This article examines the dilemma of a large exporting Country for an agricultural product having to determine its domestic agricultural policy as well as its level of IPRs enforcement. The analysis explicitly considers the possibility of two frauds by farmers: mislabeling of GM products as conventional and smuggling of illegal GM seeds. In doing so this paper makes two points: the approval decision of the products of the biotechnology is specic to the labeling regime and a large country has always an incentive to enforce its IPR regime
