• The question of optimal fertilizer intensity has a long history and is
still relevant from several perspectives.
• While it is obvious that the optimal input use contributes to
economic benefits for the farmer, understanding the economically
optimal use of nitrogen fertilizer may help to address environmental
policies more efficiently.
• Literature shows that nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications to
agricultural crops often exceed the rate recommended by officials or
advisors. One possible explanation is farmers’ response to
uncertainty.
• This study contributes to this question based on long term crop
response data in Canada and Germany
