This study aims to evaluate the cost efficiency of farmers practicing zerotillage wheat and direct-seeded rice under the intervention of the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) project, primarily funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The focus area of this study is in two regions of India: Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh (EUP). The cost frontier function analysis has revealed that cost efficiency is higher for farmers who were receiving intervention in the rice crop. However, the study reveals very little difference in cost efficiency between with- and without-intervention farmers in the wheat season. The results also show that the main determinants of cost efficiency for with-intervention farmers are age, type of irrigation, and location. For without-intervention farmers, determinant variables are years in school, location, cropping system, type of seed, experience on the farm, and membership in an organization
