The complex genetic region conferring transferable antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance due to transferable resistance genes is one of the most important concerns in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from nosocomial infections. Eighty-eight K. pneumoniae isolates were confirmed through biochemical methods. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a disc-diffusion method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production among the isolates was screened using a double-disc synergism test, and the resistance genes were identified using PCR. The eight loci for multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotyping were selected along with the primers. According to our findings, neomycin (5; 5.6) and carbapenems (10; 11.3) showed the most remarkable inhibitory effect but co-trimoxazole (46; 52.2) was the least effective antibiotic against K. pneumoniae isolates. blaCTX-M-1, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, intI, intII, aac3 and aac6 were detected in 30 (34), 5 (5.6), 29 (32.9), 23 (26.1), 88 (100), 72 (81.8), 26 (29.5) and 28 (31.8) of the 88 isolates, respectively. But none of the K. pneumoniae isolates expressed the intIII gene. Using MLVA, 23 MLVA types and eight clusters were identified. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were classified into two clonal complexes. Effective strategies for infection control should be applied to monitor and control the spread of multidrug-resistant isolates by the resistance genes located on the mobile genetic elements. © 202