Pion Superfluidity and Meson Properties at Finite Isospin Density

Abstract

We investigate pion superfluidity and its effect on meson properties and equation of state at finite temperature and isospin and baryon densities in the frame of standard flavor SU(2) NJL model. In mean field approximation to quarks and random phase approximation to mesons, the critical isospin chemical potential for pion superfluidity is exactly the pion mass in the vacuum, and corresponding to the isospin symmetry spontaneous breaking, there is in the pion superfluidity phase a Goldstone mode which is the linear combination of the normal sigma and charged pion modes. We calculate numerically the gap equations for the chiral and pion condensates, the phase diagrams, the meson spectra, and the equation of state, and compare them with that obtained in other effective models. The competitions between pion superfluidity and color superconductivity at finite baryon density and between pion and kaon superfluidity at finite strangeness density in flavor SU(3) NJL model are briefly discussed.Comment: Updated version: (1)typos corrected; (2)an algebra error in Eq.(87) corrected; (3)Fig.(17) renewed according to Eq.(87). We thank Prof.Masayuki Matsuzaki for pointing out the error in Eq.(87