optical disk juke-box, a digital video disk recorder, and a complementof printers and scanners. A 64 port ATM switch willprovide high-speed connectivity to existing resourceswithin ECE and beyond. This network will supporttransmission of multiple streams of real-time digitalvideo. The facility will be configured to enable useas a lecture room for highly interactive and Visually en-hanced learning, a laboratory for providing the studentwith a wide range of hands-on learning experiences, anda resource for unscheduled independent work on assign-ments and projects.With the new capabilities offered by the VISE fa-cility, we will be able to embark on a new directionin video and imaging education - a direction that willlook beyond traditional imaging to the complete digi-tal imaging system. This new approach will synergis-tically combine the study of video, images, graphics,networking and perception, thereby preparing our stu-dents for employment in today's increasingly competi-tive and fast-moving workplace.2 VISE Degree OptionWe are planning to introduce both Masters and Ph.D.level degree options in Video and Image Systems En-gineering. The VISE degree option will be earned aspart of a regular Masters or Ph.D. degree. For theVISE degree option, students will chose one ofthe fol-lowing areas of specialization: Imaging and Video, Re-mote Sensing, Graphics, Networks, and Psychology. Inaddition to whatever conditions must be satisfied toreceive their Masters or Ph.D. degree, students mustcomplete the following requirements to fulfill the VISEdegree option:A. 4 courses (12 credits) from the VISE listB. 3 of these courses (9 credits) must be VISE primarycoursesC. 2 of the VISE primary courses must be from thestudents area of specializationThese requirements work together to assure that thestudent's plan of study will have depth in the student'sarea of specialization, while allowing for some breadthoutside this area. The VISE primary courses are shownin Table 1, grouped according to level and area ofspecialization. The VISE secondary courses are alsolisted in Table 1. These courses provide backgroundand breadth relative to the topics covered in the VISEprimary courses. In addition, if the degree requires athesis, the thesis must address a topic from the VISEarea.The VISE degree option will be administered bya VISE steering committee. The committee will beresponsible for determining which courses will be in-cluded under the VISE umbrella, for setting require-ments for the VISE degree option, and for setting pol-icy regarding configuration and use of the VISE facility.This structure incoporates mechanisms for allowing thedegree option to evolve. Specifically, it is expected thatas the option becomes established, additional courseswill be added to the VISE group and additional aca-demic units will become involved.3 State-of-the-Art FacilityThe VISE facility will have state-of-the-art function-ality both asa laboratory and a lecture facility. Thediagram of Fig. 1 shows that the equipment will bearranged so that the instructor can lecture from apodium area equipped with a rear projection system,a high speed graphics workstation, and a traditionalblackboard. At the heart of the facility will be 31high-performance workstations, 16 graphics worksta-tions and 15 video workstations. (During the first year,we will obtain 7 graphics and 9 video workstations.)The graphics workstations are C'l l Omachines equippedwith Visualize 48 graphics. The double buffered 24-bit graphics with Z buffer and texture mapping will450Primary CoursesUnder-graduateEE 438 Digital Signal Processing withApplicationsImaging& VideoEE 637 Digital Image Processing IEE 641 Digital Image Processing II(New) EE 6XX An Introduction to Digital Video Sig-nals and Systems(New) EE 6XX Introduction to Biomedical ImagingSystems(New) EE 6XX Principles of Color Imaging SystemsRemoteSensingEE 577 Engineering Aspects of Remote SensingGraphics(New) EE 5XX Image SynthesisEE 628 Computer Graphic Simulation andVisualizationNetworksEE 547 Introduction to Computer Communi-cation NetworksEE 647 Performance Modeling of ComputerCommunication NetworksPsycho-logyPSY 606 Special Topics in QuantitativePsychologyPSY 628 Perceptual ProcessesPSY 637 Human Information ProcessingSecondary CoursesUnder-graduateEE 440 Transmission of InformationGraduateEE 565 Computer ArchitectureEE 627 Introduction to Cryptography and Se-cure CommunicationEE 629 Introduction to Neural NetworksEE 638 Digital Signal Processing IEE 639 Error Control CodingEE 642 Information Theory and Source CodingEE 645 Estimation TheoryEE 648 Digital Signal Processing IIEE 661 Computer VisionEE 662 Pattern Recognition and Decision Mak-ing ProcessesIE 577 Human Factors in EngineeringME 573 Interactive Computer GraphicsPSY 514 Introduction to MathematicalPsychologyPSY 518 Memory and CognitionPSY 624 Human Learning and MemoryPSY 607 Scaling and MeasurementTable 1: VISE primary and secondary courses. Pri-mary courses focus on video, images, and networking;and will utilize the VISE lecture/laboratory facility.Secondary courses have an image systems engineeringcomponent and also provide foundation material forprimary courses.4c4c:::J :Existing EquipmantNTSG: Network Traffic Studies GroupVIADUCT ATM T.atbed12.000 Users1,000 Worksta~onsInternet AccessECNSUPERCOMPUTINGRESOURCESMosPar MP-1Intal ParagenIBMSP·2'::::; : Proposad EquipmentE'SL : Elac1ronicImaging Systams LabCVIPL :Computer Visien & Image Precessing Lab RSVL: Robel SimulationMsualizatien LabECN : Engineering Computer Network SPL: Signal Precessing LabVISE: Video & Image Syatama Engineering FaeliitylID lIDlIt:JlIDlIDlIDI.": lID -- Ii:l-- cill - lIP-- CjI.............. ........... ........ IoMLlIlIHIe ,-.wit'--- ...... _ -----J '--- ...._--'Video and Image Systems Engineering FacilityCjIFigure 1: Layout of VISE lecture/laboratory facility.The facility will ultimately contain 31 workstationswith 14 of the workstations obtained during the firstyear. High speed real time networking, and high perfor-mance graphics and video will facilitate a 21st centuryeducational experience.Figure 2: Diagram of the network connectivity that willbe available to VISE users.4 Course Enhancement and De-velopmentallow the students to perform experiments using real-time graphics simulation. The video workstations willhave 24-bit color displays with Visualize 24 graphics.All workstations will be capable of decoding real-timeMPEG video using the MPower software package.In order to support real-time video distribution andthe manipulation of large data sets, the lab will beequipped with a 155 Mbps Asynchronous TransferMode (ATM) network as shown in Fig. 2. This net-work will also provide high speed connectivity to a widerange of research and teaching resources ranging fromthe MasPar MP-1 supercomputer to the 1,000 worksta-tions and internet access of the Engineering ComputerNetwork.In the first year, the laboratory will be equipped witha variety of special purpose imaging devices such ascolor printers and color scanners. In years two andthree, a digital media server will be added along withmass storage in the form of an optical jukebox, a harddisk array, and a digital video disk recorder. This com-bination of media server and mass storage will alloweducational material to be distributed on computer net-works at Purdue. The facility will also serve as a test-bed for studying digital video distribution technology.The new VISE facility will support a range of uses bythe primary courses. It will be scheduled for both lec-ture and laboratory use. When not scheduled, the fa-cility will be available for use by students on a drop-inbasis to work on homework assignments and projects.Once the full complement of 31 workstations becomesavailable, the facility will enable us to experiment withnovel approaches to instruction. With one or two stu-dents at each workstation, we will be able to move awayfrom the traditional passive and largely uni-directionallecture format toward a much more interactive modeof learning. Discovering how to effectively utilize thismedium will be a significant challenge; but the poten-tial pay-off is great. In the rest of this section, we high-light some of the most important new uses envisionedfor the facility.Students in EE 577 Engineering Aspects of RemoteSensing will use the facility to develop methods to visu-alize high dimensional spectral response distributions ofdesignated ground cover classes. EE 6XX An Introduc-tion to Biomedical Imaging Systems will use the facilityfor high performance computation, graphics rendering,and video. For example, cardiac ultrasound can be usedto assess cardiac wall motion problems by acquiring aseries of images and playing them as video to observea beating heart. The video disk and workstations inVISE will be used by the students to observe, process,451Figure 3: Effect of lost ATM cells (top) and motion-compensated reconstruction from adjacent frames (bot-tom).and analyze such cardiac video sequences.Students in EE 6XX An Introduction to DigitalVideo Signals and Systems will be able to work directlywith video sequence data in both compressed and un-compressed formats to demonstrate JPEG, MPEG"'1and. MPEG-2 video compression standards, as well aslow bit rate approaches such as H.261 and MPEG-4.They will be able to examine such issues as error con-cealment illustrated in Fig. 3. The ATM network andmedia server will provide realistic platforms to studyreal-time video distribution methods. The special pur-pose color display and printing equipment in the VISEfacility will be essential to EE 6XX Principles of ColorImaging Systems. Calibrated 24-bit color displays willallow students to perform psychophysical experimentsin colorimetry, color constancy, and color appearance.In addition, the facility will support student projects incolor halftoning, device calibration, and color printermodeling.For EE 5XX Image Synthesis, we will be able to im-plement and demonstrate a wider range of techniquesfor producing synthetic images including ray tracing,radiosity, and hardware supported texture mapping. In452.,. .....Figure 4: Stimuli for an experiment to demonstratehow humans detect objects in the presence of clutter.EE 628 Computer Graphic Simulation and Visualiza-tion, we will be able to provide more accurate simula-tion of motion in synthetic video sequences.The VISE facility will have a significant impact onour courses in computer networks EE 541 and EE 641.It will be an excellent source of both video and stillimage traffic for case studies showing the impact ofnetwork design decisions on the quality of the imagesand video delivered across the network; Of particularinterest will be classroom demonstrations of the inter-actions between the following traffic types: real-timevideo and still-image traffic from the VISE facility; real-time control traffic from the RSVL lab; and large vol-ume data traffic from supercomputing and other appli-cations. These traffic sources will be tied together byour NSF-funded ATM network testbed shown in Fig. 2.For PSY 606 Special Topics in Quantitative Psychol-ogy and PSY 628 Perceptual Processes, the VISE fa-cility will allow students to study psychophysical phe-nomena by designing perceptual experiments, choosingstimuli and serving as subjects. For example, short ex-periments will be used to demonstrate perceptual phe-nomena and/or psychophysical methods. These includebrightness matching using the method of adjustment,shape constancy using the method of limits, and objectdetection using the signal detection method. Figure 4illustrates the type of stimuli that might be used in anobject detection experiment.References[1] L. A. Geddes, A Century of Progress: The History ofElectrical Engineering at Purdue (1888-1988) Schoolof Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, WestLafayette, IN (1988).[2] M. D. Zoltowski, J. P. Allebach, and C. A. Bouman,"Digital Signal Processing with Applications: A Newand SuccessfulApproach to Undergraduate DSP Edu-cation," IEEE Trame. on Education., Special Issue onDigital Signal Processing Undergraduate Education,Vol. 39, pp. 120-126, May 1996.

Video and image systems engineering education for the 21st century

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Video and image systems engineering education for the 21st century

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