Ackermann, Kristin

Fodstad, Terra

Wilson, Ted

English

OpenRiver@Winona State University

OpenRiver Student Research and Creative Projects 2012-2013 Grants & Sponsored Projects 9-1-2012 Effect of Milk Consumption and the Glycemic Response on Healthy College Aged Subjects Terra Fodstad Winona State University Kristin Ackermann Winona State University Ted Wilson Winona State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openriver.winona.edu/studentgrants2013 Recommended Citation Fodstad, Terra; Ackermann, Kristin; and Wilson, Ted, "Effect of Milk Consumption and the Glycemic Response on Healthy College Aged Subjects" (2012). Student Research and Creative Projects 2012-2013. 11. https://openriver.winona.edu/studentgrants2013/11 This Grant is brought to you for free and open access by the Grants & Sponsored Projects at OpenRiver. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Research and Creative Projects 2012-2013 by an authorized administrator of OpenRiver. For more information, please contact klarson@winona.edu. Effect of Milk Consumption and the Glycemic Response on Healthy College Aged Subjects Terra Fodstad, Kristin Ackermann, Ted Wilson Department of Biology, Winona State University, Winona, MN  METHODS   The WSU Human Subjects Committee approved this single crossover study. Subjects included 86 healthy, college-aged people (65 female, 21 male; age 19 ± 1; height 169 ± 9 cm; weight 69  ± 14 kg). Participants were randomized to receive 355 mL 2% cow’s milk or 355mL water nine hours prior to an oral glucose tolerance test that was administered the following morning (OGTT=50g/255mL). The treatment group drank 355mL 2% cow’s milk (n=43; 183 Cal) nine hours prior to an oral glucose tolerance test. The control group drank 355mL water (n=42) nine hours prior to the OGTT.    Subjects fasted from all foods and beverages except water for nine hours before OGTT administration. Baseline blood glucose was measured after a 15-minute lab acclimation period. Blood glucose levels were measured with Accu-Check meters 0 (pre-OGTT), and 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-OGTT. (Wilson, 2012).    Data is expressed as mean ± standard error. Statistical analysis (SAS version 9.3) was performed to fit a model, which adjusted for variation in subjects. This variation was due to sex and BMI. This model was used to isolate effects of treatment and time on blood glucose levels. Each treatment and glucose reading time combination had its own variance integral. AUC for each individual’s total blood glucose was determined using the trapezoidal rule. Differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤	 0.05.	      INTRODUCTION  Cow’s milk is a commonly consumed beverage that could have glycemic benefits for type 2 diabetics. Milk consumption has been found to lower the risk of overweight subjects developing diseases related to insulin resistance (Pereira et al, 2002). Milk protein profile consists of 80% casein and 20% whey (Nilsson et al, 2004). Consumption of casein protein with carbohydrate results in decreased blood glucose levels and increased insulin secretion (Jonker et al, 2011).  Evening dietary habits may affect morning glycemic response. The dawn effect in type 2 diabetics often results in fasting hyperglycemia (Sheehan, 2004). After 4 a.m., hepatic glucose production often increases, leading to higher morning blood glucose, regardless of insulin sensitivity (Sheehan, 2004). Consuming an evening diet rich in fat and protein may regulate the fasting hyperglycemic response, which may influence the dawn effect (Collier, 1983).   Based on anecdotal observations from type 2 diabetic individuals, a single crossover study was designed to determine if milk consumption before bedtime would improve the morning glycemic response in healthy college-age subjects. Results from healthy college aged people may reflect the influence of milk consumption on dawn effect in type 2 diabetics.  Table 1. Mean blood glucose concentrations during 120 minute OGTT.  Figure 2. Milk consumption 9 hours pre-OGTT did influence blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) differences. Figure 1. Milk consumption 9 hours pre-oral glucose tolerance test did not significantly influence blood glucose in healthy college-aged subjects. Table 2. BMI, age, and sex were not significantly different between treatment groups. SUMMARY OF MAIN POINTS:  REFERENCES Collier G, O’Dea K. The effect of coingestion of fat on the glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to carbohydrate and protein. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;37:941-4.  Jonker JT, et al. Effects of low does of casein hydrolysate on post-challenge glucose and insulin levels. European J of Internal Med. 2011;23:245-248.   Pereira MA, et. al. Dairy Consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA study. JAMA 2002;287:2081-9.    Sheehan JP. Fasting hyperglycemia: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 2004;6:525-533.   Wilson T, Baker SE, Freeman MR, Garbrecht MR, Ragsdale F, Wilson DA, Malone C. Relaxation Breathing Improves Human Glycemic Response. Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine. 2012; In Press: ID JACM-2012-0603   T Wilson, Singh AP, Vorsa N, Goettl CD, Kittleson KM, Roe CM,  Kastello GM, Ragsdale F. Human Glycemic Response and Phenolic Content of Unsweetened Cranberry Juice. J Med Food. 2008; 11:46-54.     CONCLUSIONS   Intake of 355 mL 2% cow’s milk prior to a nine hour fast did not correlate to lower morning blood glucose levels in healthy college aged subjects. Milk consumption at bedtime had no significant affect on morning glycemic response to a 50 g OGTT.  RESULTS 1.  Drinking cow’s milk before bedtime had no significant effect on fasting blood glucose the following morning in healthy college aged subjects.  2.  Blood glucose levels during the 120 minute OGTT showed were not significantly different between the milk and control groups.  3.  Total blood glucose AUC were not significantly different between treatments.  4.  Glycemic response to cow’s milk was not linked to differences in subjects’ sex or BMI.  60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Blood Glucose (mg/dl) Time (minutes) Milk Water 13000 13200 13400 13600 13800 14000 14200 14400 Milk Water Blood Glucose AUG Treatment Group BMI Age Sex Water  23.1 ± 3.8 19 ± 1 42 F, 9 M Milk 24.4 ± 3.5 19 ± 0.7 35 F, 8 M ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  The authors would like to thank Dillon Cariveau, Carrie Strand, Kayla Thurk, and Dr. Tisha Hooks for assistance with statistical analysis.   Group Baseline 30 Min.  Post-OGTT 60 Min.  Post-OGTT 120 Min. Post-OGTT AUC Pre-OGTT Water 85 ± 1 137 ± 4 138 ± 4 104 ± 3 14090 ± 313 Milk 82 ± 1 131 ± 3 131 ± 4 105 ± 3 13711 ± 317 

Effect of Milk Consumption and the Glycemic Response on Healthy College Aged Subjects

https://openriver.winona.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=studentgrants2013

Effect of Milk Consumption and the Glycemic Response on Healthy College Aged Subjects

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

OpenRiver@Winona State University